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Aim: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the relationship between microsatellite instability (MSI) status and 18F-FDG PET/CT data in patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods: Our study included 74 patients who underwent PET/CT in preoperative staging with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and then underwent surgical resection. In the immunohistochemical examination, nuclear staining was considered positive for all antibodies. Normal colon mucosa and lymphocytes in tissue were used as an internal positive control group. The absence of nuclear staining in tumor cells was considered "loss" in "Mismatch Repair Gen" proteins. MSI status of patients was divided into 3 groups according to the occurrence of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6 gene proteins, and also the number of MSI genes. It is defined as a high frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) when two or more of the five markers in the tumor DNA were positive. If only one marker was positive, the tumor is termed as low frequency of MSI (MSI-L). And MSS is determined when all of the five markers were negative. Results: While MSI was not detected in 56 of the patients (75.7%), MSI was detected in 18 patients (24.3%). 4 patients (5.4%) had MSH-L, while 14 patients (18.9%) had MSH-H. In the analysis made considering all 3 groups, there was no statistically significant relationship between MSI status and SUVmax (p=0.835). Liver metastases were present in 11 (36.7%) of 30 patients who were metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Distant metastasis incidence was lower in 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with MSI-H (p=0.010). In addition, a significant correlation was found between the presence of liver metastases and MSI, and liver metastasis was not observed in any of the 14 patients with MSI-H (p=0.041).Conclusion: Although not statistically significant, SUVmax values were found to be higher in patients with MSI-H. In addition, metastasis rates were found to be lower in patients with microsatellite instability in accordance with the literature data.

WOS: 000517598400001, PubMed: 32104679, Objective. To determine the influence of the home bleaching agent, Opalescence PF, on the surface roughness and microhardness of glazed glassy matrix CAD-CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods. The 28 sintered leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD) were divided into control and bleached groups. The home bleaching agent was applied to specimens of bleached groups for 7 days. The surface roughness and microhardness of all specimens were measured. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface properties. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results. The control e.max CAD showed the lowest surface roughness values. For both Empress and e.max CAD, surface roughness was significantly higher for the bleached group (p

The prognosis of melanoma is extremely poor. There are no biomarker that indicate the prognosis. The indirect markers of the antitumoral response such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived NLR (dNLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) etc. have recently begun to be emphasized. Increased NLR, PLR and dNLR as a consequence of chronic inflammation have been found to be associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. The aim of this study is explore the role of this parameters in patients with early-stage melanoma. We retrospectively evaluated 120 patients admitted to our clinic with stage I-Ill melanoma with ANC, ALC, absolute platelet count(APC), as well as NLR, dNLR, and PLR values at the time of diagnosis, relaps and metastasis and evaluate their impact on prognosis. Patients with active infection, receiving steroids, with a chronic inflammatory disease that may alter the hematological parameters, and those with another malignancy other than melanoma were excluded. The median follow-up was 52 months. OS and DFS were significantly worse in patients with an NLR above 2.84. Also, in patients with a dNLR value above 1.96 (p= 0.007). The were no relationship between PLR value, OS and DFS, and between gender and OS. OS was significantly lower in patients over 65 years of age (p< 0.001). These results suggested that haematological parameters can be used to estimate the prognosis of melanoma. These results suggested that haematological parameters can be used to estimate the prognosis of melanoma.

Maxillary resection performed for removal of thetumor mass, leads to esthetic, phonetic, functionaland important psychological problems for the patient.The primary aim of prosthetic rehabilitation is to closethe maxillary defect and eliminate such problemsby use of different bulb designs. An obturator is atreatment option for the defects after maxillary tumorsurgery. In this article, rehabilitation with hollow bulbobturator prosthesis was explained for a patientsubjected to maxillary resection because of tumormass., Tümör kitlesini ortadan kaldırmak için yapılan maksilerrezeksiyon hastalar için estetik, fonetik, işlevsel veönemli psikolojik sorunlara yol açar. Protetikrehabilitasyonun öncelikli amacı farklı bulb dizaynlarınıkullanarak maksiller defekti ve buna bağlı bazıproblemleri ortadan kaldırmaktır. Obturatörler,maksiller tümör cerrahisi sonrası oluşan defektler içinbir tedavi yöntemidir. Bu makalede, tümör kitlesinedeniyle maksiller rezeksiyon yapılan bir hastanınhollow bulb obturatör protez ile rehabilitasyonanlatılmaktadır.

