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In this paper, we apply optimal perturbations to control mathematical models of infectious diseases expressed as systems of nonlinear differential equations with delayed independent variables. We develop the method for calculation of perturbations of the initial state of a dynamical system with delayed independent variable producing maximal amplification in the given local norm taking into account weights of perturbation components. For the model of experimental virus infection, we construct optimal perturbation for two types of stationary states, with low or high viral load, corresponding to different variants of chronic virus infection flow., CONTENTS 1. Introduction 618 2. Optimal Perturbations of Stationary Solutions of Dynamical Systems 620 3. Mathematical Models of Virus Infections and Pharmakokinetics of Drugs 622 4. Optimal Perturbations of Stationary [...]