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2. Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting - nanophotonic circuits

Author

Kahl, O., Ferrari, S., Kovalyuk, V., Vetter, A., Lewes-Malandrakis, G., Nebel, C., Korneev, A., Goltsman, G., and Pernice, W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip.

Published
2016

3. Diamond electro-optomechanical resonators integrated in nanophotonic circuits

Author

Rath, P., Ummethala, S., Diewald, S., Lewes-Malandrakis, G., Brink, D., Heidrich, N., Nebel, C., and Pernice, W. H. P.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Diamond integrated photonic devices are promising candidates for emerging applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. Here we demonstrate active modulation of diamond nanophotonic circuits by exploiting mechanical degrees of freedom in free-standing diamond electro-optomechanical resonators. We obtain high quality factors up to 9600, allowing us to read out the driven nanomechanical response with integrated optical interferometers with high sensitivity. We are able to excite higher order mechanical modes up to 115 MHz and observe the nanomechanical response also under ambient conditions., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

Published
2014
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4. High-Q optomechanical circuits made from polished nanocrystalline diamond thin films

Author

Ummethala, S., Rath, P., Lewes-Malandrakis, G., Brink, D., Nebel, C., and Pernice, W. H. P.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate integrated optomechanical circuits with high mechanical quality factors prepared from nanocrystalline diamond thin films. Using chemomechanical polishing, the RMS surface roughness of as grown polycrystalline diamond films is reduced below 3nm to allow for the fabrication of high-quality nanophotonic circuits. By integrating free-standing nanomechanical resonators into integrated optical devices, efficient read-out of the thermomechanical motion of diamond resonators is achieved with on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Mechanical quality factors up to 28,800 are measured for four-fold clamped optomechanical resonators coupled to the evanescent near-field of nanophotonic waveguides. Our platform holds promise for large-scale integration of optomechanical circuits for on-chip metrology and sensing applications.

Published
2014
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7. Calculation of Horizontal Stabilizer Efficiency with a Navier-Stokes Code

Author

Nebel, C., Hummel, D., Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich, editor, Fujii, Kozo, editor, Haase, Werner, editor, van Leer, Bram, editor, Leschziner, Michael A., editor, Pandolfi, Maurizio, editor, Periaux, Jaques, editor, Rizzi, Arthur, editor, Roux, Bernard, editor, Wagner, Siegfried, editor, Rist, Ulrich, editor, Heinemann, Hans-Joachim, editor, and Hilbig, Reinhard, editor

Published
2002
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10. Multigenerational pedigree analysis of wild individually marked black sparrowhawks suggests that dark plumage coloration is a dominant autosomal trait

Author

Nebel, C., Sumasgutner, P., Rodseth, E., Ingle, R.A., Childs, D.Z., Curtis‐Scott, O., and Amar, A.

Subjects
genetic structures
Abstract

The black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus) is a color-polymorphic sub-Saharan raptor, with adults occurring in two discrete color morphs: dark and light. It has previously been suggested that plumage coloration is determined by a one-locus two-allele system, with the light allele being dominant over the dark allele. Here, we revisit that assumption with an extended dataset of 130 individuals and pedigree information from 75 individuals spanning five generations. We test the observed offspring phenotypic ratio against the expected ratio under the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and find significant deviations from the expected values. Contrary to the previous assumption, our data indicate that the dark allele is in fact dominant over the light allele. Similarly, the multigenerational pedigrees obtained are incompatible with a one-locus two-allele system, where the light allele is dominant but are consistent with a scenario where the dark allele is dominant instead. However, without knowledge of the underlying molecular basis of plumage polymorphism, uncertainty remains, and the intra-morph variation observed suggests that modifier genes or environmental factors may also be involved. Our study not only provides a foundation for future research on the adaptive function of color polymorphism in the species but also highlights the need for caution when drawing conclusions about the mode of inheritance in wild animal populations in the absence of genetic data, especially when one color variant is numerically much rarer than the other.

Published
2021

20. Electronic properties of H-terminated diamond in electrolyte solutions.

Author

Nebel, C. E., Rezek, B., Shin, D., Watanabe, H., and Yamamoto, T.