Objective: The aim of this invitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three different self-adhesiveresin cements.Materials andMethod:Standardized test samples (2×5 mm) of adhesive resin cements ICEM (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany), Nova Resin (Imicryl, Konya,Turkey) and Clearfil SACement (Kuraray, Okuyama, Japan) were prepared according to themanufacturers’ instructions. Bovine dentalpulp-derived cells (Clonal SV40) were seeded into the wells of a 96 well-plate,and incubated in MEM Alpha (Gibco Invitrogen) supplemented with 20% fetal bovineserum, 5% penicillin/streptomycin, 1% geneticin in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The test samples were immersed in thegrowth medium for 24 h and the extracts were applied onto the cells. A group ofcells was immersed in the growth medium that was not exposed to the testmaterials, and was assigned as negative control. The cell viability wasdetermined by enzyme activity tests at the end of a 24 h treatment period. Thedata were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Results: There was no statistically significant difference betweenthe cell viability of the negative control group and ICEM, Clearfil SA and NovaResin Cement groups (p>0.05). There was also no statistically significantdifference among the self-adhesive resin cement groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: In this in vitrostudy, self-adhesive resin cements were found to have no significant cytotoxiceffects on two dimensional dental bovine pulp cells., Amaç:Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinikte kullanılan kendinden bağlanabilen üç farklıadeziv rezin simanın sitotoksisitesinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda üretici firmanın önerileri dikkate alınarak silindirikşekilli (2x5mm) adeziv rezin siman test örnekleri hazırlandı ICEM (HeraeusKulzer, Hanau, Almanya), Nova Resin (Imicryl, Konya, Turkey) ve Clearfil SACement (Kuraray, Okuyama, Japonya). Sığır pulpasından elde edilmiş hücreler(Clonal SV40) 96-kuyucuklu hücre kültürü plakları içerisine yerleştirildi ve %20fetal sığır serumu, %5 penisilin/streptomisin, %1 genetisin içeren MEM Alphaiçerisinde (Gibco Invitrogen) %5 CO2 ortamında, 37°C’de 24 saat enkübe edildi.Test örnekleri hazırlanan besi ortamı içerisinde 24 saat bekletildi veekstraktlar hücreler üzerine uygulandı. İçerisinde test materyali ekstrakteedilmemiş besi ortamına maruz bırakılan hücreler negatif kontrol grubu kabuledildi. Hücre canlılığı 24 saat muamele sonunda enzim aktivitesi iledeğerlendirildi. Veriler one-way ANOVA ile analiz edildi.Bulgular:ICEM, Clearfil SA ve Nova Resin siman gruplarının canlılık yüzdeleri ilenegatif kontrol grubunun hücre canlılık oranları arasında istatistiksel olarakanlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Aynı zamanda rezin siman grupları birbiriile karşılaştırıldığında istatiksel olarak gruplar arasında yine anlamlı farkbulunmadı (p>0.05).Sonuç: Bu in vitro çalışmada iki-boyutlu sığır dentalpulpa hücreleri üzerinde test edilen kendinden bağlanabilen adeziv rezinsimanların önemli derecede sitotoksik etki göstermedikleri tespit edildi.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a home bleaching agent (Opalescence PF) on the translucency of CAD/CAM ceramic systems. Materials and methods The 28 sintered ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD; 15 mm long, 10 mm wide, 1 mm thick) were divided into two subgroups as control and bleaching groups (n = 7). Carbamide peroxide (CP), 16%, home bleaching agent was applied onto the surface of each specimen for 6 hours per day for 7 days. A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance) was used to measure the CIE L* a* b* coordinates and the reflectance value (Y) of the specimens on white and black backgrounds. The translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) of the specimens were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation. Results Statistically significant differences in the TP values after 16% CP bleaching treatment were observed (p ˂ 0.05); however, no significant differences were found in the OP and CR values after the surface treatment (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusions According to our study, patients who have all-ceramic restorations in their mouths should be careful when using home bleaching agents, because whitening agents can affect the translucency of all-ceramic restorations such as e.max CAD and Empress CAD.

Amac : Dort farkli gecici materyalin 3 farkli sivida kisa donem bekletme sonunda renk ve yuzey puruzluluk degisiminin incelenmesidir. Gerec ve Yontem: Bu calismada disk seklinde 4 farkli gecici materyal (Whitepeaks CopraTemp, Integra, Triad, Systemp.c&b II) (renk: A2) kullanildi (n=15). Hazirlanan materyaller 37°C’deki distile suda 24 saat sure bekletildikten sonra, tum orneklerin baslangic renk ve yuzey puruzluluk degerleri olculdu. Her bir gecici materyal daha sonra bekletilecek sivi tipine gore 3 alt gruba (distile su (kontrol), cay, kahve) ayrildi (n=5). Ornekler 37oC’deki ilgili sivilarda 48 saat sure bekletildikten sonra, tum orneklerin renk ve yuzey puruzluluk degerleri tekrar olculdu. Materyallerin 48 saat sonraki renk degisim degerleri iki yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile incelendi. Baslangic yuzey puruzluluk degerleri tek yonlu ANOVA ile incelendi. Kirk sekiz saat bekletme sonrasi yuzey puruzluluk degerleri ve yuzey puruzluluk fark degerleri iki yonlu ANOVA ile incelendi (p=0,05). Bulgular: Gecici materyallerin 48 saat sonraki renk degisimini sadece sivi tipi anlamli olarak etkilemistir (p=0,000). Yuzey puruzluluk fark degerleri materyal ve sivi tipi etkilesiminden etkilenmistir (p=0,001). Bilgisayar destekli tasarim ve uretim sistemi (CAD/CAM) ile uretilen gecici materyal (Whitepeaks CopraTemp), diger gecici materyaller ile karsilastirildiginda en az puruzluluk degisim degeri gostermistir (p≤0,005). Sonuc : Gecici materyallerin renk ve yuzey puruzluluk degisim sonuclari beraber degerlendirildiginde, CAD/CAM sistemi ile uretilen gecici materyal diger gecici materyallere gore tercih edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gecici dis restorasyonlari, Renk, Yuzey ozellikleri Investigation of the color and surface roughness changes of different temporary materials after short-term storage in different liquids ABSTRACT Aim: T o investigate the color and surface roughness changes of 4 different temporary materials after short-term storage in 3 different liquids. Material and Methods: In this study, disk shaped 4 different temporary materials (Whitepeaks CopraTemp, Integra, Triad, Systemp.c&b II) (color: A2) were used (n=15). After the prepared materials were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, all specimens initial color and roughness values were measured. Then, each temporary material was divided into 3 subgroups (distilled water (control), tea, coffee) according to liquid type to be stored (n=5). After the specimens were stored in respective liquids at 37oC for 48 hours, the color and roughness data of all specimens were measured again. The color change values of materials after 48 hours were analysed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Initial surface roughness values were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Surface roughness values after 48 hours storage and the surface roughness difference values were analysed by two-way ANOVA (p=0,05). Results: Only liquid type significantly affected the color change of temporary materials after 48 hours (p=0,000). Surface roughness difference values were affected by material and liquid type interaction (p=0,001). The temporary material (Whitepeaks CopraTemp) produced by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing system (CAD/CAM) presented the lowest roughness change value as compared to the other temporary materials (p≤0,005). Conclusion: If the color and surface roughness change results of temporary materials were evaluated together, the temporary material produced with CAD/CAM system can be preferred instead of other temporary materials. Keywords: Temporary dental restorations, Color, Surface properties

