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1. CO2 in the atmosphere of Mars depleted in 13C

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Aoki, Shohei, Stone, Shane W., Faggi, Sara, Trompet, Loïc, Neary, Lori, Daerden, Frank, Viscardy, Sébastien, Masiello, Guido, Serio, Carmine, Thomas, Ian R., Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Ristic, Bojan, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Published
2024
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2. Machine Learning for automatic identification of new minor species

Author

Schmidt, Frederic, Mermy, Guillaume Cruz, Erwin, Justin, Robert, Severine, Neary, Lori, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, and Vandaele, Ann-Carine

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

One of the main difficulties to analyze modern spectroscopic datasets is due to the large amount of data. For example, in atmospheric transmittance spectroscopy, the solar occultation channel (SO) of the NOMAD instrument onboard the ESA ExoMars2016 satellite called Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) had produced $\sim$10 millions of spectra in 20000 acquisition sequences since the beginning of the mission in April 2018 until 15 January 2020. Other datasets are even larger with $\sim$billions of spectra for OMEGA onboard Mars Express or CRISM onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Usually, new lines are discovered after a long iterative process of model fitting and manual residual analysis. Here we propose a new method based on unsupervised machine learning, to automatically detect new minor species. Although precise quantification is out of scope, this tool can also be used to quickly summarize the dataset, by giving few endmembers ("source") and their abundances. We approximate the dataset non-linearity by a linear mixture of abundance and source spectra (endmembers). We used unsupervised source separation in form of non-negative matrix factorization to estimate those quantities. Several methods are tested on synthetic and simulation data. Our approach is dedicated to detect minor species spectra rather than precisely quantifying them. On synthetic example, this approach is able to detect chemical compounds present in form of 100 hidden spectra out of $10^4$, at 1.5 times the noise level. Results on simulated spectra of NOMAD-SO targeting CH$_{4}$ show that detection limits goes in the range of 100-500 ppt in favorable conditions. Results on real martian data from NOMAD-SO show that CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$O are present, as expected, but CH$_{4}$ is absent. Nevertheless, we confirm a set of new unexpected lines in the database, attributed by ACS instrument Team to the CO$_{2}$ magnetic dipole., Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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3. Saltation under Martian Gravity and its Influence on the Global Dust Distribution

Author

Musiolik, Grzegorz, Kruss, Maximilian, Demirci, Tunahan, Schrinski, Björn, Teiser, Jens, Daerden, Frank, Smith, Michael D., Neary, Lori, and Wurm, Gerhard

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Dust and sand motion are a common sight on Mars. Understanding the interaction of atmosphere and Martian soil is fundamental to describe the planet's weather, climate and surface morphology. We set up a wind tunnel to study the lift of a mixture between very fine sand and dust in a Mars simulant soil. The experiments were carried out under Martian gravity in a parabolic flight. The reduced gravity was provided by a centrifuge under external microgravity. The onset of saltation was measured for a fluid threshold shear velocity of 0.82$\pm$0.04 m/s. This is considerably lower than found under Earth gravity. In addition to a reduction in weight, this low threshold can be attributed to gravity dependent cohesive forces within the sand bed, which drop by 2/3 under Martian gravity. The new threshold for saltation leads to a simulation of the annual dust cycle with a Mars GCM that is in agreement with observations.

Published
2018
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5. Comprehensive investigation of Mars methane and organics with ExoMars/NOMAD

Author

Knutsen, Elise W., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Crismani, Matteo M.J., Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Viscardy, Sébastien, Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loic, Neary, Lori, Ristic, Bojan, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, Patel, Manish R., Karatekin, Ozgur, and Bellucci, Giancarlo

Published
2021
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8. Numerical Prediction of Changes in Atmospheric Chemical Compositions During a Solar Energetic Particle Event on Mars

Author

Nakamura, Yuki, primary, Leblanc, François, additional, Terada, Naoki, additional, Hiruba, Sayano, additional, Murata, Isao, additional, Nakagawa, Hiromu, additional, Sakai, Shotaro, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Murase, Kiyoka, additional, and Kataoka, Ryuho, additional

Published
2023
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11. Heterogeneous Processes in the Atmosphere of Mars and Impact on H2O2 and O3 Abundances.

