Search

The world has witnessed changes in teaching and learning attitudes ever since the dawn of the technological revolution. Additionally, the overwhelming propensity for technology among Indian teachers and pupils has had a great effect on the country's educational system. On this basis, a study was done to determine how much teachers and students could gain from sharing precursory e-lessons through a messaging app. The main objective of this study was to investigate how to bring each student to one level, and how to focus parallelly while teaching. First, a pre-test was administered to the experimental group and the control group. After pre-testing, the experimental group underwent the intervention procedure. The benefits of precursory e-lesson sharing combined with face-to-face training were then evaluated using a post-test. It was concluded that this study not only made information transfer easier, more interesting, and more permanent, but also created a balance in the learning levels of the majority of students.

A new inverse family of the iterative method is interrogated in the present article for simultaneously estimating all distinct and multiple roots of nonlinear polynomial equations. Convergence analysis proves that the order of convergence of the newly constructed family of methods is two. The computer algebra systems CAS-Mathematica is used to determine the lower bound of convergence order, which justifies the local convergence of the newly developed method. Some nonlinear models from physics, chemistry, and engineering sciences are considered to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed family of inverse simultaneous methods in comparison to classical methods in the literature. The computational time in seconds and residual error graph of the inverse simultaneous methods are also presented to elaborate their convergence behavior.

In this attempt, we investigate the mixed convection in Sutterby fluid flow based on boundary layer approximation. Heat transport analysis is composed of stratification and thermal radiative phenomena. The system of non-linear PDEs is transformed into coupled ODEs. Convergent series approximations are evaluated via homotopic technique. Influence of various pertinent parameters is sketched and graphically analyzed. It is found that horizontal velocity increments for higher mixed convection parameter. The radiation parameter has a similar relation with temperature whereas the stratification parameter shows opposite behavior for temperature field.

In this work, we construct a new family of inverse iterative numerical technique for extracting all roots of nonlinear equation simultaneously. Convergence analysis verifies that the proposed family of methods has local 10th-order convergence. Among the test models investigated are blood rheology, a fractional nonlinear equation model, fluid permeability in biogels, and beam localization models. In comparison to other methods, the family of inverse simultaneous iterative techniques gets initial estimations to exact roots within a given tolerance while using less function evaluations in each iterative step. Numerical results, basins of attraction for fractional nonlinear equation, residual graphs are presented in detail for the simultaneous iterative techniques. The newly developed simultaneous iterative techniques were thoroughly investigated and proven to be efficient, robust, and authentic in their domain.

In this article, we construct a family of iterative methods for finding a single root of nonlinear equation and then generalize this family of iterative methods for determining all roots of nonlinear equations simultaneously. Further we extend this family of root estimating methods for solving a system of nonlinear equations. Convergence analysis shows that the order of convergence is 3 in case of the single root finding method as well as for the system of nonlinear equations and is 5 for simultaneous determination of all distinct and multiple roots of a nonlinear equation. The computational cost, basin of attraction, efficiency, log of residual and numerical test examples show that the newly constructed methods are more efficient as compared to the existing methods in literature.

A highly efficient new three-step derivative-free family of numerical iterative schemes for estimating all roots of polynomial equations is presented. Convergence analysis proved that the proposed simultaneous iterative method possesses 12th-order convergence locally. Numerical examples and computational cost are given to demonstrate the capability of the method presented.

This paper develops optimal family of fourth-order iterative techniques in order to find a single root and to generalize them for simultaneous finding of all roots of polynomial equation. Convergence study reveals that for single root finding methods, its optimal convergence order is 4, while for simultaneous methods, it is 12. Computational cost and numerical illustrations demonstrate that the newly developed family of methods outperformed the previous methods available in the literature.

Mannose-binding lectins (MBL1) gene a most important constituent of immune response system of an organism, the primary role of this gene in the classical and lectin-activation pathways is to provide protection against various dieases or bacterial pathogens. In this study, eight novel SNPs identified in the promoter region of MBL1 gene were 154C>T, 235G>A, 252A>T, 265C>A, 268T>C, 282G>A, 431G>A and 551C>G, when compared to reference sequence of Bubalus bubalis (NCBI accession number KC415281). Genomic DNA isolated from 200 lactating Murrah buffaloes was amplified for the targeted sequence of MBL1. PCR products were custom sequenced, edited and used for further analysis. The results indicated that only 551C>G polymorphism locus met Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (c2 (2df) = 4.4: P=0.11). Pair linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype construction of MBL1 gene were performed using SHEsis software. Pair linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed moderate to strong linkage disequilibrium between the eight SNPs loci A total of 17 haplotypes were generated from eight SNPs in promoter region of MBL1 gene. Association between eight SNPs of MBL1 gene in Murrah buffalo has been analyzed and relative risks of the alleles for clinical mastitis were estimated with an odds ratio. Allelic association analysis showed that T allele of 154C>T, A allele of 235G>A, A allele of 252A>T, A allele of 265C>A , T allele of 268T>C, A allele of 282G>A , A allele of 431G>A and G allele of 551C>G had significant association with increased risk of clinical mastitis (P< 0.01). Haplotype analysis showed that Hap15 (CAAATAAG) and Hap16 (TAAATAAG) i.e. the haplotypes containing all 8 “at-risk” alleles, were significantly associated with clinical mastitis (P< 0.01). Hap6 (CGAATAAC) and Hap8 (CGTCCGGC) were significantly associated with a lower risk of clinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes (P< 0.01).On the other hand, the Hap6 (CGAATAAC) and Hap8 (CGTCCGGC) which are unrepresented in affected group and without “at-risk” alleles were significantly associated with a lower risk for clinical mastitis (P