WOS: 000471710100014, PubMed: 30298558, Purpose To evaluate the effect of adding Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles in ratios of 1, 3, and 5 wt% to different acrylic resins on flexural strength. Materials and Methods A total of 210 specimens were prepared in 30 groups (n = 7/group) (Control, 1% Al2O3, 3% Al2O3, 5% Al2O3, 1% SiO2, 3% SiO2, 5% SiO2, 1% TiO2, 3% TiO2, 5% TiO2). The specimens were polished with 200-, 400-, and 600-grit abrasive paper to provide a standard surface before testing and then suspended in distilled water for 30 days. Flexural strength was measured via three-point bending tests. Subsequently, SEM analysis was performed for one specimen from each group. Homogeneity of data was assessed by Kolmogov-Smirnov test followed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (alpha = 0.05). Results There was a significant increase in the flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) after addition of 1% nanoparticles in both heat-polymerized and autopolymerized acrylic resins (p < 0.05). The flexural strength values of the groups to which Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles were added exceeded those of the group with SiO2 addition (p < 0.05). The electron microscopy images revealed that the nanoparticles were more homogeneously dispersed in PMMA with higher flexural strength. Conclusions The mechanical properties of PMMA can be improved by the addition of nanoparticles to PMMA; however, the flexural strength values of PMMA decrease with the addition of nanoparticles at higher percentages (3-5%). Hence, the ideal filler ratio corresponds to 1%., Selcuk University Scientific Research ProjectsSelcuk University [16102013], This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects (project number 16102013).

Background: KRAS mutations have a significant role in the consecutive activation of RAS.RAF.MEK.ERK pathway in colorectal cancer.Approximately 30.35% of sporadic colorectal cancers have KRAS mutation. While the predictive role of KRAS is commonly accepted at the present time, its prognostic role and association with different clinical and histopathological properties are currently unclear and inconsistent. The intent of this study, has been to evaluate the associations between KRAS gene mutations and clinicopathological features and survival times in Turkish colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, the file records of 115 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who applied to the Department of Medical Oncology between 2000 and 2011 were monitored; data on clinicopathological features and survival times were collected. DNA.sequencing method with PCR amplification from archival paraffin blocks were used for KRAS mutation status analysis. The associations between KRAS mutation status and clinicopathological features and survival times were compared statistically. Results: While a significant association hadbeen determined between KRAS mutation status and tumor localization, there was no determined significant association with other clinicopathological properties. Similarly, there was no association between KRAS mutation status and survival parameters. Conclusions: As a result, the effect of KRAS mutation status on clinicopathological features, survival time and prognosis is unclear.

Bilgi teknolojileri kullanma isteğiyle, araştırma ve uygulamalarda elde edilen bilginin toplanması, depolanması, sınıflanması, yönetimi ve kullanımını etkinleştirmek, kolaylaştırmak ve yaymak için araçlar, yöntemler geliştirmek ve kullanımını öğretmek amacında olan yapay zekâ (YZ) modelleme programları kullanılır hale gelmiştir. Bu programlar sayısal işaret işleme, kontrol tasarımı, haberleşmeden; GC, HPLC, kütle spektrofotometre datalarının analizi, RNA ve DNA tiplemesi, proteinlerin yapılarının tanımlanması, mikroskobik görüntülerin tanımlanması, biyokütle ve mikrobiyal gelişim tahminleri, gıdalarda raf ömrünün belirlenmesi, mikroorganizmaların tanımından molekül yapılarının belirlenmesine kadar birçok alanda kullanılabilmektedir. Gıda mühendisliğinde ise özellikle yapay sinir ağları (neural network), bulanık mantık (fuzzy logic) ve genetik algoritma (genetic algorithm) kullanılmaktadır. Gıdalarda ürün derecelendirme, sınıflandırma, proses modelleme ve optimizasyonu, kalite kontrolünün izlenmesi, görüntünün sayısal verilere dönüştürülmesi, ürün tasarımı, depolama sistemlerinin kontrolü, ürün rekoltesinin tahmini gibi alanlarda; endüstriyel ekmek mayası fermantasyonunda biokütle kestirimi, hamurun rheolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, gıdalarda ısı prosesi değerlendirmesinde, görünür gözeneklilik, sıcaklık ve nem içeriğine göre ısı geçirgenliği tahmininde, antosiyonin içeriklerinin belirlenerek şarapların sınıflandırılması, meyve, sebze ve kuruyemişlerin morfolojik özelliklerine göre sınıflandırılması vb. modelleme uygulamaları yapılmıştır.

