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This study focused on the effect of economic empowerment for women on family stability among families in Imenti North Sub-County. This study used the quantitative method for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. The descriptive design helped to describe, explain and validate the findings. The data collected was both primary and secondary data by use of a questionnaire. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using the descriptive techniques and inferential statistics with the help of data analysis software -Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). The study found out that a majority of the career women were working full-time and they have been engaged in their careers for a period of 5-10 years. Economic empowerment of women was found to reduce their reliance on their husbands and be able to take care of their needs and enjoy their rights. However, it was reported that there are instances of arguments among spouses over finances. Career women should seek professional counselling services to equip them with adequate skills of managing psychological stress emanating from their careers as well as family commitments. This will help them deal with the situations, thus reducing occurrences of depression and extreme stress that would lead to health complications as well as family stability.

The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of beliefs on help-seeking behaviour among caregivers of mental health patients in Gilgil Sub County Hospital, Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was based on the ex post facto design. The target population was 77 caregivers of mental health patients in Gilgil Sub County Hospital. Purposive and stratified sampling was used to select 66 respondents. The study utilized the semi-structured questionnaire for caregivers to collect data. A pilot study was carried out in Nakuru County Referral Hospital to ensure that the instrument was reliable and valid. A reliability coefficient of 0.78 was established using Cronbach alpha. The validity of the research instruments was also guaranteed by generating them in line with the research objective and consultation with the supervisors. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, which included mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistics, which included correlation and regression analysis. Data was analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. From the findings, the study concluded that the variance in help-seeking behaviour among caregivers of mental health patients in Gilgil Sub County Hospital. The most significant influence was explained by caregivers’ beliefs. The study recommends that the hospital should formulate programs for caregivers to overcome the psychosocial challenges that inhibit help-seeking behaviour. The study findings are expected to provide relevant information on the influence of psychosocial factors on help-seeking behaviours among caregivers of mental health patients.

The purpose of the study was to analyse the influence of authoritative parenting style on the self-esteem of delinquents at the rehabilitation centers in Nakuru. The theories that were identified for this study included Baumrind Theory on parenting styles, Adult Attachment theory by John Bowlby and Carl Rogers Theory in Self Theory on Personality Development. The study adopted a descriptive survey design while using a quantitative method. The study had a target population of sixty-seven delinquents in Nakuru Juvenile Remand and Probation Hostels for Girls. The entire population (census) was used for this study meaning that all the 67 delinquents at the time of study participated. The study used a descriptive data analysis technique and inferences pointing out the relationship between the dependent and independent variables were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation. The study found out that there is a significant strong relationship between the Authoritative parenting style and the self-esteem of delinquents at the Nakuru rehabilitation centers (P

This study investigated the effects of Family financial management on marital stability of married persons in Lanet/ Umoja Ward in Nakuru-North Sub-County, Nakuru County. The study used the theories of Functioning Family Systems mainly by Murray Bowen, which focuses on patterns that develop in families in order to defuse anxiety. A target population of 498 married persons was randomly selected featuring those who have been in marriage for ten years or less. A smaller sample of 50 married persons (representing 10%) was randomly extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to describe how the dependent variable related to the independent variables in terms of percentages. The study indicated that management of family finances significantly affected marital stability. This is because some married persons dedicate most of their time in pursuit of wealth and in the process, literally forget their families. They seek to invest for their family at the expense of investing in their families. The study recommends that spouses intending to get married should undertake premarital counseling regarding financial management to guarantee marital stability.

Background Control of gambiense sleeping sickness relies predominantly on passive and active screening of people, followed by treatment. Methods Mathematical modeling explores the potential of 3 complementary interventions in high- and low-transmission settings. Results Intervention strategies that included vector control are predicted to halt transmission most quickly. Targeted active screening, with better and more focused coverage, and enhanced passive surveillance, with improved access to diagnosis and treatment, are both estimated to avert many new infections but, when used alone, are unlikely to halt transmission before 2030 in high-risk settings. Conclusions There was general model consensus in the ranking of the 3 complementary interventions studied, although with discrepancies between the quantitative predictions due to differing epidemiological assumptions within the models. While these predictions provide generic insights into improving control, the most effective strategy in any situation depends on the specific epidemiology in the region and the associated costs.

application/pdf, Camel trypanosomosis (Surra) is one of the most important diseases affecting camel calves. It presents itself as an acute form and is usually fatal if treatment is not carried out. A study was initiated at Mogwooni ranch in Laikipia district of Kenya to survey the prevalence of trypanosomosis in camel calves of mixed breeds, and to evaluate the microhaematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT), monoclonal antibody based card latex agglutination test (Suratex®), wet smear and mouse inoculation (MI) in the diagnosis of the disease in camels. The tests were assessed for a period of 16 months. The mean Trypanosoma evansi prevalence ranged from 4.5% as determined by the wet smear, 11.1% by MHCT, 14.6% by MI, to 28.3% by Suratex®. Young calf death rate due to trypanosomosis was 12.3% while overall mortality rate was 15.0%. The cost of veterinary care (anti-helminthics, acaricides and trypanocides) was on average US$ 4.6 per calf per year. It is thus recommended that diagnosis accompanied by proper treatment be carried out routinely for the survival of camel calves in trypanosomosis endemic areas.

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Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.), the causative agent of the East African form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is capable of crossing the blood brain barrier and invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is not clear whether bloodstream forms (BSF) of T.b.rhodesiense differ in biological characteristics from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) forms. The present study was carried out to compare the pathogenicity of CSF and BSF of T.b. rhodesiense parasites in Swiss white mice following intraperitoneal inoculation with 106 trypanosomes. The parasites were tested for presence of the serum resistance associated (SRA) gene. Parasitaemia, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and survival of the mice was monitored daily until the experiment was terminated. Data was analyzed using general linear model. Both forms of parasite were positive for the SRA gene, and there was no significant difference in progression of parasitaemia, PCV values or survival of the mice. However, the weights of BSF infected mice initially dropped faster than those of CSF infected mice (P

Maize is the staple food crop and source of income for majority of the Kenyan population and many sub-Saharan African countries. The increasing Kenyan population demands an increase in maize production if intermittent food deficits have to be averted. Since the introduction of improved maize varieties in mid-1960, the start of Green Revolution period, maize yields increased drastically up to 1970s and started declining from 1980s to-date. The key contributory factors are nutrient mining, sub-optimal input use and insect pest damage. Of the insect pests, stalk borer is of economic importance. Currently, KARI and CIMMYT are developing maize varieties that are tolerant to stalk borer damage. In order to evaluate the potential impact of these interventions economics of stalk borer control at farm level was evaluated. Surveys complemented with on-farm trials were executed in six major maize growing zones of Kenya. Farmers were randomly selected and a sample-frame established after which a total of 1854 households were randomly selected using random sampling technique. Each household was interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data on method of stalk borer control and the type insecticides used was collected. Partial budget and economic surplus models were used. The results indicated that very few farmers control stalk borer in maize despite significant stalk borer losses of about 15%. Therefore if Bt maize is introduced in Kenya it is likely to reduce these losses. This will benefit many hungry and poor Kenyans with improved household food supply and on farm incomes, in line with Government policy of food security and poverty eradication.