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Pinnatella enrothiana Manju, J.Muñoz, Sruthi, Mufeed & K.P.Rajesh, sp. nov. (Neckeraceae) is described from the evergreen habitats of the Western Ghats of Kerala, India, and illustrations are provided. This new species of moss has some resemblance to the species P. minuta (Mitt.) Broth., P. amblyphylla Enroth and P. kuehliana (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.Fleisch., but it differs from all of them in lacking a stem central strand, and in having entire leaves with partly bistratose margins at midleaf. An identification key to the Indian species of Pinnatella s.s. is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudanomodon attenuatus, previously known as Anomodon attenuatus Hedw., is very rare in Britain. In this study, its population status and ecology in England were investigated. Located along the River Eden, Cumbria, the three previously known sites for the species in England were surveyed, plus three potential sites along the river. Abundance was evaluated in terms of 'individual-equivalents', each defined as an occupied 1 m grid cell, when the moss was growing on rock, or an occupied tree, when it was epiphytic. Geographical coordinates of each individual-equivalent were recorded with a GPS unit. Habitat and community composition were recorded by relevés. The species was found at each previously known site and a new site. A total of 127 individual-equivalents were found, and the actual total along the 10.4 km of riverbank surveyed was estimated to be 140–200 individual-equivalents. Along the whole River Eden may be as many as 250–1000 individual-equivalents, because significant amounts of potential habitat remain unsurveyed. The population is confined to the middle to upper inundation zone of the riverbank. About half of individual-equivalents occur on trees and about half on calcareous sandstone. Most trees are Alnus glutinosa; others include Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur and Ulmus glabra. Common associates are Anomodon viticulosus, Didymodon insulanus, Homalia trichomanoides and Thamnobryum alopecurum. Reasons for the extreme rarity of P. attenuatus in Britain are uncertain and deserve investigation, as does its confinement to a narrow riparian niche, which appears untypical of P. attenuatus across most of its world range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Many natural compounds have been identified and synthesized by the advancement of bryophytes phytochemistry studies. This work aimed to report the composition of Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt moss volatiles, sampled in the Combú Island, Belém city, Pará state, Brazil. The volatile concentrate of N. undulata was obtained by a simultaneous distillation-extraction micro-system, analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and reported for the first time. Results Ten compounds were identified in the volatile concentrate, corresponding to 91.6% of the total, being 1-octen-3-ol (35.7%), α-muurolol (21.4%), naphthalene (11.3%), and n-hexanal (10.0 %) the main constituents. Most of the constituents of the N. undulata volatile concentrate have been previously identified in other mosses, and liverworts spread wide in the world. Conclusions 1-Octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, 2-ethylhexanol, isoamyl propionate, and octan-3-one are already known metabolic products obtained from enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, belonging to the large family of minor oxygenated compounds known as oxylipins. The knowledge of the composition of volatiles from moss N. undulata could contribute to the Neckeraceae species’ chemotaxonomy.

ABSTRACT Porotrichum squarrosum has never been reported from Brazil and it is a new record. While revising herbarium specimens we found a specimen named Pireella squarrosa (currently Porotrichum), identified by Massimo Mastracci. We have compared this specimen with records from literature and several hundreds of specimens and found that among specimens previously determined as P. substriatum several belong to P. squarrosum. These taxa are a quite common in Brazil ranging from Amazon, Atlantic Forest to Cerrado phytogeographical domains at elevations from near sea level to about 600 m. These taxa are fast differentiated by the squarrose leaves, spur costa at back and absence of stem central strand in P. squarrosum against to complanate leaves, without spurowed costa at back and presence of central strand in P. substriatum.

Introducción y objetivos: Se presenta una lista de musgos registrados en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara (Buenos Aires, Argentina) con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento sobre la distribución de las especies presentes en el país. M&M: Los especímenes fueron recolectados e identificados de acuerdo a los criterios taxonómicos convencionales y depositados en el Herbario del Instituto Spegazzini (LPS). Registros del Servicio de Información sobre la Diversidad Biológica Mundial (GBIF) fueron consultados como fuente de información sobre la distribución de las especies. Resultados: Como resultado de este estudio se identificaron 15 especies de musgos pertenecientes a 11 familias en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara. Se cita por primera vez para Argentina la especie Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) E. Britton y el género Thamnomalia Olsson, Enroth & Quandt, representado por Thamnomalia glabella (Hedw.) Olsson, Enroth & Quandt. Discusión y Conclusiones: En este trabajo se registran dos nuevas citas para la Argentina y 11 nuevas menciones para la provincia de Buenos Aires. Varias de las especies recolectadas son tropicales, ampliando su distribución hacia regiones templadas.