In this article, we construct an optimal family of iterative methods for finding the single root and then extend this family for determining all the distinct as well as multiple roots of single-variable nonlinear equations simultaneously. Convergence analysis is presented for both the cases to show that the optimal order of convergence is 4 in the case of single root finding methods and 6 for simultaneous determination of all distinct as well as multiple roots of a nonlinear equation. The computational cost, basins of attraction, efficiency, log of residual, and numerical test examples show that the newly constructed methods are more efficient as compared to the existing methods in the literature.

This analysis communicates the thermophoretic and Brownian motion aspects in magneto-peristalsis with variable viscosity characteristics of viscous material. The magnetic and porosity characteristics of Darcy and Darcy–Forchheimer are considered. Mixed convection is taken in momentum equation via thermal and concentration coefficients. Viscosity is engaged as a variable function of temperature. Moreover, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Joule heating aspects are taken into heat equation. Mass equation is discussed in the presence of chemical reaction. Boundary constraints for velocity are taken as the second-order convective condition for heat, and heat mass flux effects are also present. Irreversibility phenomenon is discussed via entropy and Bejan number. Flow modeling is simplified through large wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The dimensionless simplified system of coupled equations is solved numerically. Numerical solution of the system is acquired via built-in shooting procedure. It is noticed that velocity depicts the opposite behavior at center and channel boundary. Chemical reaction enhances the fluid concentration at center, while heat and mass transfer rates have opposite behaviors for thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The present results are beneficial to study the entropy generation with various non-Newtonian nanofluid models. The present situation of the proposed problem occurs in various biological and engineering industries.

In the present investigation, we have studied the effects of heat transfer on the peristaltic flow considering the Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid model. The fluid is flowing in a uniform circular tube in the form of wave motion. The inner walls of the tube are considered to be ciliated with small hair-like structures. Exact solutions have been derived for velocity, temperature and pressure gradient. Mechanical properties of the fluid, such as velocity, temperature, pressure rise and pressure gradient, have been discussed graphically. Trapping phenomena due to the variation of physical parameters have been deliberated. It has been observed that when the viscous forces are greater than the elastic forces, the velocity of the fluid flow significantly decreases, thermal conductivity of the fluid improves and the pressure gradient along the tube increases.

In this attempt, we scrutinize the effects of Sutterby nanoliquid flow deformed by a linearly stretchable sheet. Inclined magnetic field is included to explore the features of electrically conducting fluid. Thermal stratification phenomenon is implemented over a horizontal sheet to elaborate the features of heat transfer. Variable fluid feature is also accounted. Zero mass flux condition is incorporated along with Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis phenomenon Using the suitable transformations, the system of partial differential equations are transmuted into coupled system of ordinary differential equations. Approximate analytical solutions are computed via homotopic approach. Graphical behavior of applicable parameters on temperature, velocity, and concentration fields are illustrated and elaborated. Skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are computed and analyzed. It is found that increase in fluid parameter declines the velocity field whereas temperature field rises for higher thermal conductivity parameter. Heat transfer rate decays for thermal stratification phenomenon. The current attempt is incorporated in diverse processes of industry and engineering including cooling and heating processes in solar water heater, building insulation, electronics, turbines, transportation, power generation, geothermal systems, and engines. Moreover, Sutterby model predicts the characteristics of pseudo-plastic and dilatant fluids. This model is very useful for high polymer solutions and polymer melts which are important industrial materials. Owing by such applications, the present examination has been established. Keywords: Sutterby fluid, Nanofluid, Thermal stratification, Variable thermal conductivity, Inclined MHD, Zero mass flux condition

In this article, effects of cilia-driven flow of a Jeffrey fluid in a vertical tube are discussed. Mixed convection effects are also considered. Jeffrey fluid equations are simplified by the well-known assumptions of small Reynolds number and large wavelength. An exact solution has been managed for the simplified equations. The ciliated motion features are investigated by plots and are discussed in detail. The consequences show that the pumping machinery functions more competently drive forward Jeffrey fluid than Newtonian fluid. The results may help us better understand the transportation of bio-fluids in the human body.

In this study, heat generation (or absorption) in flow of stagnant Sutterby fluid past over a linearly shrinking sheet is analyzed. Heat transfer features are explored by implementing thermal stratification phenomenon. Cattaneo–Chrostov theory is also implemented to analyze the heat flow behavior instead of conventional law of Fourier. The constitutive flow laws are transmuted into non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential equations by the suitable variables. Homotopic procedure is adopted to solve the flow equations for the convergent iterative solutions. The behavior of fluid temperature and velocity profile are analyzed and discussed graphically for the eminent parameters involved in the governing laws. In this attempt the major found is that decreasing trend is observed in temperture distribution for thermal stratification parameter, heat generation (or absorption) paramere and thermal relaxation parameter. Morover, graphical results illustrate that behavior of velocity and temperature distributions are more dominant for $$\hbox {n}=2$$ as compared to $$\hbox {n}=1$$ .