Subjects
*PROPERTIES of matter, *ELECTROLYTE solutions, *HYDROGEN-ion concentration, *ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis, *SOLUTION (Chemistry), *DIAMONDS
Abstract

The electronic properties of hydrogen-terminated single-crystalline chemical-vapor deposited diamond in electrolyte solutions between pH 2 and 12 have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry experiments and pH-sensitive measurements using ion-sensitive field-effect transistor structures. The data show the formation of surface conductivity in diamond if immersed into electrolytes. The drain-source conductivity is pH dependent, with about 66 mV/pH. Due to strong Coulomb repulsion between positive ions in the electrolyte (hydronium ions) and the H+-surface termination of diamond, an enlarged tunneling gap is established which prevents electronic interactions between the electrolyte and diamond. This gap is the “virtual gate insulator” of diamond ion-sensitive field-effect transistor structures, with an interface resistance of about 108 Ω. The application of potentials larger than the oxidation threshold of +0.7 V (pH 13) to +1.6 V (pH 1) gives rise to strong leakage currents and to partial surface oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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21. Influence of the postplasma process conditions on the surface conductivity of hydrogenated diamond surfaces.

Author

Snidero, E., Tromson, D., Mer, C., Bergonzo, P., Foord, John S., Nebel, C., Williams, Oliver A., and Jackman, Richard B.

Subjects
HYDROGENATION, DIAMONDS, PLASMA gases
Abstract

It is a common observation that diamond surface conductivity rises after exposure to hydrogen plasmas. Hydrogenation treatments are known to induce a p-type conductive layer, which is not present on non-hydrogenated samples. However, the particular mechanisms predominant in the plasma treatment process are still controversial, and several antagonist conditions have been reported to be of importance, such as sample temperature (500 °C to 800 °C), duration (a few seconds to 1 h), and microwave (MW) power density, etc. Further, the post-plasma step is also crucial, especially since the surface conductivity has been reported to be affected by the presence of an adsorbate layer on the diamond surface. By setting up the arrangement to enable the in situ measurement of the surface conductivity after treatment, we have been able to control all parameters that could affect the surface conductivity, in order to determine those of importance. Among the parameters studied, we were able to analyze the influence of the surface temperature, the gas phase exposure (dry air, wet air, neutral gas, CH[sub 4], O[sub 2], and H[sub 2]), the MW plasma conditions (O[sub 2], H[sub 2]) as well as the exposure to UV (Hg and deuterium) and the importance of the sequence and duration of each of these treatments. We found that hydrogenated surfaces are strongly influenced by the combination of wet air exposure and UV light. We noticed that the effect of UV light is persistent and cannot be related to direct photoconduction and has to be attributed to a modification of the trapped defect population. This can, therefore, be compared with the modification of filled defect density as observed in persistent photoconduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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22. Laser beam induced currents in polycrystalline silicon thin films prepared by interference laser crystallization.

Author

Rezek, B., Nebel, C. E., and Stutzmann, M.

Subjects
*POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors, *CRYSTALLIZATION, *LASERS
Abstract

Polycrystalline silicon layers are prepared by interference laser crystallization (ILC) in the superlateral growth regime. To characterize their microscopic photoelectrical properties, light beam induced current (LBIC) is used, employing a focused laser beam for local generation of photocarriers in the layers with spatial resolution of ≈0.4 µm. The results are correlated with surface morphology obtained by atomic force microscopy. In the single pulse ILC, the temperature profiles are optimized by changing the proportion of interfering beam intensities. The typical grains are of triangular shape, with a length of 1.5 µm and width <0.5 µm. The photocurrent response is dominated by variations in the sample thickness. In the multiple pulse ILC, thin films with grains of quadratic shape and of size exceeding 5 µm are obtained by shifting the sample through an interference pattern, thus taking advantage of lateral epitaxial regrowth. Here, by use of a lock-in, LBIC can detect position and local electronic properties of individual grain boundaries. Grain boundaries are clearly identified by 180° shifts of the photocurrent phase close to maxima of photocurrent amplitude. The photocurrent is attributed to local fields at grain boundaries. These fields extend about 1.4 µm into the grains. The barrier height at the boundary is about 110 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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23. Periodic light coupler gratings in amorphous thin film solar cells.

Author

Eisele, C., Nebel, C. E., and Stutzmann, M.

Subjects
*THIN films, *SOLAR cells
Abstract

Efficient light trapping structures for amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells have been realized using periodically structured aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) with periods between 390 and 980 nm as a transparent front contact. Atomic force microscopy, optical reflection, and diffraction efficiency measurements were applied to characterize solar cells deposited on such gratings. A simple formula for the threshold wavelength of total internal reflection is derived. Periodic light coupler gratings reduce the reflectance to a value below 10% in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm which is comparable to cells with an optimized statistical texture. Diffraction efficiency measurements and theoretical considerations indicate that a combination of transmission and reflection gratings contribute to the observed reduction of the reflectance. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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24. Long living excited states in boron doped diamond.