WOS: 000350184300004, PubMed: 25722833, PURPOSE. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of temporary luting cements on bovine dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different temporary cements were tested: Rely X Temp E (3M ESPE), Ultratemp (Ultradent), GC Fuji Temp (GC), and Rely X Temp NE (3M ESPE). The materials were prepared as discs and incubated in Dulbecco's modified eagle's culture medium (DMEM) for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5. A real-time cell analyzer was used to determine cell vitality. After seeding 200 mu L of the cell suspensions into the wells of a 96-well plate, the bDPCs were cured with bioactive components released by the test materials and observed every 15 minutes for 98 hours. One-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests were used to analyze the results of the proliferation experiments. RESULTS. All tested temporary cements showed significant decreases in the bDPCs index. Rely X Temp E, GC Fuji Temp, and Rely X Temp NE were severely toxic at both time points (24 and 72 hours) (P.05); however, the cell viability was significantly reduced at 72 hours (P

Sunitinib and axitinib are oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that is commonly used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as it has been shown to improve the progression-free survival of patients compared with sorafenib. Hypertension, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, diarrhea, decreased appetite, nausea, and fatigue are common adverse events associated with them. We declared the first case report of a RCC patient with acute pancreatitis both under sunitinib and axitinib treatment. A 63-year-old male RCC patient who had been previously treated with interferon alfa 2b, sunitinib, everolimus and axitinib was hospitalized for acute pancreatitis four months after the onset of sunitinib therapy and five months after the onset of axitinib treatment. Symptoms and levels of serum lipase were normalized within one week after drug was withheld. Acute pancreatitis is a rare side effect of TKI and because of this, in patients under TKI treatment abdominal pain should be considered as a possible symptom of acute pancreatitis.

To evaluate the effect of a home bleaching agent (Opalescence PF) on the translucency of CAD/CAM ceramic systems.The 28 sintered ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD; 15 mm long, 10 mm wide, 1 mm thick) were divided into two subgroups as control and bleaching groups (n = 7). Carbamide peroxide (CP), 16%, home bleaching agent was applied onto the surface of each specimen for 6 hours per day for 7 days. A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance) was used to measure the CIE LStatistically significant differences in the TP values after 16% CP bleaching treatment were observed (p ˂ 0.05); however, no significant differences were found in the OP and CR values after the surface treatment (p ˃ 0.05).According to our study, patients who have all-ceramic restorations in their mouths should be careful when using home bleaching agents, because whitening agents can affect the translucency of all-ceramic restorations such as e.max CAD and Empress CAD.

This in vitro study investigates the bonding capacity of resin cements to dowels, using the push-out bonding strength of four different dowel systems, namely, stainless steel dowels (SSD), resin-supported polyethylene fiber dowels (RSPFD), zirconia dowels (ZD), and superpost glass fiber dowels (GFD), luted in root canals, using two different resin cements, namely, Multilink Automix Cement and Clearfil Esthetic Cement. Ninety-six maxillary central incisor teeth were sectioned below the cementoenamel junction, and the roots were treated endodontically. Then the roots were placed into four groups, based on the dowel systems used. The roots were further placed into two subgroups, based on the cement type used as subgroup A and subgroup B. Push-out bonding tests were performed on the bonded specimens, which were cut into 1 mm thick sections. A two-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s HSD tests were performed. The push-out bonding strength values for SSD, ZD, and RSPFD were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The mea...

Background: Surgical excision constitutes an important part of the treatment of local advanced malignant melanoma. Due to the high recurrence risk, adjuvant high-dose interferon therapy is still the only therapy used in stage IIB and III high-risk melanoma patients. Methods: One hundred two high-risk malignant melanoma patients who received high-dose interferon-α-2b therapy were evaluated retrospectively. The clinicopathological features, survival times, and prognostic factors of the patients were determined. Results: The median disease-free and overall survival times were 25.2 and 60.8 months, respectively. Our findings revealed that male gender, advanced disease stage, lymph node involvement, lymphatic invasion, the presence of ulceration, and a high Clark level were significant negative prognostic factors. Conclusion: In light of the favorable survival results obtained in this study, high-dose interferon treatment as adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma is still an efficient treatment and its possible side effects can be prevented by taking the necessary precautions.

Amac: PMMA, protetik dis hekimliginde protez kaide materyali olarak yaygin kullanilmasina ragmen dusuk mekanik ve fiziksel ozellikler gibi dezavantajlara sahiptir. Bu calismanin amaci, mikrodalga enerjisi ile polimerize olan akrilik rezin icerisine agirlikca % 1, 3 ve 5 oranlarinda Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ve TiO 2 nanopartikulleri ilavesinin yuzey sertligi ve yuzey puruzlulugu gibi mekanik ve fiziksel ozellikleri uzerine etkisini degerlendirmektir. Gerec ve Yontem: Calismamizda uretici firmanin onerileri dikkate alinarak, on farkli grup icin toplam yetmis akrilik rezin ornek (65×10×3 mm) hazirlanmistir (n=7). Polisaj ve cilalama islemleri yapildiktan sonra yuzey puruzluluk degerleri ( Ra ) profilometre cihazi ile, yuzey sertligi degerleri ise Rockwell R testi ile olculmustur. Elde edilen verilerin homojenitesi Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile degerlendirildikten sonra iki yonlu varyans analizi ve Tukey HSD testleri kullanilmistir ( α =0.05 ). Bulgular: Yuzey puruzlulugu degerleri acisindan, %1 oraninda nanopartikul ilave edilen grubun puruzluluk degerleri kontrol grubuna oldukca yakin bulunurken (0.28-0.29), %3 ve %5 oraninda ilave yapilan gruplarin puruzluluk degerleri mikroorganizma tutulumu icin kritik degerden (0.2 µm) cok yuksek (0.46-0.84) bulunmustur. Yuzey sertligi degerleri acisindan ise nanopartikul ilavesi sonucunda yuzey sertlik degerleri artarken en yuksek degerler %5 oraninda ilave edilen gruplarda bulunmustur ( p < 0.05). Sonuc: Bu calismanin sinirlari dahilinde, PMMA’a nanopartikul ilavesi ile mekanik ozellikleri gelistirilebilir, ancak nanopartikul ilave yuzdesi arttikca (%3 ve %5) PMMA’nin yuzey puruzluluk degerlerinin artmasi ideal doldurucu oraninin %1 oldugunu gostermektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Polimetilmetakrilat, Nanopartikul, Yuzey puruzlulugu, Yuzey sertligi. Evaluation of mechanical and physical properties of micro-waved acrylic resin reinforced with different nanoparticles Abstract Purpose: PMMA has disadvantages such as low mechanical and physical properties although it is widely used as prosthetic base material in prosthetic dentistry . The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and TiO 2 nanoparticles in ratios of 1, 3 and 5 wt% to micro-waved acrylic resins on the mechanical and physical properties such as surface hardness and surface roughness. Material and Method: A total of seventy acrylic resin specimens (65×10×3 mm) were prepared in different ten groups according to manufacturer’s instructions (n=7). After polishing surface roughness values ​​were measured by profilometer, and surface hardness values ​​were measured by Rockwell R test. Homogeneity of the obtained data was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test followed by Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test ( α =0.05) . Results: In terms of surface roughness values, the roughness of the groups added with 1% nanoparticle were very close to control group (0.28-0.29), whereas roughness values ​​of 3% and 5% addition groups were found to be very high (0.46-0.84) from the critical value (0.2 μm) for microorganism involvement. In terms of surface hardness values, surface hardness values were increased as a result of nanoparticle addition, whereas the highest values were foud in 5% addition groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the mechanical properties can be improved with the addition of nanoparticles to PMMA, but the increase in the surface roughness values of PMMA with increasing nanoparticle addition ratio (3% and 5%) suggests that the ideal filler ratio is 1%. Keywords: Polymethylmethacrylate, Nanoparticle, Surface roughness, Surface hardness.

