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1. SEIS: Insight’s Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

Author

Lognonné, P, Banerdt, WB, Giardini, D, Pike, WT, Christensen, U, Laudet, P, de Raucourt, S, Zweifel, P, Calcutt, S, Bierwirth, M, Hurst, KJ, Ijpelaan, F, Umland, JW, Llorca-Cejudo, R, Larson, SA, Garcia, RF, Kedar, S, Knapmeyer-Endrun, B, Mimoun, D, Mocquet, A, Panning, MP, Weber, RC, Sylvestre-Baron, A, Pont, G, Verdier, N, Kerjean, L, Facto, LJ, Gharakanian, V, Feldman, JE, Hoffman, TL, Klein, DB, Klein, K, Onufer, NP, Paredes-Garcia, J, Petkov, MP, Willis, JR, Smrekar, SE, Drilleau, M, Gabsi, T, Nebut, T, Robert, O, Tillier, S, Moreau, C, Parise, M, Aveni, G, Ben Charef, S, Bennour, Y, Camus, T, Dandonneau, PA, Desfoux, C, Lecomte, B, Pot, O, Revuz, P, Mance, D, tenPierick, J, Bowles, NE, Charalambous, C, Delahunty, AK, Hurley, J, Irshad, R, Liu, Huafeng, Mukherjee, AG, Standley, IM, Stott, AE, Temple, J, Warren, T, Eberhardt, M, Kramer, A, Kühne, W, Miettinen, E-P, Monecke, M, Aicardi, C, André, M, Baroukh, J, Borrien, A, Bouisset, A, Boutte, P, Brethomé, K, Brysbaert, C, Carlier, T, Deleuze, M, Desmarres, JM, Dilhan, D, Doucet, C, Faye, D, Faye-Refalo, N, Gonzalez, R, Imbert, C, Larigauderie, C, Locatelli, E, Luno, L, Meyer, J-R, Mialhe, F, Mouret, JM, Nonon, M, Pahn, Y, Paillet, A, Pasquier, P, Perez, G, and Perez, R

Subjects
Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mars seismology, InSight, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars' surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking's Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼2500 at 1 Hz and ∼200000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars' surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of Mw∼3 at 40∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

2. Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic structure of Mars from InSight seismic data

Author

Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W. B., Pike, W. T., Giardini, D., Christensen, U., Garcia, R. F., Kawamura, T., Kedar, S., Knapmeyer-Endrun, B., Margerin, L., Nimmo, F., Panning, M., Tauzin, B., Scholz, J.-R., Antonangeli, D., Barkaoui, S., Beucler, E., Bissig, F., Brinkman, N., Calvet, M., Ceylan, S., Charalambous, C., Davis, P., van Driel, M., Drilleau, M., Fayon, L., Joshi, R., Kenda, B., Khan, A., Knapmeyer, M., Lekic, V., McClean, J., Mimoun, D., Murdoch, N., Pan, L., Perrin, C., Pinot, B., Pou, L., Menina, S., Rodriguez, S., Schmelzbach, C., Schmerr, N., Sollberger, D., Spiga, A., Stähler, S., Stott, A., Stutzmann, E., Tharimena, S., Widmer-Schnidrig, R., Andersson, F., Ansan, V., Beghein, C., Böse, M., Bozdag, E., Clinton, J., Daubar, I., Delage, P., Fuji, N., Golombek, M., Grott, M., Horleston, A., Hurst, K., Irving, J., Jacob, A., Knollenberg, J., Krasner, S., Krause, C., Lorenz, R., Michaut, C., Myhill, R., Nissen-Meyer, T., ten Pierick, J., Plesa, A.-C., Quantin-Nataf, C., Robertsson, J., Rochas, L., Schimmel, M., Smrekar, S., Spohn, T., Teanby, N., Tromp, J., Vallade, J., Verdier, N., Vrettos, C., Weber, R., Banfield, D., Barrett, E., Bierwirth, M., Calcutt, S., Compaire, N., Johnson, C.L., Mance, D., Euchner, F., Kerjean, L., Mainsant, G., Mocquet, A., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A, Pont, G., Laudet, P., Nebut, T., de Raucourt, S., Robert, O., Russell, C. T., Sylvestre-Baron, A., Tillier, S., Warren, T., Wieczorek, M., Yana, C., and Zweifel, P.