Author

Nebel, C. E., Rohrer, E., and Stutzmann, M.

Subjects
*DIAMONDS, *PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY, *EXCITED state chemistry, *SEMICONDUCTOR doping, *ELECTRONICS
Abstract

Long living excited states in boron doped diamond are detected by photoconductivity and photoconductivity excitation spectroscopy at temperatures T<190 K in the energy regime 3.2-3.5 eV. The photoconductivity spectra show pronounced maxima in highly doped [(4-8)x10[sup 18] cm[sup -3]] diamond which decrease with decreasing doping density. A model is presented where holes are optically excited from compensating deep defects, 3.36 eV above the valence band edge, into the valence band. Here they get captured by LO phonon emission into long living excited levels of boron. The long living excited states are 200, 240, and 266 meV above the 1s ground level. Maxima in photocurrent can be detected at high doping concentrations as the wave function overlap between neighboring excited states is significant to allow hopping transitions between neighboring excited states. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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26. Deep level transient spectroscopy of synthetic type IIb diamond.

Author

Zeisel, R. and Nebel, C. E.

Subjects
*ARTIFICIAL diamonds, *SPECTRUM analysis, *BIOSYNTHESIS
Abstract

Provides information on a study that investigated the defect distribution in IIb synthetic diamond by deep level transient spectroscopy. Details of the experiments; Results of the study; Conclusion.

Published
1998
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27. Optoelectronic properties of p-diamond/n-GaN nanowire heterojunctions

Author

Schuster, F., Hetzl, M., Weiszer, S., Wolfer, M., Kato, H., Nebel, C., Garrido, J.A., Stutzmann, M., and Publica

Abstract

In this work, nanodiodes comprised of n-GaN nanowires on p-diamond substrates are investigated. The electric trans-port properties are discussed on the basis of simulations and determined experimentally for individual p-diamond/n-GaN nanodiodes by applying conductive atomic force microscopy. For low doping concentrations, a high rectification ratio is observed. The fabrication of a prototype nanoLED device on the basis of ensemble nanowire contacts is presented, showing simultaneous electroluminescence in the UV and the green spectral range which can be ascribed to hole injection into the n-GaN nanowires and electron injection into the p-diamond, respectively. In addition, the operation and heat distribution of the nanoLED device are visualized by active thermographic imaging.

Published
2015

32. Elastic properties of ultrathin diamond/AlN membranes

Author

Zürbig, V., Hees, J., Pletschen, W., Sah, R.E., Wolfer, M., Kirste, L., Heidrich, N., Nebel, C., Ambacher, O., Lebedev, V., and Publica

Subjects
polishing, Membranes, nanocrystalline diamond, aluminium nitride, mechanical properties, p-type doping
Abstract

Nanocrystalline diamond- (NCD) and AlN-based ultrathin single layer and bilayer membranes are investigated towards their mechanical properties. It is shown that chemo-mechanical polishing and heavy boron doping of NCD thin films do not impact the elastic properties of NCD layers as revealed by negligible variations of the NCD Young's modulus (E). In addition, it is demonstrated that the combination of NCD elastic layer and AlN piezo-actuator is highly suitable for the fabrication of mechanically stable ultrathin membranes in comparison to AlN single layer membranes. The elastic parameters of NCD/AlN heterostructures are mainly determined by the outstanding high Young's modulus of NCD (E = 1019 ± 19 GPa). Such ultrathin unimorph membranes allow for fabrication of piezo-actuated AlN/NCD microlenses with tunable focus length.