Giant red sea cucumbers, Parastichopus californicus, are commercially harvested in the U.S. Pacific Northwest; however, the nutritional and chemical properties of its edible muscle bands and body wall have not been fully elucidated. In particular are the fatty acid profiles of P. californicus tissues, which have not been documented. Sea cucumbers were delivered live and muscle bands and body wall freeze dried, vacuum packed, and stored at –30°C until analyzed. Proximate composition of freeze-dried tissues varied greatly with muscle bands being composed of 68% protein, 12% ash, 9% carbohydrate, and 5% lipids, while the body wall was composed of 47% protein, 26% ash, 15% carbohydrate, and 8% lipids. The hydroxyproline, proline, and glycine contents of the body wall were much higher than those in muscle bands, consistent with the larger amount of connective tissue. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron contents were higher in the body wall than those in muscle bands, whereas the opposite was observed for zinc content. Total long-chain n-3 fatty acid contents were 19% and 32% of total fatty acids in body wall and muscle bands, respectively. Muscle bands had higher content of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) than body wall at 22.6% and 12.3%, respectively. High content of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was recorded in both body wall (7.1%) and muscle bands (9.9%). Overall, the fatty acid profiles of body wall and muscle bands of P. californicus resemble those described for other species; however, the distribution and occurrence of certain fatty acids is unique to P. californicus, being representative of the fatty acid composition of temperate-polar marine organisms. The chemical characterization of freeze-dried edible tissues from P. californicus demonstrated that these products have valuable nutritional properties. The body wall, a food product of lower market value than muscle bands, could be better utilized for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

OZET Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, farkli apikal caplara sahip (1mm ve 1.4mm) immatur dislere ortograd ve retrograd yollarla, farkli uygulama teknikleri ile yerlestirdigimiz MTA’nin apikal sizintilarinin bilgisayarli sivi filtrasyon teknigi ile belirlenmesidir. Gerec ve yontem: Calismada kullanmak icin toplamda 100 adet cekilmis ust cene keser insan disi kullanildi. Acik apekse sahip immatur disleri simule etmek amaciyla apikal foramen, capi 1mm ve 1.4 mm genisliginde olacak sekilde prepare edildi. Uretici firmanin talimatlari dogrultusunda karistirilan MTA dort farkli yolla (retrograd yolla, ortograd yolla, 2 asamali ortograd yolla ve internal matrix destekli ortograd yolla) farkli apikal foramen capa sahip kok kanallarinin icerisine yerlestirildi. Disler bilgisayarli sivi-filtrasyon cihazinda mikrosizinti testi icin hazirlandi. Sizinti calismasindaki her bir ornekteki sivi hareketi olcumleri 15 saniye araliklarla 8 kez tekrarlandi ve bu olcumlerin ortalama degerleri kaydedildi [ µl / (dk * cmH2O * cm2) ]. Sizinti deneylerinden elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS 20 programi kullanildi. Bulgular: Elde edilen veriler tek yonlu ANOVA ve post-hoc Tukey testleri kullanilarak analiz edildi. Gruplar arasinda istatistiksel fark bulundu. En az sizinti internal matrix in 1mm genislikte ortograt uygulanan grupta goruldu. En fazla sizinti ise1.4mm acikliga sahip dislerde retrograt uygulamada gozlendi. MTA’nin internal matrix ile birlikte kullanildigi gruplarda ve MTA’nin iki asamali yerlestirildigi gruplarda sizinti miktari MTA’nin tek seferde yerlestirildigi gruplardan daha azdir. Sonuc: Calismamizda uyguladigimiz ortograt prosedurde internal matrix ile birlikte MTA uygulandiginda apikal sizinti degerleri en azdir. Klinik olarak bu metodun tercih edildigi durumlarda, cerrahi uygulama sayilari azaltilabilir ve daha az invaziv uygulamalarla tedaviler yapilabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Immatur dis, Mikrosizinti, MTA, Sivi filtrasyon Evaluation Of Apical Leakage of Different Apical Diameter Teeth Used MTA Combined With Internal Matrix ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of apical foramen diameter, and different application methods on the sealing ability of MTA using computerized fluid filtration device. Material and methods: 100 extracted human teeth were used for this study. In our study, apical foramen were prepared diameter of 1- 1.4 mm in width for to simulate the open apex with an immature teeth. MTA was mixed according to manufacturer's recommendations, and was placed into the root canals which have a different apical foramen diameter. by four different ways (retrograde way, two-phased ortograde way, and ortograde with or without internal matrix way). The teeth were prepared for the microleakage test with computerise fluid-filtration method. Measurements of fluid movement were made at intervals of 15-seconds and repeated 8 times and means of these measurements were recorded [ µl / (min * cmH 2 O * cm 2 ) ]. SPSS 20 software was used for statistical analysis of apical leakage of data. The data was analysed with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. Results: The amount of leakage in groups the internal matrix used together with MTA and two stages arranged MTA are less than the group placed one step MTA. Conclusion: In our study, less apical leakage was determined in performed ortograde procedure with internal matrix. When this method is prefered clinically, the cases can be treated by less invasive application and reducing the number of surgery. Key words : fluid filtration, immature tooth, leakage, MTA.

