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The growing prevalence of IoT devices has heightened the focus on minimizing energy consumption in low-power electronic systems. Ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting allows self-sustaining electronic devices to operate in IoT networks without cables, batteries, or allocated energy sources. This paper presents an innovative printed dual-band dual-polarized antenna designed for ambient RF energy harvesting in IoT applications. The proposed antenna targets efficient RF energy conversion from the most prevalent cellular frequency bands (sub-1 GHz and 1800 MHz) and sub-700 MHz Digital Terrestrial Television. This antenna is a significant advancement in the field, boasting a wide circularly polarized 610-968 MHz bandwidth and a linearly polarized bandwidth covering the GSM/4G 1800 MHz band. The antenna’s integration with a rectifier circuit demonstrates its ability to convert ambient RF energy into electrical power, regardless of the source antenna orientation. This integrated antenna development significantly reduces battery dependency in low-power IoT devices, paving the way for more sustainable and versatile wireless networks. Specifically, this antenna is crafted to achieve broad CP and adequate impedance bandwidths across targeted frequencies, crucial for the diverse requirements of ambient RF energy harvesting. Such a design meets our primary objectives of capturing RF energy effectively, with its omnidirectional pattern enabling it to collect ambient RF signals from different polarizations and directions.

Car and motorcycle drivers frequently experience neck pain, which may have an impact on their quality of life and productivity at work. Understanding the prevalence of neck pain in this population and identifying effective interventions was essential for developing targeted healthcare strategies. The purpose of this review was to determine the prevalence of neck pain among car and motorcycle drivers and assess the effectiveness of primary, secondary, and tertiary care interventions in managing and preventing this health issue. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to gather relevant studies on neck pain prevalence and interventions among drivers. The collected data was analysed and synthesised to provide an in-depth understanding of the issue. The result of this review reveals a significant prevalence of neck pain among car and motorcycle drivers, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Primary, secondary, and tertiary care strategies are essential in addressing neck pain in this population. Primary care interventions focus on preventing the onset of neck pain, while secondary care aims to manage existing symptoms and prevent their worsening. Tertiary care interventions involve rehabilitation and long-term management of chronic neck pain. The present review concluded that a multi-faceted approach, encompassing primary, secondary, and tertiary care interventions, is necessary to prevent and manage neck pain in drivers. However, the current evidence base has limitations, and further research is required to enhance our understanding of effective interventions for this population.

Patellofemoral pain can lead to knee pain, mobility and muscle performance deficits. It is caused by mechanical and chemical imbalances within the patellofemoral joint. Physiotherapeutic intervention plays an important role in managing these deficits. In this case, physiotherapeutic interventional prescription was used on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. Assessment based on the ICF is a framework for describing and organising information on functioning and disability. A 55-year-old female with right peripatellar pain was examined using the ICF model for patellofemoral pain and muscle performance deficits. The components observed were correlated with the ICF model. On the basis of ICF-based assessment results, body function diminished in the form of decreased muscle strength and knee Range Of Motion (ROM) with the presence of pain. Functional activity limitations are present in the form of squatting and stair climbing. Other associated findings are mild patellofemoral swelling and quadriceps wasting. This case study found that muscle performance deficits caused by patellofemoral pain can be managed by eight weeks of ICF-based physiotherapeutic intervention that follows physiotherapeutic elements of prescription.