Author

Daerden, Frank, Crowley, John N., Neary, Lori, Smith, Michael D., Loeffler, Mark J., Clancy, R. Todd, Wolff, Michael J., Aoki, Shohei, and Sagawa, Hideo

Subjects
MARTIAN atmosphere, ATMOSPHERE, GENERAL circulation model, MINERAL dusts, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, ICE clouds
Abstract

Current models underestimate the highest observed ozone (O3) column densities on Mars. These estimates could be improved by including the uptake of odd hydrogen species (HOx) on water ice clouds, but the reported uptake coefficient of HO2 is likely overestimated for atmospheric conditions. This leaves a fundamental problem in Mars' atmospheric chemistry unsolved. Here, using the GEM‐Mars general circulation model, we explore a range of processes involving multiple phases (gas, adsorbed and solid) that may contribute to an alternative solution. First, we focus on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and discuss its physical states on Mars and its chemical impact. We also conjecture its photolytic destruction in ices with model simulations and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars observations. Then, we include in the model all relevant (for Mars) heterogeneous reactions, both on dust and water ice, recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for terrestrial atmospheric studies. We find that only the uptake of HO2 and H2O2 on dust are efficient on Mars. Finally, we find that attenuation of sunlight by water ice clouds in the calculation of photolysis rates leads to increased O3 and H2O2 abundances below the ice clouds. The combination of the proposed processes leads to O3 increases without the need for strong uptake of HO2 on ice, but it remains difficult to find a good agreement with O3 and H2O2 observations on the global scale. We provide specific recommendations for future work in observations, laboratory experiments and modeling to advance our understanding of fundamental chemistry on Mars. Plain Language Summary: After decades of observations and numerical modeling, there remain persistent problems in our understanding of atmospheric chemistry on Mars. One of these is the underestimation of the highest ozone abundances by models, on which we focus here. It was demonstrated that uptake of HO2 on water ice could improve this, but we argue that the experimentally obtained reaction rate is too large. We present a range of other processes that can contribute to solving the Mars ozone problem, and implement them in a 3D atmospheric model. We investigate the low temperature behavior of H2O2 on Mars and its impact on ozone, and demonstrate that H2O2 is destroyed in surface ices. This is supported by a first search for H2O2 in surface ices on Mars. We also test all heterogeneous reactions on dust and water ice that are recommended for the terrestrial atmosphere, and find that the uptake of HO2 and H2O2 by mineral dust could be efficient on Mars. Finally, we find that the shielding of incoming sunlight by water ice clouds leads to larger ozone abundances below the clouds. Combining these processes improves the ozone simulation, but more refinements are still needed in observations, laboratory experiments and modeling. Key Points: Uptake of HO2 on water ice on Mars could improve ozone simulations, but its unreliable support urges searches for alternative processesWe introduce a range of new heterogeneous processes in a Mars general circulation model and evaluate their impact on ozone and H2O2We discuss the physical states of H2O2 on Mars, its photolytic destruction in ice, and the uptake of H2O2 and HO2 by mineral dust [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. On the plausibility of methane detections on Mars in the light of the ExoMars/TGO results

Author

Viscardy, Sébastien, Robert, Séverine, Erwin, Justin, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Piccialli, Arianna, Trompet, Loïc, Willame, Yannick, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Abstract

As a potential biomarker, Martian methane has attracted attention through several reports of its detection over the last 20 years. However, the very existence of this gas has been continuously questioned, in particular, because the observed lifetime should be several orders of magnitude shorter than the 300 years predicted by photochemical models. Although several fast removal processes have been hypothesized to explain the observations, none of them has met a large consensus.It is in this context that the ESA-Roscomos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission started its science operations in April 2018. ACS and NOMAD, two instruments onboard the TGO, have been collecting hundreds of highly sensitive measurements in solar occultation. No methane has been detected so far and an upper limit of 0.02 ppbv has been derived.The implications of this result on the methane problem on Mars will be addressed in this work.This upper limit is a strong constraint on the background level and, in turn, on the potential emission scenarios making the reported methane detections consistent with the TGO results. While several model studies aimed at identifying them, we will here adopt a probabilistic approach to the problem in order to question the plausibility of those detections and estimate the lifetime required to make them plausible from a probabilistic standpoint., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023

