Search

Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) and particularly relevant vector machines (RVMs) have drawn much attention to improving the performance of existing machine learning models. The methodology depends on a parameterized prior that enforces models with weight sparsity, where only a few are non-zeros. Wideband mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems with lens antenna array (LAA), expect to play a key role in future fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. To provide the beamforming gain required to overcome path loss, we consider a lens antenna array (LAA)-based beamspace mMIMO system. However, the spatial-wideband influence causes the beam squint effect to emerge, making the beamspace channel path components exhibit a unique frequency-dependent sparse structure, and thus nullifies the frequency domain common support assumption. In this paper, we first propose a channel estimation (CE) algorithm, namely a reduced-antenna selection progressive support-detection (RAS-PSD), for the wideband mmWave mMIMO-OFDM systems with LAA, which considers the beam squint effect. Secondly, by exploring Bayesian learning (BL), a Gaussian Process hyperparameter optimization-based CE (GP-HOCE) algorithm is proposed for the considered system, where both its own hyperparameter and the hyperparameters of its adjacent neighbors governs the sparsity of each coefficient. The simulation results show that the wideband beamspace channel coefficients can be estimated more efficiently than those of the existing state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) of CE for wideband mmWave mMIMO-OFDM systems.

This paper presents the designs of phase shifters for multi-beam Nolen matrix towards the fifth generation (5G) technology at 26 GHz. The low-cost, lightweight and compact size 0° and 45° loaded stubs and chamfered 90°, 135° and 180° Schiffman phase shifters are proposed at 26 GHz. An edge at a corner of the 50 Ω microstrip line Schiffman phase shifter is chamfered to reduce the excess capacitance and unwanted reflection. However, the Schiffman phase shifter topology is not relevant to be applied for the phase shifter less than 45° as it needs very small arc bending at 26 GHz. The stubs are loaded to the phase shifter in order to obtain electrical lengths, which are less than 45°. The proposed phase shifters provide return loss better than 10 dB, insertion loss of -0.97 dB and phase difference imbalance of ± 4.04° between 25.75 GHz and 26.25 GHz. The Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate thickness of 0.254 mm is implemented in the designs.