Due to their large size and fillet quality, yelloweye rockfish (YER) are a highly prized species in both commercial and recreational Alaska fisheries. Processing yields for YER are relatively low, thus by-product volume is significant at up to 77% of whole fish weight (WFW). The objective of this research was to characterize yields and determine proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) and amino acid profiles, lipid classes, cholesterol content, and mineral composition of YER heads and livers. Heads of YER were the major byproduct constituting 42% of WFW. YER livers made up only 2% of WFW. Livers contained high levels of lipids (28.5%) but were of small size, while lipid content of heads was 7.5%. Recovered oils were of high quality being predominantly triacylglycerols. Oils were similar in many aspects to oils from other demersal cold water marine finfish and were rich in omega-3 and omega-9 FA, and low in omega-6 FA. Protein content in heads and livers were 16% and 11.5%, respectively. Amino acid analysis revealed that the liver protein was of high quality. Mineral profile of livers was similar to values obtained from liver tissue from other cold water marine species. Overall, results indicated that YER by-products can be utilized for the production of good quality specialty ingredients that can be used as food and feed components.

The aim of this study was to compare femtosecond and Er:YAG laser systems with regard to enamel demineralization and bracket bond strength. Human-extracted premolars were randomized to three groups (n = 17) depending on the conditioning treatment used for the buccal surfaces: 37 % orthophosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser etching (MSP mode 120 mJ, 10 Hz, 1.2 W), and femtosecond laser etching (0.4 W, 800 nm, 90 fs/pulse, 1 kHz). Metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT to the conditioned surfaces and light cured for 20 s. The samples were thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5-55 °C) and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) testing using a universal testing machine. Failure types were analyzed under an optical stereomicroscope and SEM. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated to assess residual adhesive on the enamel surface. The results revealed no significant differences in SBS between the Er:YAG laser (7.2 ± 3.3 MPa) and acid etching groups (7.3 ± 2.7 MPa; p

Artificial intelligence (AI) is relatively new computational tools that have found extensive utilization in solving many complex real-world problems. AI has been utilized in a variety of applications ranging from modeling, classification, pattern recognition, and multivariate data analysis. Sample applications include numerical sign processing, control design, communication technologies; interpreting pyrolysis mass spectrometry, GC, and HPLC data, pattern recognition of DNA, RNA, protein structure, and microscopic images, prediction of microbial growth, biomass, and shelf life of food products, and identification of microorganisms and molecules. In food processing and engineering especially artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms techniques have been used to improve performance. Artificial intelligence techniques have been recently introduced as a tool for data analysis in food science and industry. AI has been used in food science and technology for classification, process modelling and optimization, quality control of foods prediction of dough rheological properties, classification of wine depending on anthocyanins content, prediction of the maximum or minimum temperature reached in the sample after pressurization and the time needed for thermal re-equilibration in the high-pressure food processing system, classification of fruits and vegetables according to their morphologic properties., Bilgi teknolojileri kullanma isteğiyle, araştırma ve uygulamalarda elde edilen bilginin toplanması, depolanması, sınıflanması, yönetimi ve kullanımını etkinleştirmek, kolaylaştırmak ve yaymak için araçlar, yöntemler geliştirmek ve kullanımını öğretmek amacında olan yapay zekâ (YZ) modelleme programları kullanılır hale gelmiştir. Bu programlar sayısal işaret işleme, kontrol tasarımı, haberleşmeden; GC, HPLC, kütle spektrofotometre datalarının analizi, RNA ve DNA tiplemesi, proteinlerin yapılarının tanımlanması, mikroskobik görüntülerin tanımlanması, biyokütle ve mikrobiyal gelişim tahminleri, gıdalarda raf ömrünün belirlenmesi, mikroorganizmaların tanımından molekül yapılarının belirlenmesine kadar birçok alanda kullanılabilmektedir. Gıda mühendisliğinde ise özellikle yapay sinir ağları (neural network), bulanık mantık (fuzzy logic) ve genetik algoritma (genetic algorithm) kullanılmaktadır. Gıdalarda ürün derecelendirme, sınıflandırma, proses modelleme ve optimizasyonu, kalite kontrolünün izlenmesi, görüntünün sayısal verilere dönüştürülmesi, ürün tasarımı, depolama sistemlerinin kontrolü, ürün rekoltesinin tahmini gibi alanlarda; endüstriyel ekmek mayası fermantasyonunda biokütle kestirimi, hamurun rheolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, gıdalarda ısı prosesi değerlendirmesinde, görünür gözeneklilik, sıcaklık ve nem içeriğine göre ısı geçirgenliği tahmininde, antosiyonin içeriklerinin belirlenerek şarapların sınıflandırılması, meyve, sebze ve kuruyemişlerin morfolojik özelliklerine göre sınıflandırılması vb. modelleme uygulamaları yapılmıştır.