Published
2020
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4. Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic structure of Mars from InSight seismic data

Author

Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), California Institute of Technology, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W. B., Pike, William T., Giardini, Domenico, Christensen, U., Garcia, R. F., Kawamura, T., Kedar, S., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Margerin, L., Nimmo, F., Daubar, I., Delage, P., Fuji, N., Golombek, M., Grott, M., Horleston, A., Hurst, K., Irving, J., Jacob, A., Knollenberg, J., Krasner, S., Krause, C., Lorenz, R., Michaut, C., Myhill, Robert, Nissen-Meyer, T., ten Pierick, J., Plesa, A. C., Quantin-Nataf, C., Robertsson, J., Rochas, L., Schimmel, Martin, Smrekar, S., Spohn, T., Teanby, N., Tromp, J., Vallade, J., Verdier, N., Vrettos, C., Weber, R., Banfield, D., Barrett, E., Bierwirth, M., Calcutt, S., Compaire, N., Johnson, C. L., Mance, D., Euchner, F., Kerjean, L., Mainsant, G., Mocquet, A., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A., Pont, G., Laudet, P., Nebut, T., de Raucourt, S., Robert, O., Russell, C. T., Sylvestre-Baron, A., Tillier, S., Warren, T., Wieczorek, M., Yana, C., Zweifel, P., Panning, M., Tauzin, B., Scholz, J. R., Antonangeli, D., Barkaoui, S., Beucler, E., Bissig, F., Brinkman, N., Calvet, M., Ceylan, S., Charalambous, C., Davis, P., van Driel, M., Drilleau, M., Fayon, L., Joshi, R., Kenda, B., Khan, A., Knapmeyer, M., Lekic, Vedran, McClean, J., Mimoun, D., Murdoch, N., Pan, L., Perrin , C., Pinot, B, Pou, L., Menina, S., Rodríguez, S., Schmelzbach, C., Schmerr, N., Sollberger, D., Spiga, A., Stähler, S., Stott, A., Stutzmann, E., Tharimena, S., Widmer-Schnidrig, R., Andersson, F., Ansan, V., Beghein, C., Böse, M., Bozdag, E., Clinton, John F., Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), California Institute of Technology, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W. B., Pike, William T., Giardini, Domenico, Christensen, U., Garcia, R. F., Kawamura, T., Kedar, S., Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Margerin, L., Nimmo, F., Daubar, I., Delage, P., Fuji, N., Golombek, M., Grott, M., Horleston, A., Hurst, K., Irving, J., Jacob, A., Knollenberg, J., Krasner, S., Krause, C., Lorenz, R., Michaut, C., Myhill, Robert, Nissen-Meyer, T., ten Pierick, J., Plesa, A. C., Quantin-Nataf, C., Robertsson, J., Rochas, L., Schimmel, Martin, Smrekar, S., Spohn, T., Teanby, N., Tromp, J., Vallade, J., Verdier, N., Vrettos, C., Weber, R., Banfield, D., Barrett, E., Bierwirth, M., Calcutt, S., Compaire, N., Johnson, C. L., Mance, D., Euchner, F., Kerjean, L., Mainsant, G., Mocquet, A., Rodriguez Manfredi, J. A., Pont, G., Laudet, P., Nebut, T., de Raucourt, S., Robert, O., Russell, C. T., Sylvestre-Baron, A., Tillier, S., Warren, T., Wieczorek, M., Yana, C., Zweifel, P., Panning, M., Tauzin, B., Scholz, J. R., Antonangeli, D., Barkaoui, S., Beucler, E., Bissig, F., Brinkman, N., Calvet, M., Ceylan, S., Charalambous, C., Davis, P., van Driel, M., Drilleau, M., Fayon, L., Joshi, R., Kenda, B., Khan, A., Knapmeyer, M., Lekic, Vedran, McClean, J., Mimoun, D., Murdoch, N., Pan, L., Perrin , C., Pinot, B, Pou, L., Menina, S., Rodríguez, S., Schmelzbach, C., Schmerr, N., Sollberger, D., Spiga, A., Stähler, S., Stott, A., Stutzmann, E., Tharimena, S., Widmer-Schnidrig, R., Andersson, F., Ansan, V., Beghein, C., Böse, M., Bozdag, E., and Clinton, John F.