Published
2014

35. Abstracts

Author

Frankenfeld John W., Schulz Wolfgang, McMurty George J., Petersen Gary W., May G. A., Hering F. S., Schwartz J. I., Heywood J. B., Chigier N. A., Grohse E. W., Walker J. D., Colwell R. R., Petrakis L., Pergament H. S., Thorpe R. D., Schoepf Richard W., Krzyczkowski Roman, Henneman Suzanne S., Hudson Charles L., Putnam Evelyn S., Thiesen Donna J., Parks G. A., McCarty Perry L., Leckie J. O., Schrumpf Barry J., Simonson G. H., Paine D. P., Lawrence R. D., Pyott W. T., Leh M., Elders W., Combs J., Caplen T., Harrison F. L., Wong K. M., Heft. R. E., Charnell Robert L., Lehmann Edward J., Mallon Lawrence G., Hatfield Cecile, Adams Gerald H., Johanning James, Talvitie Antti, Noll Kenneth E., Miller Terry, Smiarowski Joseph F., Willis Cleve E., Foster John H., Schlesinger Benjamin, Daetz Douglas, Lear Donald U., Smith Mona F., Hundemann Audrey S., Crockett Pernell W., Werner Kirk G., Carroll Thomas E., Maase David L., Genco Joseph E., Ifeadi Christopher N., Lowman F. G., Christensen S. W., Van Winkle W., Mattice J. S., Harrison Elizabeth A., Barker James C., Chesness Jerry L., Smith Ralph E., Shaheeen Donald G., Raney R. Keith, Borton T., Wezernak C. T., Raney R. K., Sherwani Jabbor K., Moreau David H., Eisenberg Norman A., Lynch Cornelius J., Breeding Roger J., Johnson J. D., Foster K. E., Mouat D. A., Clark R., Hyden John William, Owen, Wilfred, Bayfield, Neil G., Barrow, Graham C., Stolz, Stephanie B., Wienckowski, Louis A., Brown, Betram S., Keyfitz, Nathan, Wilson, W. L., Newman, Peter W. G., Bammi, Deepak, Bammi, Dalip, Goddard, James E., Chisholm, Tony, Walsh, Cliff, Brennan, Geoffrey, Thompson, K. S., Richardson, R., Jensen, Clayton E., Brown, Dail W., Mirabito, John A., Cowing, Thomas G., Binghamton, Suny, Siehl, George H., Albrecht, O. W., Alexander, Ariel, Barde, Jean -Philippe, Darby, William P., McMichael, Francis Clay, Dunlap, Robert W., Muckleston, Keith W., Frankenhoff, Charles A., Giulini, Lorenzo T., Wyatt, T., Black, Peter E., Keating, William Thomas, Leonard, M. E., Fisher, E. L., Brunelle, M. F., Dickinson, J. E., Pethig, Rudiger, Clapham, Jr., W. B., Boserup, Ester, James, Jr., Franklin J., Parenteau, Patrick A., Catz, Robert S., Seneca, Joseph J., Davis, Robert K., Sievering, H., Sinopoli, J., Gamble, Hays B., Bevins, Malcolm I., Cole, Gerald L., Donald, Donn Derr, Tobey, M., Domokos, Mikklos, Weber, Jean, Duckstein, Lucien, Knudson, Douglas M., Barron, J. C., Dickinson, T. E., Schwartz, S. I., Hansen, D. E., Myrup, L. O., Rogers, D. L., Bodege, R., Braatz, U., Heger, H., McConnell, K. E., Duff, Virginia A., Adede, A. O., Zeckhauser, Richard, Kolbye, A. C., Schussel, George, Pisano, Mark A., Bartolotta, R. J., Budnitz, Robert J., Holdren, John P., Wills, Richard H., Sen, P. K., Ghoshal, S. N., Wonders, William C., Bartolotta, Robert J., Leich, Harold H., Gwvnne, P., Miller, S. S., Picardi, Anthony C., Seifer, William W., Bowbrick, P., Hunt, S. E., Keays, J. L., Fisher, Anthony C., Peterson, Frederick M., Cesario, F. J., Knetsch, J. L., Wood, C., Lee, N., Puechl, Karl H., Robert, J., Hansen, David E., Foin, T. C., Wolpert, Julian, Moskow, Michael H., Phillips, Joseph A., Hicks, Jesse L., Nobbs, Christopher L., Pearce, David W., Schoenbau, Thomas J., Rosenberg, Ronald H., Ravenholt, R. T., Kim, K. D., Groves, David L., McCart, Gerald D., Ewald, Jr., W. R., Dando, W. A., Gebelein, C. A., Martin, W. H., Mason, S., Ostrovskii, A. A., Currie, David P., Payne, P. R., Rosentraub, Mark S., Warren, Robert, Irland, Lloyd C., Booth, A., Kolb, Kenneth H., Caldwell, Lynton K., Johnson, W. H., Brewer, Max C., Bowden, Gerald, Haney, Paul D., Logue, D. E., Sweeney, R. J., Egbuniwe, Nnamdi, Heron, N., Franssen, H. T., Wranglen, G., Fairfax, Sally K., Pinhey, Thoma K., Paterson, Karen W., Sitterlev, John H., Connaughton, Charles A., De Viedman, M. G., Leon, F., Coronado, R., Myers, John G., Nakamura, Leonard I., Madrid, Norman