WOS: 000355962800003, PubMed: 25736260, To evaluate the cytotoxicity of resin cements on dental pulp-derived cells (bDPCs), Bifix QM (BQM), Choice 2(C2), RelyX U200(RU200), Maxcem Elite(ME), and Multilink Automix(MA) were tested. The materials were incubated in DMEM for 72 h. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analyses used were one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer tests. BQM, RU200, and ME demonstrated a significant decrease in the bDPCs' index at 24 and 72 h (p

Channel catfish muscle was subjected to 2 novel protein extraction and precipitation techniques using acid (pH 2.5) or alkaline (pH 11) pH and compared with surimi processing (3 wash cycles). Solubility of catfish proteins was found to be highest at pH 2.5 and 11, and at these pH levels, viscosity was found to be low enough to cause separation of proteins from insoluble materials via centrifugation. Both the acid-aided and alkali-aided processes led to higher recoveries (P < 0.05) of protein and larger reduction (P < 0.05) in lipids compared with surimi processing. The protein recovery could be increased even more with a modified version of the acid-aided and alkali-aided processes. There was no hydrolytic breakdown detected during low and high pH. The acid-aided process recovered more protein types than the alkali-aided process during isolelectric precipitation (pH 5.5), which indicated that it led to more protein denaturation and thus more aggregation at pH 5.5. The alkali-aided process had more soluble proteins (including heme proteins) at isoelectric precipitation than the acid-aided process, and the soluble proteins were of the same type as the soluble proteins for non-pH-treated catfish muscle at pH 5.5. This suggested the alkali-aided process led to less denaturation than the acid-aided process. Both acid-aided and alkali-aided processes recovered proteins of higher (P < 0.05) whiteness scores than surimi. The alkali-aided process recovered proteins of higher whiteness (P < 0.05) than the acid-aided process. The acid-aided process led to higher yellowness (P < 0.05) than the other 2 processes. All processes led to minimal levels of lipid oxidation as assessed by secondary oxidation products.

In this study, we investigated the rate of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression in gastric (GC) and gastroesophageal junction cancers (GEJCs) and the relationship with HER2 expression and clinical, pathological parameters and prognosis. Surgery or biopsy specimen of 598 (436 males, 162 females) patients with GC or GEJC was evaluated for the presence of HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods. HER2 IHC scores were as follows: 418 (69.9 %) IHC 0, 58 (9.7 %) IHC 1+, 50 (8.4 %) IHC 2+, 72 (12 %) IHC 3+. Among 50 patients with IHC 2+, 18 (38.2 %) were FISH positive, and 29 (61.7 %) were FISH negative for HER2 amplification. Patients were regarded as HER2 positive in case of IHC 3+ disease or IHC 2+ disease with a positive FISH test result for HER2 amplification. In the primary analysis population, 90 (15 %) were considered HER2 positive. HER2 positivity was higher in intestinal GC compared to diffuse GC (16.9 vs 6.6 %, p = 0.014). HER2 positivity was significantly higher in well and moderately differentiated tumors than poorly differentiated tumors (p

Objective: To evaluate the marginal gap (MG) and absolute marginal discrepancy (MD) of full ceramic crowns with two finish line designs, shoulder and chamfer, using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) before and after cementation. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were divided into two groups based on the finish line design: Group I: 90° shoulder and Group II: 135° chamfer. The specimens were further grouped based on the type of full ceramic crown they received: Group A: Feldspathic Cerec inLab ceramic system, Group B: Cerec inLab aluminum oxide ceramic system and Group C: Lithium disilicate press ceramic system. Before cementation, five crowns from each group were scanned using micro-CT in two sections, sagittal and coronal, to determine the MG and MD values for four regions of the crown (sagittal buccal, sagittal lingual, coronal mesial and coronal distal). After cementation and thermal cycling, the scanning was repeated. Measurements were obtained from 10 points for each region, 80 points totally, to evaluate the MG and MD values. Files were processed using NRecon and CTAn software. Results were statistically analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P = 0.05). Results: Full ceramic systems showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation values. The Feldspathic Cerec inLab ceramic system generally presented the lowest variance, except in the MG values of the coronal mesial region. The MG and MD values of all ceramics increased significantly after cementation, except in the shoulder preparation design (sagittal buccal region) for MG and in the chamfer preparation design (sagittal lingual region) for MD values. Conclusions: Full-ceramic crowns showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation values. The Feldspathic Cerec inLab ceramic system (Vitablocs Mark II) generally presented the lowest variance when compared with the other ceramics, except for the MG values on the mesial surface of the coronal section.

Auricular defects may result from congenital malformations, injuries from motor vehicle crashes, trauma, or tumor resections. An auricular prosthesis was fabricated for a patient who had an injury from a motor vehicle crash. Extraoral implants and bar-and-clip retention for the proper connection of the auricular prosthesis to implant were used. This prosthesis was acceptable to the patient because of excellent support, retentive abilities, and the patient's appearance.

Background: To investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyze any relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Materials and Methods: EGFR gene exons 18-21 in 48 specimens of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from NSCLC patients were amplified by PCR, followed by direct sequencing and analysis of links to clinicopathological features and prognosis. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in 18 of 48 (42.6%) patients with NSCLC. There were 9 cases of mutations in exon 20, 7 in exon 19 and 2 in exon 21. Mutations were more frequently observed in women (5/7 pts, 71.4%) than in men (13/41 pts, 31.7%) (p=0.086) and in non-smokers (5/5 pts, 100%) than smokers (13/43 pts, 30.2%). There was negative correlation of EGFR mutations with smoking status (p=0.005). EGFR mutations were more frequently observed with adenocarcinoma histology (13/32 pts, 40.6%) than in other types (5/16 pts, 31.3%) (p=0.527). The patients with EGFR mutations had better survival than those with wild-type EGFR (p=0.08). There was no association of EGFR mutations with metastatic spread. Conclusions: EGFR mutations in NSCLC were here demonstrated more frequently in females, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma histology in the western region of Turkey. Patients with EGFR mutations have a better prognosis.