13. On the plausibility of methane detections on Mars

Author

Viscardy, Sébastien, primary, Robert, Séverine, additional, Erwin, Justin T., additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2023
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15. Attempting to use dust analogue from lab to study Martian atmosphere

Author

flimon, zachary, primary, erwin, justin, additional, vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Neary, lori, additional, piccialli, arianna, additional, trompet, loic, additional, willame, yannick, additional, Vanhellemont, filip, additional, bauduin, sophie, additional, wolff, Michael, additional, Munoz, olga, additional, Martikainen, julia, additional, Gomez Martin, Juan Carlos, additional, and Moreno, Fernando, additional

Published
2022
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16. Observations and ongoing calibration of the infrared channels of NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Thomas, Ian, primary, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Robert, Severine, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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17. Preliminary results of nadir retrievals from NOMAD/UVIS using new dust properties from lab measurements

Author

Willame, Yannick, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carinne, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Wolff, Micheal, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Vanhellemont, Filip, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Muñoz, Olga, additional, Martikainen, Julia, additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez Moreno, José Juan, additional

Published
2022
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18. Dust climatology from NOMAD UVIS channel

Author

flimon, zachary, primary, erwin, justin, additional, vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Neary, lori, additional, piccialli, arianna, additional, trompet, loic, additional, willame, yannick, additional, bauduin, sophie, additional, daerden, frank, additional, thomas, ian, additional, ristic, bojan, additional, mason, jon, additional, depiesse, cedric, additional, patel, manish, additional, bellucci, giancarlo, additional, and lopez moreno, jose juan, additional

Published
2022
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19. CO distributions retrieved from TGO NOMAD SO using multiple orders

Author

Yoshida, Nao, primary, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Nakagawa, Hiromu, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Murata, Isao, additional, Terada, Naoki, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, Modak, Ashimananda, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Kasaba, Yasumasa, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and López-Moreno, Jusé Juan, additional

Published
2022
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20. Measurements of water and its D/H as released from both Martian polar caps

Author

Villanueva, Geronimo, primary, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Stone, Shane, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Mumma, Michael, additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Kofman, Vincent, additional, Robert, Severine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Vandaele, Ann-Carine, additional

Published
2022
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21. Mesospheric and thermospheric carbon dioxide and temperature profiles from NOMAD-SO onboard TGO.

Author

Trompet, Loïc, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Mahieux, Arnaud, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Moreno, José Juan, additional, and Patel, Manish, additional

Published
2022
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22. Two Martian years at Mars: Observations by NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, primary, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Gérard, Jean-Claude, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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23. RoadMap to understand the role of dust in the atmosphere of Mars

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, primary, Merrison, Jon, additional, Wurm, Gerhard, additional, Munoz, Olga, additional, Jardiel, Teresa, additional, Lindqvist, Hannakaisa, additional, Wolff, Mike, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Flimon, Zachary, additional, Abesha, Andebo, additional, Becker, Tim, additional, Martikainen, Julia, additional, Gomez-Martin, Juan Carlos, additional, and Peiteado, Marco, additional

Published
2022
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24. Ozone in the Martian atmosphere observed by TGO/NOMAD-UVIS solar occultations

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Määttänen, Anni, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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27. The Deuterium Isotopic Ratio of Water Released From the Martian Caps as Measured With TGO/NOMAD

Author

Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Aoki, Shohei, Stone, Shane W., Brines, Adrian, Thomas, Ian R., Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, Trompet, Loic, Erwin, Justin, Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Smith, Michael D., Mumma, Michael J., Faggi, Sara, Kofman, Vincent, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Patel, Manish, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose Juan, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Subjects
History, Geophysics, Atmosphere, Mars, Water, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Polar
Abstract