R., Bar-Shalom, Y., Cohen, A. J., Seldman, Neil N., Hardy, Jr., William E., Grissom, Curtis L., Quarles, Jr., John R., Gee, Edwin A., Chaudhri, D. P., Infanger, Craig L., Bordeauz, Jr., A. Frank, Dougal, Merwin D., Ganotis, C. G., Hopper, R. E., Boyd, J., Woodard, Kim, Haedrich, R. L., Thompson, R. G., Lievano, R. J., Stoneburner, D. L., Smock, L. A., Eichhorn, H. C., Montalvo, J. G., Lee, C. G., von Jeszensky, T., Dunn, I. J., Wilson, M. J., Swindle, Jr., D. W., Runove, T. G., Pearson, T. H., Rosenberg, R., Sharp, Jr., John M., Greist, David A., Kinard, J. T., Tisdale, J., Alexander, E., Stone, Ralph, Willis, Robert, Anderson, Donald R., Dracup, John A., Rogers, C. J., Hunter, John M., Cassola, Fabio, Lovari, Sandro, Tew, R. W., Egdorf, S. S., Deacon, J. E., Sly, George R., Brandvold, D. K., Popp, C. J., Brierley, J. A., Zeidler, Ryszard B., Gonzalez, R. H., Lapage, S. P., Cornish, Edward S., Ryerson, Foresman, D. K., Walejko, R. N., Paulson, W. H., Pendleton, J. W., Fowler, Bruce A., Minckler, Leon S., Wallis, I. G., Nebel, C., Gottschling, R. D., Unangst, P. C., O'Neill, H. J., Zintel, G. V., Reid, F., Ricci, L. J., Odum, Eugene P., Johnson, J. H., Sturino, E. E., Bourne, S., Richerson, Jim V., Cameron, E. Alan, Brown, Elizabeth A., Stopford, W., Goldwater, L. J., Gray, John, Jorgensen, S. E., Santhirasegaram, K., Chapman, J. D., Skelton, Thomas E., Stahl, D., Herzog, Jr., Henry W., Matsunaka, S., Kuwatsuka, S., Tatsukawa, R., Wakimoto, T., Moyle, Peter B., Kornilov, B. A., Timoshkina, V. A., Johnstone, Peter A., McMinn, James W., Hewlett, John D., Cunha, T. J., Cameron, Guy N., Blais, J. R., Macgregor, Alan, Martin, G. D., Mulholland, R. J., Thornton, K. W., Spano, L. A., Medeiros, J., Ostarhild, H., Minnick, D. R., Hayden, Bruce P., Dolan, Robert, Rendel, J., Lee, J. A., Leistra, M., Frye, R. D., Ramse, David, Safferman, R. S., Morris, Mary -Ellen, Lisella, Frank S., Johnson, Wilma, Lewis, Claudia, Kutt, E. C., Martin, D. F., Prakash, A., Kunkle, S. H., Mrak, E. M., Bruce, R. R., Harper, L. A., Leonard, R. A., Snyder, W. M., Thomas, A. W., Eckholm, Erik P., Snelling, John C., Veblen, Thomas T., Buckhouse, J. C., Gifford, G. F., Fosberg, F. R., Naveh, Z., Kelcey, J. G., Scanlon, John W., Lijinsky, W., Elias, Thomas S., Philip, M. S., Kverno, Nelson B., Mitchell, G. Clay, Gysin, H., Morita, M., Mimura, S., Ohi, G., Yagyu, H., Nishizawa, T., Worcester, B. K., Brun, L. J., Doering, E. J., Hiatt, V., Huff, J. E., Pfeffer, J. T., Liebman, J. C., Ray, William, Ramamurthy, V. C., Black, A. H., Coty, A., Kassler, H., Dixon, R. L., Trout, Thomas J., Smith, James L., McWhorter, David B., Rowe, M. C., Quinlan, A. V., Paynter, H. M., Born, D., Roth, D., Wall, G., Schindler, D. W., Frost, P. G. H., Siegfried, W. R., Cooper, J., MacDonald, S., Mason, C. F., Bar, F., Moore, G., Coldrick, John, Selman, P. H., Dempster, J. P., King, M. L., Lakhani, K. H., Evans, G. Clifford, Coote, D. R., Haith, D. A., Zwerman, P. J., Herricks, Edwin E., Shanholtz, Vernon O., Smith, V. K., Johnson, D. Gale, Mitsch, W. J., Fried, Maurice, Tanji, Kenneth K., Van De Pol, Ronald M., Dawson, Allan, Smith, Malcolm, McLaren, Neil, Cooley, James L., Moran, J. W., Witter, L. D., Tomlinson, E. J., Cheremisinoff, Paul N., Holcomb, William F., Hall, J. M., Kerut, E. G., Irico, J., Bower, L. C., Duggan, J. B., Cleasby, J. L., Klein, David H., Andren, Anders W., Bolton, Newell E., Joshi, Ramesh C., Duncan, Donald M., McMaster, Howard M., Russell, George A., Hochstein, Anatoly B., Elgohary, F. A., Brooks, D. J., Brainard, F. S., Ott, W. R., Thorn, G. C., Panicker, N. N., Middleton, A. C., Lawrence, A. W., Hannigan, John T., Post, R. F., Hall, D. G., White, K. E., Shaw, E. M., Sidwick, J. M., Preston, J. R., Nichol, Janet E., Maxwell, Bruce, Watson, M. B., Kammer, W. A., Langley, N. P., Selzer, L. A., Beck, R. L., Munn, Harold C., Peirano, Lawrence E., Cooper, Charles