Çene veyüz defektleri konjenital, edinsel veya gelişimsel nedenler sonucu ortayaçıkabilir. Travmatik yaralanmalar veya konjenital malformasyonlar alveolarkemik ve yapışık mukoza kaybına bağlı olarak sert ve yumuşak doku defektlerinesebep olabilir. Defektli alanın restorasyonu klinisyen için çeşitli zorluklariçermektedir.Bu olgusunumunda mandibular defekte sahip iki hastanın farklı tedavi seçenekleri ileprotetik rehabilitasyonu anlatılmaktadır. Birinci olguda defektli alan dişdestekli sabit protez ile restoreedilirken, ikinci olguda defektli alan hareketli protez ile restore edildi. Hastalarınestetik ve fonsiyonel beklentileri karşılandı. Anahtar kelimeler: Maksillofasial defektler, Hareketli bölümlü protezler, Diş desteklisabit protezlerDİFFERENT TREATMENT OPTİONS İNPROSTHETİC REHABİLİTATİON OF PATİENTS WİTH MANDİBULAR DEFECTS: TWO CASE REPORTS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and morphology of zirconia after air abrasion and erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser application of different intensities.Although surface roughness is important to obtain micromechanical retention, it is unclear which surface treatment is most appropriate for zirconia.Fifty sintered zirconia specimens were divided into five groups (n=10). The following treatments were applied: control, Er:YAG laser irradiation with different energy intensities (200, 300, and 400 mJ), and air abrasion with aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) particles (110 μm). Morphologic changes after surface treatments were examined in microscope analyses. Then, the surface roughness (Ra in μm) of the specimens was evaluated using a surface texture measuring instrument. Roughness data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test (p=0.05).Results of microscope analyses revealed changes in surface morphology after surface treatments, including the formation of rare pits in the 400 mJ laser group and the formation of microretentive grooves in the air abrasion group. According to the results of the statistical analysis, the mean surface roughness value for the air abrasion group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p0.001). Except for the air abrasion group, there were no statistically significant differences within other groups (p0.05).According to the results of the statistical and microscopic analyses, 400 mJ Er:YAG laser energy or air abrasion can be used to obtain micromechanical retention prior to luting; however, air abrasion is the most effective surface treatment method.

BACKGROUND: An electronic nose (EN) was used to determine the effect of repeated impacts on changes in volatile characteristics of fresh blueberries during storage. Hand-harvested ‘Misty’ blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) were treated either as (1) undropped (control) fruits, (2) fruits poured six times from a picking bucket 200 mm into a plastic field lug or (3) fruits dropped as above ten times onto a steel surface. Fruits from all treatments were stored in vented polystyrene clamshell containers at 2 °C and 95% relative humidity. RESULTS: Repeated impacts caused no skin rupture or leakage after treatment or during storage. EN data were subjected to discriminant function analysis to classify samples by treatment at days 0, 2, 10, 17 and 24 (n = 5 per treatment). Correct classification rates (CCRs) for days 0, 2, 10, 17 and 24 were 0, 100, 100, 100 and 100% respectively. On day 0 there was no significant difference in sample volatiles, and CCRs for all treatments and storage times ranged from 80 to 100%. Cross-validation rates for different treatments and storage times ranged from 75 to 100%. CONCLUSION: The EN could be a useful tool to estimate the effect of impacts incurred during blueberry handling on quality based on changes in volatile characteristics. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Malignant tumors of the nose occasionally require rhinectomy. Facial defects can cause not only functional problems but also some serious physchological problems that could cause the individual to avoid social contact. In view of this, the first aim of maxillofacial rehabilitation should be solving esthetic problems. Implant retained prostheses can give good esthetic results. Predictable biomechanical retention of nasal prostheses can be achieved using osseointegrated implants and intra-oral and craniofacial implants have been used previously. These prostheses are tissue compatible, simple in design and easy to place, can be worn independently of spectacles and in the majority of cases can be provided soon after surgical excision. In this case report, a nasal prosthesis was fabricated for a patient who lost his nose due to the basal cell carcinoma. Extra-oral implants and magnet retention for the proper connection of the nasal prosthesis were used. This prosthesis was acceptable for the patient because of excellent support, retentive abilities and the patient's appearance.

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) to repairing acrylic or acrylic artificial teeth which applied to four different surface treatments. Materials and Methods: Fourty molar acrylic denture teeth were ground on the ridge lap area with a water sand paper to provide a uniform surface for bonding. Acrylic teeth embedded in cold cured acrylic resin and specimens were randomly seperated into four roups (n = 10), according to the urface treatments applied; 1-Control, 2-Air abrasion, 3-Er-YAG laser and 4-Femtosecond laser. The cold cured acrylic resin (Vertex self curing) was then mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and injected into the Teflon tubes with an internal diameter and height of 4 and 3 mm, respectively. The SBS of the acrylic denture teeth was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Acrylic denture teeth bonding areas were observed with a stereomicroscope to identify the mode of fracture. Results: The data were evaluated statistically Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann Whitney U-tests with bonferronni correction. There were no statistically significant difference of mean bond strengths for shear tests among control, Er-YAG and Femtosecond laser application groups. But the highest SBS values were found for air abrasion groups. Conclusion: A quick and simple air abrasion surface treatment technique could be an effective option for denture repair.