We report vertical profiles of water and D/H for one Martian year as measured with the TGO/NOMAD instrument. The observations were performed via solar occultation, providing water profiles up to ∼100 km and D/H up to ∼60 km, with a vertical resolution of 1–2 km. The measurements reveal dramatic variability of water and D/H over short timescales and with altitude and location on the planet. We investigated the release of seasonal water from the polar caps during southern and northern summer, by mapping water and its D/H near the polar regions. Above the hygropause, the D/H drops substantially below 2 VSMOW, and both seasonal polar caps show a consistent and enriched D/H of 5–7 VSMOW within the hygrosphere. © 2022 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved., This work was supported by NASA’s Mars Program Office under WBS 604796, “Participation in the TGO/NOMAD Investigation of Trace Gases on Mars.” ExoMars is a space mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos. The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), assisted by Co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the United Kingdom (The Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grants PGC2018-101836-B-I00 and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER) and by the Spanish Science Ministry Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program under grant SEV-2017-0709, as well as by the UK Space Agency through grants ST/V002295/1, ST/V005332/1, and ST/S00145X/1 and Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS (grant number 30442502, ET_HOME) and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 101004052, RoadMap project). SR thanks BELSPO for the FED-tWIN funding (Prf-2019-077 - RT-MOLEXO).

Published
2022

29. The Deuterium Isotopic Ratio of Water Released From the Martian Caps as Measured With TGO/NOMAD

Author

Villanueva, Geronimo L., primary, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Stone, Shane W., additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Mumma, Michael J., additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Kofman, Vincent, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2022
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30. Variations in Vertical CO/CO2 Profiles in the Martian Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Measured by the ExoMars TGO/NOMAD: Implications of Variations in Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

Author

Yoshida, Nao, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Aoki, Shohei, Erwin, Justin, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian, Trompet, Loïc, Koyama, Shungo, Terada, Naoki, Neary, Lori, Murata, Isao, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, Brines, Adrian, Modak, Ashimananda, Kasaba, Yasumasa, Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López‐Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

Subjects
Geophysics, Retrieval, Atmospheric composition, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Mars, Eddy diffusion coefficient, Spectroscopy, Mesosphere
Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived the CO/CO2 profiles between 75 and 105 km altitude with the equivalent width technique. The derived CO/CO2 profiles showed significant seasonal variations in the southern hemisphere with decreases near perihelion and increases near aphelion. The estimation of the CO/CO2 profiles with a one-dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude-dependent eddy diffusion coefficient better reproduces the observed profiles than a vertically uniform one. Our estimation suggests that the eddy diffusion coefficient in Ls = 240–270 is uniformly larger by a factor of ∼2 than that in Ls = 90–120 in the southern hemisphere, while they are comparable in the northern hemisphere. This fact demonstrates that the eddy diffusion coefficient is variable with season and latitude. © 2022. The Authors., The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), assisted by Co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the United Kingdom (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493), by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIU) and by European funds under Grants PGC2018-101836-B-I00 and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by UK Space Agency through Grants ST/V002295/1, ST/V005332/1, and ST/S00145x/1 and Italian Space Agency through Grant 2018-2-HH.0. This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique–FNRS under Grant No. 30442502 (ET_HOME). The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). US investigators were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Canadian investigators were supported by the Canadian Space Agency. Y. N. is supported by The international Joint Graduate Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tohoku University (GP-EES), and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JP21J13710). This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Nos. 20H04605 and 19K03943.