Abstract

Mars’s seismic activity and noise have been monitored since January 2019 by the seismometer of the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander. At night, Mars is extremely quiet; seismic noise is about 500 times lower than Earth’s microseismic noise at periods between 4 s and 30 s. The recorded seismic noise increases during the day due to ground deformations induced by convective atmospheric vortices and ground-transferred wind-generated lander noise. Here we constrain properties of the crust beneath InSight, using signals from atmospheric vortices and from the hammering of InSight’s Heat Flow and Physical Properties (HP3) instrument, as well as the three largest Marsquakes detected as of September 2019. From receiver function analysis, we infer that the uppermost 8–11 km of the crust is highly altered and/or fractured. We measure the crustal diffusivity and intrinsic attenuation using multiscattering analysis and find that seismic attenuation is about three times larger than on the Moon, which suggests that the crust contains small amounts of volatiles.

Published
2020

5. SEIS: Overview, Deployment, and First Science on the Ground

Author

Lognonné, P., Banerdt, W. B., Pike, W. T., Giardini, Domenico, Banfield, D., Christensen, U., Bierwirth, M., S. Calcutt, S., Clinton, John F., Kedar, S., Garcia, R., de Raucourt, S., Hurst, K., Kawamura, T., Mimoun, D., Panning, M., Spiga, A., Zweifel, P., Beucler, E., Verdier, N. Ceylan, S., Charalambous, C., Drilleau, M., Eberhardt, M., Fayon, L., Gabsi, T., Kenda, B., Kramer, A., Mainsant, G., Mance, D., McClean, J., Murdoch, N., Nebut, T., Pardo, C., Perrin, C., Robert, O., Savoie, D., Schimmel, Martin, Stähler, S., Stutzmann, E., Stott, A., Ten Pierick, J., Tillier, S., van Driel, M., Warren, T., and Widmer-Schnidrig, R.

Subjects
Mars, The InSight mission
Abstract

The 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas, March 18–22, 2019., Introduction: The InSight mission landed on Mars on November, 26, 2018. This is the first planetary mission designed to deploy a complete geophysical observatory on Mars, following in the footsteps of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) deployed on the Moon in the 1970s [1]. It will thus provide the first ground truth constraints on interior structure of the planet. The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) [2] is one of three primary scientific investigations, the others being the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) [3] and the Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE) [4]. SEIS is supported by the APSS package, (Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite, [5]), whose goal is to document environmental sources of seismic noise and signals, as well as an imaging system [6]. After a brief description of the SEIS experiment, we will describe the deployment process, including the evolution of the SEIS noise from the deck (with only SPs) to the ground (with both VBBs and SPs), first without and finally with wind shield. We will then discuss early scientific observations, providing first constrains on the Mars micro-seismic noise, atmospherically-generated seismic signals, and surface and subsurface elastic structure., The SEIS team acknowledge the supports of NASA, CNES, UKSA, SSO and DLR for the experiment funding and of the SEIS operation team [38] for delivering SEIS data.

Published
2019

6. Development of broadband seismometer onboard lunar landing module

Author

Nebut, T., Mimoun, D., Lognonne, P., Shiraishi, Hiroaki, Yamada, Ryuhei, Tanaka, Satoshi, Fujimura, Akio, Murakami, Hideki, Kobayashi, Naoki, and Takeuchi, Nozomu

Subjects
周波数応答, LUNAR-A, bandwidth, noise reduction, 比例積分偏差制御, measuring instrument, lunar landing module, 測定装置, PID制御, feedback control, seismograph, 地震計, 月着陸モジュール, PID control, 広帯域, frequency response, proportional integral derivation control, 月震計, 月震, broadband, 帯域幅, フィードバック制御, 雑音低減, moonquake, lunar seismograph
Abstract

資料番号: AA0063719009

Published
2008

7. 月軟着陸機搭載用広帯域地震計の開発

Author

Shiraishi, Hiroaki, Yamada, Ryuhei, Tanaka, Satoshi, Fujimura, Akio, Murakami, Hideki, Kobayashi, Naoki, Takeuchi, Nozomu, Nebut, T., Mimoun, D., Lognonne, P., 白石 浩章, 山田 竜平, 田中 智, 藤村 彰夫, 村上 英記, 小林 直樹, 竹内 希, Shiraishi, Hiroaki, Yamada, Ryuhei, Tanaka, Satoshi, Fujimura, Akio, Murakami, Hideki, Kobayashi, Naoki, Takeuchi, Nozomu, Nebut, T., Mimoun, D., Lognonne, P., 白石 浩章, 山田 竜平, 田中 智, 藤村 彰夫, 村上 英記, 小林 直樹, and 竹内 希

Published
2015

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