F., Kruger, Paul, Zebroski, E., Levenson, M., Mason, B. J., Rehberger, Glenn W., Field, A. A., Jones, John F., Penner, S. S., Black, Francis M., High, Larry E., Sigsby, John E., Janssens, M., Darns, R., Giebel, J., Dilaj, Michael, Lenard, John F., Beran, D. W., Linden, H. R., Bodle, W. W., Lee, B. S., Vyas, K. C., Golueke, Clarence G., McCurdy, P. H., Hines, W. G., Rickert, D. A., McKenzie, S. W., Bennett, J. P., Goldstein, Elliot, Ragaini, Richard C., Pearl, Richard Howard, Turner, Norma, Miller, Terry L., Noll, Kenneth E., Etzel, James E., Bell, John M., Lindermann, Eckhart G., Lancelot, Charles J., Lane, Dennis D., Stukel, James J., Lee, G. F., Morse, Frederick H., Simmons, Melvin K., Alpert, S. B., Lundberg, R. M., Schmidt, Richard A., Hill, George R., Anspaugh, Lynn R., Harem, F. E., Bielman, K. O., Worth, J. E., Kuester, J. L., Lutes, L., Henten, M. Patricia, Tazieff, Haroun, Patrick, P. K., Baker, Ralph N., Kalhammer, Fritz R., Schneider, Thomas R., Landwehr, J. Maciunas, Deininger, R. A., Rattien, Stephen, Eaton, David, Dezeeuw, R. E., Haney, E. B., Wong, R. B., De Planque Burke, Gail, Siegrist, Robert, Witt, Michael, Boyle, William C., Rickert, David A., Hines, Walter G., McKenzie, Stuart W., Brutsaert, W., Gross, G. W., McGehee, R. M., Hyzer, William G., Mohr, Adolph W., Wildman, S. V., Goldsmith, T. J., Sargent, Frederick O., Brande, Justin H., Work, Jr., Edgar A., Gilmer, David S., Hord, B. Michael, Brooner, William, Baraby, Frank, Snodgrass, W. J., O'Melia, C. R., Rollier, M. A., Kunz, R. G., Giannelli, J. F., Stensel, H. D., Moyer, W. W., Osman, F. P., Campbell, W. J., Wilson, E. M., Freeman, H. M., Hogan, B. J., Dick, R. I., Tangborn, Wendell V., Rasmussen, Lowell A., Ruff, James F., Skinner, Morris M., Winkley, Brian R., Simons, Daryl B., Dorratcague, Dennis E., Lanterman, B. A., Staudenmire, J. H., Fritz, Norman L., Williams, Richard D., Wood, Richard, Huillet, F. D., Muzyka, Ann, Fantasia, John F., Goodman, Joseph M., Anderl, Bernhard, Attmanspacher, Walter, Singh, Vijay P., Peleg, H., Scavia, D., Park, R. A., Niemann, Jr., Bernard J., Bonilla, Xavier A., Bruno, S. Richards, Rose, Richard A., Meyer, Charles F., Tempo, G E, Klumb, D., Maddock, Jr., Thomas, Chermisinoff, Paul N., Bethea, Robert M., Hellman, Thomas M., Laren, Oscar Bud, Leenheer, J. A., Malcolm, R. L., White, W. R., McNamara, John R., Windheim, L. S., Wodder, R. R., Smith, D. D., Mallan, G. M., Titlow, E. I., Peleg, M., Greco, I. R., Gregory, D. P., Pangborn, J. B., Somers, Edward V., Berg, Daniel, Fickett, Arnold P., Larsen, R. I., Heck, W. W., Cochran, Neal P., Ulaby, Fawwaz T., Bush, Thomas F., Cunningham, Ernest R., Nakada, M., Wyndham, H. B., Schulte, Harry F., Serpa, Douglas P., Young, R. L., Spell, J. E., Slu, H. M., Philip, R. H., Jones, E. R., Sprowl, James A., Kohout, Ladislav J., Gaines, Brian R., McCoy, K., Mejer, H., Reutlinger, Shlomo, Lieberman, M. A., LaNier, R., Crampton, C. B., Sabadell, J. Eleonora, Axtmann, Robert C., Josephson, J., Gutierrez, A. P., Regev, U., Summers, C. G., Daniels, A., Bach, W., Mairs, John W., Bengtsson, L., Oleckno, William A., Wildman, W. E., Neja, R. A., Clark, J. K., Larson, Don, Wagner, Frederick W., Durabb, Edwin J., Barnes, H. M., Homolya, J. B., Jacoby, Neil H., Kispert, R. G., Sadek, S. E., Wise, D. L., Nihoul, J. C. J., Foyster, A. M., Gessaman, Paul H., Sisler, Daniel G., Pinkham, C. F. A., Pearson, J. G., MacAdam, W. K., Gribbin, John, Schwartz, Seymour I., Green, F. H. W., Viscomi, B. V., Gray, S. L., McKean, J. R., Usher, M. B., Svestka, Milan, Eckholm, E. P., Johnston, H., Mausel, Paul W., Leivo, Carl Eric, Lewellen, Michael T., Nilles, Jack M., Gray, Paul, Campbell, Thomas C., Wogman, N. A., Bockris, John M., Jenne, E. A., Avotins, Peter, Nelson, D. W., Sommers, L. E., Scott, Frank M., Benz, L. C., Sandoval, F. M., Willis, W. O., Chapman, Peter F., MacDougall, E. B., Peakall, David B., Office of Technology Assessment, and Office of Science and Technology