Published
2022

31. The Deuterium Isotopic Ratio of Water Released From the Martian Caps as Measured With TGO/NOMAD

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Aoki, Shohei, Stone, Shane W., Brines, Adrian, Thomas, Ian R., López-Valverde, M. A., Trompet, Loic, Erwin, Justin T., Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Smith, Michael D., Mumma, Michael J., Faggi, Sara, Kofman, Vincent, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Aoki, Shohei, Stone, Shane W., Brines, Adrian, Thomas, Ian R., López-Valverde, M. A., Trompet, Loic, Erwin, Justin T., Daerden, Frank, Ristic, Bojan, Smith, Michael D., Mumma, Michael J., Faggi, Sara, Kofman, Vincent, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Abstract

We report vertical profiles of water and D/H for one Martian year as measured with the TGO/NOMAD instrument. The observations were performed via solar occultation, providing water profiles up to ∼100 km and D/H up to ∼60 km, with a vertical resolution of 1–2 km. The measurements reveal dramatic variability of water and D/H over short timescales and with altitude and location on the planet. We investigated the release of seasonal water from the polar caps during southern and northern summer, by mapping water and its D/H near the polar regions. Above the hygropause, the D/H drops substantially below 2 VSMOW, and both seasonal polar caps show a consistent and enriched D/H of 5–7 VSMOW within the hygrosphere. © 2022 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2022

32. Variations in Vertical CO/CO2 Profiles in the Martian Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Measured by the ExoMars TGO/NOMAD: Implications of Variations in Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Yoshida, Nao, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Aoki, Shohei, Erwin, Justin T., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc., Koyama, Shungo, Terada, Naoki, Neary, Lori, Murata, Isao, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, López-Valverde, M. A., Brines, Adrian, Modak, Ashimananda, Kasaba, Yasumasa, Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Belgian Science Policy Office, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Yoshida, Nao, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Aoki, Shohei, Erwin, Justin T., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc., Koyama, Shungo, Terada, Naoki, Neary, Lori, Murata, Isao, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, López-Valverde, M. A., Brines, Adrian, Modak, Ashimananda, Kasaba, Yasumasa, Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, and Patel, Manish R.

Abstract

Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived the CO/CO2 profiles between 75 and 105 km altitude with the equivalent width technique. The derived CO/CO2 profiles showed significant seasonal variations in the southern hemisphere with decreases near perihelion and increases near aphelion. The estimation of the CO/CO2 profiles with a one-dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude-dependent eddy diffusion coefficient better reproduces the observed profiles than a vertically uniform one. Our estimation suggests that the eddy diffusion coefficient in Ls = 240–270 is uniformly larger by a factor of ∼2 than that in Ls = 90–120 in the southern hemisphere, while they are comparable in the northern hemisphere. This fact demonstrates that the eddy diffusion coefficient is variable with season and latitude. © 2022. The Authors.

Published
2022

33. Publisher Correction: No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

Author

Korablev, Oleg, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, François, Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc, Erwin, Justin T., Aoki, Shohei, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Viscardy, Sébastien, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Shakun, Alexey, Patrakeev, Andrey, Belyaev, Denis A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Ivanov, Yuriy S., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Hetey, Laszlo, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Queirolo, Claudio, Beeckman, Bram, Neefs, Eddy, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Etiope, Giuseppe, Zelenyi, Lev, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., and The ACS and NOMAD Science Teams

Published
2019
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34. Publisher Correction: Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Altieri, Francesca, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael D., Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna A., Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Betsis, Daria, Bolsée, David, Clancy, R. Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Depiesse, Cédric, Funke, Bernd, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ivanov, Yuriy S., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López-Puertas, Manuel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Maslov, Igor, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Michael J., Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Patrakeev, Andrey, Patsaev, Dmitry, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Séverine, Schmidt, Frédéric, Shakun, Alexey, Teanby, Nicholas A., Viscardy, Sébastien, Willame, Yannick, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish R., López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Forget, François, Wilson, Colin F., Young, Roland, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., Rodionov, Daniel, NOMAD Science Team, and ACS Science Team

Published
2019
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35. The Climatology of Carbon Monoxide and Water Vapor on Mars as Observed by CRISM and Modeled by the GEM-Mars General Circulation Model

Author

Smith, Michael D, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, and Khayat, Alain

