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Background: The acupotomy is an acupuncture device recently used to stimulate lumbar vertebrae such as transverse processes (TPs) and facet joints (FJs). However, there are many organs, nerves, and blood vessels, which can lead to side effects if the needle misses the treatment target. Therefore, information regarding appropriate insertion depths, which is currently lacking, could facilitate its safe use. We retrospectively investigated the depth from the skin to the TP and FJ of the lumbar vertebrae, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted at a single medical centre in Korea. From 55,129 patient records, 158 subjects were selected. Perpendicular depth from the skin to the left and right TPs and FJs was measured using T1-weighted sagittal plane MRI. Depth differences between the left and right sides were evaluated using the paired t-test and analysis of covariance (body mass index [BMI] as a covariate). The influence of BMI on depth at each location was evaluated by simple linear regression analysis. Results: The mean age was 43.2 years and mean BMI was 23.6 kg/m2. The depth from skin to the TPs or FJs was unaffected by age, sex, or side. Mean depths (cm) were as follows: (TPs) L1 = 4.5, L2 = 4.9, L3 = 5.3, L4 = 5.7, L5 = 5.9; (FJs) L12 = 3.8, L23 = 4.0, L34 = 4.4, L45 = 4.6, L5S1 = 4.6. Depth was highly correlated with BMI at each location. Conclusion: The depth of TPs and FJs adjusted for BMI can safely and effectively be used for treatment via various invasive interventions, including acupotomy treatment, in the lumbar region.

In order to optimize the preparation process of three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester/cotton nonwovens thermal insulation material, the response surface method box Behnken design was used. The three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester content, needling density and needling depth were taken as independent variables, and the response surface experiment of three factors and three-level was designed with the heat preservation rate as the response value, and the regression model was established. The results show that the regression model is extremely significant and well fitted, which can well explain the change of response value; the factors that affect the thermal insulation performance of three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester/cotton nonwovens are the content ratio of three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester, needling density and needling depth; the optimized scheme is that the ratio of three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester/ cotton/low melting point fiber is 50 : 35 : 15, needling density is 10 stitches/cm², and the depth of acupuncture is 5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bamboo and polypropylene fibers have been selected to produce non-woven fabrics using needle punching machines. The non-woven fabrics were produced with bamboo and polypropylene blends of 80%/20%, 20%/80% and 50%/50%, respectively. The cross-directional tensile properties of produced non-woven fabrics were analyzed using Box–Behnken experimental design for three factors and three levels by varying aerial density, punch density and depth of needling penetration. It was observed that the 20% bamboo/80% polypropylene non-woven fabrics have higher tensile strength and elongation than the other two blend proportions. The tensile strength increases with increase in aerial density, punch density and depth of needle penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of different needling depth for benign prostatic hyperplasia., Methods: A total of 70 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized into an elongated needle group (35 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a filiform needle group (35 cases, 2 cases dropped off). Basic treatment combined with acupuncture were adopted in both groups, acupuncture was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), Zhigou (TE 6). In the elongated needle group, acupuncture was performed at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28) by elongated needle, the needling depth was 60-73 mm. In the filiform needle group, acupuncture was performed at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Shuidao (ST 28) by filiform needle, the needling depth was 25-30 mm. The treatment was given once a day (except Sunday), 2 weeks as one course, 1 course was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, the international prostate symptom score(IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score and prostate volume were observed in the two groups, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated., Results: Compared before treatment, the IPSS and QOL scores after 1, 2-week treatment were reduced ( P <0.01), and the IPSS and QOL scores after 2-week treatment were lower than those after 1-week treatment in the two groups ( P <0.01); the IPSS and QOL scores after 2-week treatment in the elongated needle group were lower than the filiform needle group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). After 2-week treatment, the prostate volume was reduced in the two groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The total effective rate was 91.2% (31/34) in the elongated needle group, which was superior to 72.7% (24/33) in the filiform needle group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Both elongated needle and filiform needle can improve the symptom and quality of life in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and elongated needle has the better therapeutic effect.

Objective: To explore the anatomical structure of acupuncture point Qiuhou (EX-HN7) area for safe insertion of acupuncture needle., Methods: A total of 28 orbital specimens of adult corpses (14 men and 14 women) were randomly selected to be observed by anatomical sectioning and layering methods. The acupoint EX-HN7, located at the junction between the 1/4 of the outer boundary and 3/4 of the inner boundary of the infraorbital margin according to the "Standardization of Acupoint Position" implemented by the People's Republic of China, and marked first with a color pen, followed by cutting the head into horizontal sections along the cross line by using a cadaver cutter and measuring the distance between the skin and blood vessels and main nerves with a digimatic caliper. When the anatomic hierarchy was performed, the blood vessels and nerves in the orbit, the morphological characteristics of the structure around the needle body were particularly focused., Results: When an acupuncture needle was vertically inserted into EX-HN7 region, the tissues through which the needle passes are skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis muscle, orbital adipose body, inferior oblique muscle and inferior orbital wall, respectively. When an acupuncture needle was inserted obliquely upward and along the inferior orbital wall to a depth of (26.5±1.7)mm, the needle tip met the posterior ciliary artery; when to a depth of (41.4±1.3)mm, it reached the superior ophthalmic vein. When inserted to a depth of (40.4±1.5)mm, the needle tip may damage the ophthalmic artery and optic nerve. When the acupuncture needle was inserted inferiorly and closely along the orbital inferior wall to a depth of (13.2±1.4)mm, the infraorbital artery in the suborbital sulcus would be hurt., Conclusion: It is recommended that when insert vertically into a depth of 12.0 mm in EX-HN7, the acupuncture needle tip should be slightly inclined inward and posterior-upward, and the depth should not exceed 26.0 mm.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of needling depth on clinical efficacy of lumbar disc herniation (LDH)., Methods: Ten electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL PLUS, AMED, Embase, PsycINFO, and 6 registry platforms of clinical trials were searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of needling depth on clinical efficacy of LDH were collected; in addition, the reference lists of the studies included were hand searched. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. RevMan 5.3 was applied to carry out statistical analysis., Results: Totally 8 716 articles were retrieved, and 10 RCTs were included after screening, involving 1 116 patients. The results showed the effects of deep acupuncture onrelievingpain, reducing the Oswestry disability index (ODI), improving total effective rate and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were superior to those of shallow acupuncture in patients with LDH., Conclusion: It is preliminarily indicated that deep acupuncture is helpful to improve the therapeutic effect of LDH; however, due to the low research quality and small sample size, the evidence is insufficient, and more high-quality researches are needed to further confirm the results.