Background and aims: A list of mosses recorded in Punta Lara Natural Reserve (Buenos Aires, Argentina) is presented, increasing the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of mosses in the country. M&M: The specimens were collected and identified according to conventional taxonomic criteria and deposited in the Herbarium of the Spegazzini Institute (LPS). Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) records were consulted as a source of information about the species distribution. Results: Fifteen species of mosses distributed in 11 families were identified in Punta Lara Natural Reserve. The genus Thamnomalia Olsson, Enroth & Quandt, represented by Thamnomalia glabella (Hedw.) Olsson, Enroth & Quandt and the species Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) E. Britton are recorded for the first time for Argentina. Discussion and Conclusions: Two species are new records for Argentina and 11 species are recorded for the first time for Buenos Aires province. Several species are tropical, extending their distribution towards temperate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, DPPH and fatty acid contents were investigated of some taxa belonging to Neckeraceae (Alleniella complanata, Alleniella besseri, Exsertotheca crispa) and Hypnaceae (Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum resupinatum, Hypnum andoi) family collected from Kamilet Valley (Artvin-Arhavi) in 2017. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method developed by Brand-Williams et al. The fatty acids in extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography after transforming them into methyl esters. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the DPPH scavenging effects of taxa from Hypnaceae family were significantly higher than those of taxa from Neckeraceae family, and that the free radical scavenging effects of taxa from Hypnaceae family varied depending on the amount of extract. The saturated fatty acids content of the Neckeraceae and the unsaturated fatty acids of the Hypnaceae were found to be richer (p<0.001). The high DPPH activity in our study, especially in Hypnum species, suggested that Hypnum species were richer in terms of phenolic content. These compounds can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors, if both of these species are phenolic and fatty acid content can be obtained as pure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many natural compounds have been identified and synthesized by the advancement of bryophytes phytochemistry studies. This work aimed to report the composition of Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt moss volatiles, sampled in the Combú Island, Belém city, Pará state, Brazil. The volatile concentrate of N. undulata was obtained by a simultaneous distillation-extraction micro-system, analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and reported for the first time. Results: Ten compounds were identified in the volatile concentrate, corresponding to 91.6% of the total, being 1-octen-3-ol (35.7%), α-muurolol (21.4%), naphthalene (11.3%), and n-hexanal (10.0 %) the main constituents. Most of the constituents of the N. undulata volatile concentrate have been previously identified in other mosses, and liverworts spread wide in the world. Conclusions: 1-Octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, 2-ethylhexanol, isoamyl propionate, and octan-3-one are already known metabolic products obtained from enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, belonging to the large family of minor oxygenated compounds known as oxylipins. The knowledge of the composition of volatiles from moss N. undulata could contribute to the Neckeraceae species' chemotaxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent collections of Heterocladium flaccidum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm. in Tunisia and in Georgia (Caucasus) represent the first records of this species both in Africa and Asia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of samples from France, Great Britain, Tunisia and Georgia placed the species in a maximally supported clade sister to or nested in other species of Heterocladium s.str., i.e., excluding recently segregated Heterocladiella species. This genetic distinction of H. flaccidum from H. heteropterum (Brid.) Schimp., found in separate analyses of ITS and trnS-F markers, strongly supports the specific recognition of H. flaccidum. Representative African and Asian specimens are illustrated and described. Ecological and chorological details are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: The distribution and performance of bryophyte species vary with vertical gradients, as a result of changes in environmental factors, especially light. However, the morphological and physiological drivers of bryophyte distribution along forest vertical gradients are poorly understood. Methods: For 18 species of mosses and liverworts distributed among three vertical microhabitats (ground, tree trunk, and branch, variance in 28 morphological and photosynthetic functional traits was comparatively analyzed among the microhabitats and bryophyte life‐forms in a subtropical cloud forest in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan, southwestern China. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize trait differences among bryophyte species. Results: In contrast to trunk and ground dwellers, branch dwellers tended to reduce light interception (smaller leaf and cell sizes, lower chlorophyll content), protect against damage from intense irradiation (higher ratios of carotenoids to chlorophyll), raise light energy use (higher photosynthetic capacity), and cope with lower environmental moisture (pendant life‐forms, thicker cell walls). The PCA showed that ecological strategies of bryophytes in response to levels of irradiation were specialized in branch dwellers, although those of ground and trunk dwellers were less distinct. Conclusions: Environmental filtering shaped the combination of functional traits and the spatial distribution of bryophytes along the vertical gradients. Bryophyte species from the upper canopy of cloud forests show narrow variation in functional traits in high‐light intensity, whereas species in the lower vertical strata associated with low‐light intensity used contrasting, but more diverse ecological strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxiphyllum arcuatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S.He is transferred to Isodrepanium based on morphological and molecular data. The systematic position of Isodrepanium is discussed in the present paper. Isodrepanium may not be placed into Neckeraceae; however, its exact systematic position has not been resolved and requires further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, active components of bryophytes were extracted from the samples collected from Mount Ida (Canakkale- Turkey). Three different extraction methods (Soxhlet, supercritical fluid extraction-SFE, Soxhlet after SFE) were employed for 2016 samples while direct Soxhlet extraction was carried out for 2017 samples using methanol as extracting solvent. Initially, antioxidant activity tests of the crude extracts were performed for all the samples. Antioxidant properties were determined to be fairly weak or moderate in the majority of the species studied. Marchantia polymorpha (T1), a liverwort, showed high extraction yield and antioxidant activity. Similarly, high activity was detected in Hypnum cupressiforme (T9) and Neckera complanata (T10) species. The antioxidant capacity of the tested species often sheds light on other activities. Antimicrobial properties were also tested for all extracts obtained in 2017. Thuidium tamariscinum (T8) was positive against Acinetobacter haemolyticus ATCC 19002 bactericin; T1 and Isothceum myurum (T11) were positive against Bacillus subtilis TCC6633 bacteria and all other species were negative. Following these results, we have concentrated on the most active species and carried out antitumoral tests. Again, fractioned polar isolate of T1 was the only antiproliferative species against HeLa and A549 lung cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present part of the series of miscellaneous new records provides the second recent record of Entodon concinnus in Hungary and reports Neckera pennata for the first time in Zselic (SW Hungary). The third record of Glandularia xhybrida, an escaped ornamental plant and also the second record of Sporobolus neglectus a spreading adventive species are given here from Hungary. The report confirms the occurrence of Sternbergia colchiciflora from Külső-Somogy region, and old uncertain data of Bupleurum pachnospermum from the Western-Mezőföld region. Parietaria judaica from Nagykanizsa is the first report of the species in Western Transdanubia. As a result of herbarium revision, the status of Pyrola media is re-evaluated as actually missing and probably erroneously reported from Hungary. The occurrence of the adventive Asarina procumbens in Budapest is confirmed, amended with the adventive status and phenological information on the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereophyllum linisii Enroth & B.C.Tan (Stereophyllaceae), a rheophytic species, is transferred as Pseudoparaphysanthus linisii (Enroth & B.C.Tan) S.He, Sukkharak & Chantanaorr. (Neckeraceae). The new combination belongs to the recently segregated genus that was established among Neckeropsis sect. Pseudoparaphysanthus. The species has recently been discovered in Thailand and thus new to mainland South-east Asia, representing the first record outside the type locality in the Philippines. Along with the description based on the Thai collection, light microscope photographs of the features of morphological importance and line drawings of the phyllotaxy of this species as well as a key to the genus Pseudoparaphysanthus are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwanobryum undulatifolium (Tixier) W.Z.Ma, Enroth & Shevock is proposed as a new combination, based on the morphological characters of the newly discovered capsules. Lack of cross-striolate ornamentation at the exostome base, long-exserted capsules and mammillose setae are the most important sporophytic characters that support the generic transfer from Neckera. A detailed description and photomicrographs are provided for the sporophyte and perichaetial leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new distributional records of five Chinese species of Neckera Hedw.: N. bhutanensis Nog. (new to Sichuan and Yunnan), N. borealis Nog. (new to Xinjiang), N. himalayana Mitt. (Yunnan, new to China), N. setschwanica Broth. (new to Bhutan), and N. xizangensis Enroth (new to Sichuan and Yunnan, the first reports of the species since type material from Xizang). Maps showing the distributions of the treated species in China and an updated key to the Chinese species of Neckera sensu lato are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomodon perlingulatus Broth. ex P.C. Wu & Y. Jia and Curvicladium kurzii (Kindberg) Enroth are reported as rheophytic mosses for the first time in China. They were so rarely collected that their habitat preferences remained unknown. The newly obtained specimens have expanded our understanding on their morphological variability and ecological preferences. After re-examining the type specimen held in H, the large size of median cells in