Published
1977
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37. Waferscale nanophotonic circuits made from diamond-on-insulator substrates

Author

Rath, P., Gruhler, N., Khasminskaya, S., Nebel, C., Wild, C., Pernice, W. H. P., and Publica

Subjects
Physics, ddc:530
Abstract

Wide bandgap dielectrics are attractive materials for the fabrication of photonic devices because they allow broadband optical operation and do not suffer from free-carrier absorption. Here we show that polycrystalline diamond thin films deposited by chemical vapor deposition provide a promising platform for the realization of large scale integrated photonic circuits. We present a full suite of photonic components required for the investigation of on-chip devices, including input grating couplers, millimeter long nanophotonic waveguides and microcavities. In microring resonators we measure loaded optical quality factors up to 11,000. Corresponding propagation loss of 5dB/mm is also confirmed by measuring transmission through long waveguides.

Published
2013

38. Enhanced mechanical performance of AlN/nanodiamond micro-resonators

Author

Heidrich, N., Iankov, D., Hees, J., Pletschen, W., Sah, R.E., Kirste, L., Zuerbig, V., Nebel, C., Ambacher, O., Lebedev, V., and Publica

Abstract

Micro electromechanical systems are a matter of intense research pursuing to replace silicon and III-V semiconductor-based components in prospective radio frequency communication devices. Due to their unique material properties, microstructures combining doped nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) and AlN thin films are promising for piezo-actuated microsystems in order to increase operating frequencies. In this work, single and doubly clamped unimorph NCD-on-AlN micro-resonators were fabricated and then characterized by laser vibrometry towards their flexural resonant frequencies in the range of 0.1-20 MHz to deduce their mechanical properties. Enhancements in the structural properties of an AlN piezo-actuator united with an advanced elasticity of nano-diamond electrode lead to superior mechanical parameters of the resulting unimorphs. These allow for the fabrication of flexural resonant microsystems with a potential to extend the operating frequencies well above 1 GHz.

Published
2013

39. Photoelectron emission properties of hydrogen terminated intrinsic diamond.

Author

Takeuchi, D., Nebel, C. E., and Yamasaki, S.