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Radiative transfer modeling of near-infrared spectra taken by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) enables the column-integrated abundance of carbon monoxide (CO) and water vapor (H 2 O) to be retrieved. These results provide a detailed global description of the seasonal and spatial distribution of CO in the Mars atmosphere and new information about the interannual variability of H2O. The CRISM retrievals show the seasonally and globally averaged carbon monoxide mixing ratio to be near 800 parts per million, but with strong seasonal variations, especially at high latitudes. At low latitudes, the carbon monoxide mixing ratio varies in response to the mean seasonal cycle of surface pressure and shows little variation with topography. At high latitudes, carbon monoxide is depleted in the summer hemisphere by a factor of two or more, while in the winter hemisphere there is relatively higher mixing ratio in regions with low-lying topography. Water vapor shows only modest interannual variations, with the largest observed difference being unusually dry conditions in the wake of the Mars Year 28 global dust storm. Modeling results from the GEM (Global Environmental Multiscale) - Mars general circulation model generally reproduce the observed seasonal and spatial trends and provide insight into the underlying physical processes.

Published
2017
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36. Variations in Vertical CO/CO 2 Profiles in the Martian Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Measured by the ExoMars TGO/NOMAD: Implications of Variations in Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

Author

Yoshida, Nao, primary, Nakagawa, Hiromu, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Koyama, Shungo, additional, Terada, Naoki, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Murata, Isao, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Liuzzi, Giuliano, additional, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Brines, Adrian, additional, Modak, Ashimananda, additional, Kasaba, Yasumasa, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, López‐Moreno, José Juan, additional, and Patel, Manish, additional

Published
2022
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37. Impact of gradients at the Martian terminator on the retrieval of ozone from TGO/NOMAD-UVIS

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Viscardy, Sebastian, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon P., additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Wolff, Mike, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2022
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39. First Detection and Thermal Characterization of Terminator CO 2 Ice Clouds With ExoMars/NOMAD

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, primary, Villanueva, Geronimo L., additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Crismani, Matteo M. J., additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Lopez‐Valverde, Miguel Angel, additional, Stolzenbach, Aurélien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Clancy, R. Todd, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez‐Moreno, Jose‐Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2021
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40. ExoMars TGO/NOMAD‐UVIS Vertical Profiles of Ozone: 2. The High‐Altitude Layers of Atmospheric Ozone

Author

Khayat, Alain S. J., primary, Smith, Michael D., additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Vandaele, Ann C., additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and López‐Moreno, José Juan, additional

Published
2021
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41. Variation of CO/CO2 profiles in the Marian mesosphere and lower thermosphere retrieved from TGO/NOMAD

Author

Yoshida, Nao, primary, Nakagawa, Hiromu, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Murata, Isao, additional, Thomas, Ian, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Koyama, Shungo, additional, Terada, Naoki, additional, Yasumasa, Kasaba, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and López Moreno, José Juan, additional

Published
2021
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42. Relationship between the ozone and water vapour vertical profiles on Mars observed by NOMAD-TGO

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2021
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43. The Martian environment observed by NOMAD on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, primary, Daerden, Frank, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Depiesse, Cédric, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Piccialli, Arianna, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Viscardy, Sébastien, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Gérard, Jean-Claude, additional, Villanueva, Geronimo, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Valverde, Miguel, additional, and Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional

Published
2021
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44. ExoMars TGO/NOMAD-UVIS Vertical Profiles of Ozone: 2. The High-Altitude Layers of Atmospheric Ozone

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Belgian Science Policy Office, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), UK Space Agency, National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Khayat, Alain S. J., Smith, Michael D., Wolff, Michael, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Patel, Manish R., Piccialli, Arianna, Vandaele, Ann C., Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cedric, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Belgian Science Policy Office, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), UK Space Agency, National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Khayat, Alain S. J., Smith, Michael D., Wolff, Michael, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Patel, Manish R., Piccialli, Arianna, Vandaele, Ann C., Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cedric, Bellucci, Giancarlo, and López-Moreno, José Juan