A. perlingulatus is confirmed to be a measurement error made in the original description. An updated description is provided. Both A. perlingulatus and C. kurzii can be categorized as facultative rheophytes because of the limited number of specimens collected so far. We anticipate that with a better understanding of potential habitats of both species, that more occurrences in the neighboring provinces are likely to be discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation experiments with Neckera pennata and Lobaria pulmonaria were conducted in nemoral Woodland Key Habitat and managed forest (in total 38 trees) in Latvia. Elastic cotton bandage was the best method for the present transplantation experiments. Dispersal and establishment limitation were found to be crucial for N. pennata and L. pulmonaria distribution between forest stands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive evolution has often been proposed to explain correlations between habitats and certain phenotypes. In mosses, a high frequency of species with specialized sporophytic traits in exposed or epiphytic habitats was, already 100 years ago, suggested as due to adaptation. We tested this hypothesis by contrasting phylogenetic and morphological data from two moss families, Neckeraceae and Lembophyllaceae, both of which show parallel shifts to a specialized morphology and to exposed epiphytic or epilithic habitats. Phylogeny-based tests for correlated evolution revealed that evolution of four sporophytic traits is correlated with a habitat shift. For three of them, evolutionary rates of dual character-state changes suggest that habitat shifts appear prior to changes in morphology. This suggests that they could have evolved as adaptations to new habitats. Regarding the fourth correlated trait the specialized morphology had already evolved before the habitat shift. In addition, several other specialized "epiphytic" traits show no correlation with a habitat shift. Besides adaptive diversification, other processes thus also affect the match between phenotype and environment. Several potential factors such as complex genetic and developmental pathways yielding the same phenotypes, differences in strength of selection, or constraints in phenotypic evolution may lead to an inability of phylogeny-based comparative methods to detect potential adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pleurocarpous moss genus Forsstroemia (Neckeraceae) that was taxonomically revised in 1987 on morphological grounds is now revisited using sequence data from two plastid regions (rps4-trnF and rpl16) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and 2). The taxon sampling comprises 11 out of 13 species and a representative set of Neckeraceae and Lembophyllaceae taxa as outgroups. Forsstroemia japonica was placed next to Shevockia inunctocarpa in a clade only remotely related to Forsstroemia. Thus, F. japonica is transferred to Shevockia. Forsstroemia remotifolia is renamed as Leptodon remotifolius and Pseudopterobryum tenuicuspis as Forsstroemia tenuicuspis (syn. F. tripinnata). The nine species in Forsstroemia form a monophyletic group, six of the species being restricted to Asia, one (F. coronata) to South America, and two (F. producta and F. trichomitria) having a wider distribution. A previously suggested hybrid origin for F. coronata was not supported by the sequence data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edges in landscapes have an effect on the abundance of many species but the underlying ecological mechanisms are poorly known for most taxonomic groups. One way to gain insight into the mechanisms is to examine how key demographic or metapopulation parameters are affected by proximity to edge. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of edge creation through clearcutting on the dynamics of forest species' metapopulations. We used the red-listed epiphytic moss Neckera pennata as a model species. Based on data from repeated surveys of a metapopulation and its host tree network in a hemiboreal forest, we tested the effect of edge creation on key metapopulation parameters: rates of local colonization and extinction, local abundance growth and patch destruction through the fall of host trees. We predicted the long-term consequences of the edge effects using simulations with Bayesian statistical models. We also explored the potential effects of the pathogen Chalara fraxinea causing ash dieback, a tree disease currently spreading in Europe. The colonization probability on host trees unoccupied by the moss increased with increasing connectivity to occupied trees. The growth of local populations on occupied trees decreased with increasing proximity to edge, and with initial local abundance. Stochastic extinctions of the epiphyte from standing trees were very rare and only occurred near the edge; most of the observed extinctions were deterministic due to tree fall. Tree fall decreased with increasing distance from the edge into the forest, and with increasing tree diameter. Under edge conditions, simulations predicted decreases in the total number of host trees, number of occupied host trees, and in the total abundance of the epiphyte over a 30-year period. We suggest that ash dieback increases the tree fall rate and thereby the local extinction rate, leading to increased metapopulation extinction risk. Synthesis and applications. The results show that small protected forest areas such as woodland key habitats may not allow long-term persistence of red-listed epiphytes if they are influenced by edge creation through clearcutting. Delineating uncut buffers of 50-100 m around the protected areas may alleviate such effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]