Subjects
*HYDROGEN, *PHOTOELECTRONS, *EMISSION spectroscopy, *PHOTON-photon interactions, *SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract

Hydrogen terminated intrinsic diamond is characterized using photoelectron emission spectroscopy. Samples have been annealed at temperatures Ta from 200 to 1000 °C. The electron emission characteristics can be divided into three regimes: (I) (Ta<300 °C) is governed by surface band bending which allows only excitons to reach the surface with subsequent dissociation. (II) (300 °C<=Ta<=650 °C) shows increased electron emission and the surface band bending has been removed. Here, excitons and electrons contribute. (III) (Ta>650 °C) additional rise of emission is detected. The spectra are dominated by photon-phonon interactions which are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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47. Adaptation of the sea-bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) to fresh water: Role of aquaporins and Na+/K+-ATPases

Author

Giffard Mena, I, Lorin Nebel, C, Charmantier, G, Castille, R, Boulo, Viviane, Giffard Mena, I, Lorin Nebel, C, Charmantier, G, Castille, R, and Boulo, Viviane

Abstract

Sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) grow under different salinity regimes, from the open sea to lagoons and even rivers, but some mortality has been recorded in juvenile stages when exposed to low salinity water. Changes in water permeability of different osmoregulatory tissues could be the cause of reduction in blood osmotic pressure and death in some fish in fresh water (FW). In order to explore this condition, we have studied the changes of aquaporins (AQP1 and AQP3), alpha 1 and alpha 4 Na+/K(+-)ATPase transcript levels in the digestive tract, kidney and gills after a long-term exposure of juvenile sea-bass to sea water (SW) and FW fish able to survive in SW and FW are called SW-adapted fish (SWS), FW successfully-adapted fish (FWS) respectively, while fish that die in FW are called FW unsuccessfully-adapted fish (FWU). AQP1 was highly expressed in SWS digestive tract and kidney, suggesting its involvement in water absorption. In FWU, AQP1 transcript levels in the digestive tract were higher than in FWS, suggesting higher water absorption. AQP3 transcript levels in gills were higher in FWS compared to SWS, suggesting a role in FW adaptation. AQP3 transcript levels in gills were higher in FWU than in FWS, suggesting an increase in gill water permeability or other solutes. Transfer to FW was followed in gills by an increase in alpha 1 and alpha 4 Na+/K+-ATPase levels in FWS and FWU, supporting the current model of ion absorption through the gills. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2008
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48. Piezo-actuated tunable diamond/AlN micro lenses

Author

Zuerbig, V., primary, Paetz, D., additional, Pletschen, W., additional, Hees, J., additional, Sah, R. E., additional, Kirste, L., additional, Heidrich, N., additional, Cimalla, V., additional, Nebel, C., additional, Ambacher, O., additional, and Lebedev, V., additional

Published
2013
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49. Nano-diamond vacuum MEMS for RF applications

Author

Heidrich, N., primary, Hees, J., additional, Zuerbig, V., additional, Iankov, D., additional, Pletschen, W., additional, Sah, R. E., additional, Raynor, B., additional, Kirste, L., additional, Nebel, C. E., additional, Ambacher, O., additional, and Lebedev, V., additional

Published
2013
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50. Molecular characterisation of prolactin and analysis of extrapituitary expression in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax under various salinity conditions

Author

Boutet, Isabelle, Lorin Nebel, C, De Lorgeril, Julien, Guinand, B, Boutet, Isabelle, Lorin Nebel, C, De Lorgeril, Julien, and Guinand, B

Abstract

dAlthough prolactin has been demonstrated to be the main hormone involved in adaptation to dilute media in several freshwater teleosts, few studies have been conducted in marine teleosts. In the Mediterranean, the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax inhabits environments ranging from the open sea to coastal lagoons, where salinity varies greatly. We characterised the prolactin (prl) gene and analysed its expression in two organs (gill and intestine) in D. labrax acclimated to either freshwater or seawater. A 2819 bp long sequence encompassing the prl gene and a part (282 bp) of the promoter were identified, and these comprised 5 coding exons separated by 4 introns. Prolactin was similarly expressed in fresh- and seawater adapted fish, although expression in gills was significantly greater than in the intestine. Nonetheless, individuals unable to successfully regulate osmotic balance in freshwater presented overall low expression rates. Results are discussed according to the mechanism of sea bass adaptation in the wild and to their life cycle between open sea and lagoons. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis indicated that teleosts are not branched according to their life-history features (e.g. seawater vs. freshwater habitats), and no signature of positive selection was detected across the phylogeny of the prl gene in teleosts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2007
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