Abstract

Solar occultations performed by the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) ultraviolet and visible spectrometer (UVIS) onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) have provided a comprehensive mapping of atmospheric ozone density. The observations here extend over a full Mars year (MY) between April 21, 2018 at the beginning of the TGO science operations during late northern summer on Mars (MY 34, Ls = 163°) and March 9, 2020 (MY 35). UVIS provided transmittance spectra of the Martian atmosphere allowing measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone density using its Hartley absorption band (200–300 nm). The overall comparison to water vapor is found in the companion paper to this work (Patel et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE006837). Our findings indicate the presence of (a) a high-altitude peak of ozone between 40 and 60 km in altitude over the north polar latitudes for at least 45% of the Martian year during midnorthern spring, late northern summer-early southern spring, and late southern summer, and (b) a second, but more prominent, high-altitude ozone peak in the south polar latitudes, lasting for at least 60% of the year including the southern autumn and winter seasons. When present, both high-altitude peaks are observed in the sunrise and sunset occultations, suggesting that the layers could persist during the day. Results from the Mars general circulation models predict the general behavior of these peaks of ozone and are used in an attempt to further our understanding of the chemical processes controlling high-altitude ozone on Mars. © 2021 The Authors. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Published
2021

45. Comprehensive investigation of Mars methane and organics with ExoMars/NOMAD

Author

Belgian Science Policy Office, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), UK Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Knutsen, Elise W., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Crismani, Matteo M. J., Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Viscardy, Sébastien, Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loic, Neary, Lori, Ristic, Bojan, López-Valverde, M. A., López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Karatekin, Ozgur, Bellucci, Giancarlo, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), UK Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Knutsen, Elise W., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Crismani, Matteo M. J., Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Daerden, Frank, Viscardy, Sébastien, Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loic, Neary, Lori, Ristic, Bojan, López-Valverde, M. A., López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Karatekin, Ozgur, and Bellucci, Giancarlo

Abstract

Methane (CH4) on Mars has attracted a great deal of attention since it was first detected in January 2003. As methane is considered a potential marker for past/present biological or geological activity, any possible detection would require evidence with strong statistical significance. Ethane (C2H6) and ethylene (C2H4) are also relevant chemical species as their shorter lifetimes in the Martian atmosphere make them excellent tracers for recent and ongoing releases. If detected, a CH4/C2Hn ratio could aid in constraining the potential source of organic production. Here we present the results of an extensive search for hydrocarbons in the Martian atmosphere in 240,000 solar occultation measurements performed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/NOMAD instrument from April 2018 to April 2019. The observations are global, covering all longitudes and latitudes from 85°N to 85°S, and sampled from 6 to 100 km altitude with a typical vertical resolution of 2 km. There were no statistically significant detections of organics and new stringent upper limits for global ethane and ethylene were set at 0.1 ppbv and 0.7 ppbv, respectively. No global background level of methane was observed, obtaining an upper limit of 0.06 ppbv, in agreement with early results from ExoMars (Korablev et al., 2019). Dedicated searches for localized plumes at more than 2000 locations provided no positive detections, implying that if methane were released in strong and rapid events, the process would have to be sporadic. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

46. The climatology of carbon monoxide on Mars as observed by NOMAD nadir-geometry observations

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Belgian Science Policy Office, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Smith, Michael D., Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Khayat, Alain S. J., Holmes, James A., Patel, Manish R., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, Vandaele, Ann Carine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Belgian Science Policy Office, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Smith, Michael D., Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Khayat, Alain S. J., Holmes, James A., Patel, Manish R., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Liuzzi, Giuliano, Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Abstract

More than a full Martian year of observations have now been made by the Nadir Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument suite on-board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Radiative transfer modeling of NOMAD observations taken in the nadir geometry enable the seasonal and global-scale variations of carbon monoxide gas in the Martian atmosphere to be characterized. These retrievals show the column-averaged volume mixing ratio of carbon monoxide to be about 800 ppmv, with significant variations at high latitudes caused by the condensation and sublimation of the background CO2 gas. Near summer solstice in each hemisphere, the CO volume mixing ratio falls to 400 ppmv in the south and 600 ppmv in the north. At low latitudes, carbon monoxide volume mixing ratio inversely follows the annual cycle of surface pressure. Comparison of our retrieved CO volume mixing ratio against that computed by the GEM-Mars general circulation model reveals a good match in their respective seasonal and spatial trends, and can provide insight into the physical processes that control the distribution of CO gas in the current Martian atmosphere. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2021

47. Probing the Atmospheric Cl Isotopic Ratio on Mars: Implications for Planetary Evolution and Atmospheric Chemistry

Author

Belgian Science Policy Office, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), UK Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, European Space Agency, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Viscardy, Sebastien, Mège, Daniel, Crismani, Matteo M. J., Aoki, Shohei, Gurgurewicz, Joanna, Tesson, Pierre-Antoine, Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Faggi, Sara, Kofman, Vincent, Knutsen, Elise W., Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Schmidt, Frédéric, Trompet, Loïc., Erwin, Justin T., Robert, Séverine, Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., Vandaele, Ann Carine, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), UK Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, European Space Agency, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Villanueva, Geronimo L., Viscardy, Sebastien, Mège, Daniel, Crismani, Matteo M. J., Aoki, Shohei, Gurgurewicz, Joanna, Tesson, Pierre-Antoine, Mumma, Michael J., Smith, Michael D., Faggi, Sara, Kofman, Vincent, Knutsen, Elise W., Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Schmidt, Frédéric, Trompet, Loïc., Erwin, Justin T., Robert, Séverine, Thomas, Ian R., Ristic, Bojan, Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, José Juan, Patel, Manish R., and Vandaele, Ann Carine

Abstract

Following the recent detection of HCl in the atmosphere of Mars by ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter, we present here the first measurement of the 37Cl/35Cl isotopic ratio in the Martian atmosphere using a set of Nadir Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) observations. We determine an isotopic anomaly of −6 ± 78‰ compared to Earth standard, consistent with the −51‰–−1‰ measured on Mars’ surface by Curiosity. The measured isotopic ratio is also consistent with surface measurements, and suggests that Cl reservoirs may have undergone limited processing since formation in the Solar Nebula. The examination of possible sources and sinks of HCl shows only limited pathways to short-term efficient Cl fractionation and many plausible reservoirs of “light” Cl. © 2021. American Geophysical Union.

Published
2021

48. Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Carbon Monoxide (CO) in the Martian Atmosphere From PFS/MEX Observations

Author

Bouche, Jimmy, Coheur, Pierre, Giuranna, Marco, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Nardi, Luca, Amoroso, Marilena, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, Bauduin, Sophie, Bouche, Jimmy, Coheur, Pierre, Giuranna, Marco, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Nardi, Luca, Amoroso, Marilena, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Daerden, Frank, Neary, Lori, and Bauduin, Sophie

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

49. Probing the Atmospheric Cl Isotopic Ratio on Mars: Implications for Planetary Evolution and Atmospheric Chemistry

Author

Liuzzi, Giuliano, primary, Villanueva, Geronimo L., additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Mège, Daniel, additional, Crismani, Matteo M. J., additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Gurgurewicz, Joanna, additional, Tesson, Pierre‐Antoine, additional, Mumma, Michael J., additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Kofman, Vincent, additional, Knutsen, Elise W., additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Schmidt, Frédéric, additional, Trompet, Loïc, additional, Erwin, Justin T., additional, Robert, Séverine, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez‐Moreno, Jóse Juan, additional, Patel, Manish R., additional, and Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional

Published
2021
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50. Ozone vertical profiles from TGO/NOMAD-UVIS: an inter-comparison of three retrieval schemes

Author

Piccialli, Arianna, primary, Vandaele, Ann Carine, additional, Willame, Yannick, additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Depiesse, Cedric, additional, Trompet, Loic, additional, Neary, Lori, additional, Viscardy, Sebastien, additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Erwin, Justin, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Khayat, Alain, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, and Lopez Moreno, Jose Juan, additional

Published
2021
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