An innovative approach to escalate the heat generation in peristalsis flow of MHD nanofluids filled in an asymmetric channel is proposed. Three different shapes of nanoparticles, namely (1) spherical, (2) disc and (3) cylindrical are utilized. Results for temperature, velocity and concentrations have been obtained analytically. The physical features for heat generation, concentration, pressure gradient, pressure rise and magnetic parameter have been elaborated graphically, whereas effects of Nusselt number and skin friction have been numerically computed by using the MATLAB software. For bolus features, trapping phenomena are also inspected by dint of stream lines. It is found that cylindrical shapes of nanoparticles have very low thermal conductivity as compared to spherical and disc shapes. Moreover, it is seen that the heat generation parameter always increases the temperature of nanofluid, and consequently, the trapping phenomena produce more boluses for larger values of heat source parameter.

This article concentrates on the properties of three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic flow of a viscous fluid saturated with Darcy porous medium deformed by a nonlinear variable thickened surface. Analysis of flow is disclosed in the neighborhood of stagnation point. Features of heat transport are characterized with Newtonian heating and variable thermal conductivity. Mass transport is carried out with first order chemical reaction and variable mass diffusivity. Resulting governing equations are transformed by implementation of appropriate transformations. Analytical convergent series solutions are computed via homotopic technique. Physical aspects of numerous parameters are discussed through graphical data. Drag force coefficient, Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are illustrated through graphs corresponding to various pertinent parameters. Graphical discussion reveals that conjugate and constructive chemical reaction parameters enhance the temperature and concentration distributions, respectively.

A highly efficient two-step simultaneous iterative computer method is established here for solving polynomial equations. A suitable special type of correction helps us to achieve a very high computational efficiency as compared to the existing methods so far in the literature. Analysis of simultaneous scheme proves that its convergence order is 14. Residual graphs are also provided to demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the newly constructed simultaneous computer method in comparison with the methods given in the literature. In the end, some engineering problems and some higher degree complex polynomials are solved numerically to validate its numerical performance.

The study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variation of stress response parameters due to induced transportation stress in goats during different seasons, i.e. winter, hot dry and hot humi...

Pakistan is undergoing political turmoil once again. Once again an elected prime minister was first removed in July 2017, and then barred from fighting elections for life on April 13, 2018.1 Some p...

The dissipation of geopolitical rivalries at the end of the Cold War exposed an oft-overlooked dimension of sociopolitical challenges. States worldwide have long faced challenges concerning how to ...

The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of induced transportation stress in goats and to seek a novel approach to minimize the transportation and seasonal effect on the physiology of goats by supplementing them with Vitamin C and Jaggery before transportation. Fifty goats were selected and divided into five groups with ten animals in each group. Group 1 served as negative control and was neither supplemented nor transported, while as goats in groups 2 to group 5 were transported for 10 hours on the day of transportation. Group 2 goats were not supplemented; group 3 goats were supplemented with Vitamin C @180 mg/kg body weight/day; group 4 goats were supplemented with jaggery @200g/day/animal; group 5 was supplemented with both vitamin C and jaggery for 5 days before transportation. Effect of transportation stress varied significantly among groups in terms of haematological, biochemical, hormonal, mineral and blood gas parameters. Transportation up to 10 hours induced stress in goats during hot dry season as represented by changes in different physiological parameters and body weight shrinkages. Supplementation of Vitamin C and Jaggery aided in reducing transportation stress individually, with variable effects on stress response parameters and there combination synergistically proved promising in alleviating transportation stress in goats.

Husain Haqqani, Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. India: Penguin/Viking, 2016, pp. xv + 462, ₹699, ISBN: 9780670088560, hardback.

We construct a family of two-step optimal fourth order iterative methods for finding single root of non-linear equations. We generalize these methods to simultaneous iterative methods for determining all the distinct as well as multiple roots of single variable non-linear equations. Convergence analysis is present for both cases to show that the order of convergence is four in case of single root finding method and is twelve for simultaneous determination of all roots of non-linear equation. The computational cost, Basin of attraction, efficiency, log of residual and numerical test examples shows, the newly constructed methods are more efficient as compared to the existing methods in literature.

An efficient simultaneous method for approximating all the distinct roots of non-linear equation is constructed here. This method is then generalized for determining multiple roots of non-linear equation. It is proved that the simultaneous method is of convergence order twelve and has better computational efficiency as compared to some other simultaneous methods in the literature. At the end, numerical test examples are provided to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed simultaneous iterative methods.

In this article, we first construct a family of optimal 2-step iterative methods for finding a single root of the nonlinear equation using the procedure of weight function. We then extend these methods for determining all roots simultaneously. Convergence analysis is presented for both cases to show that the order of convergence is 4 in case of the single-root finding method and is 6 for simultaneous determination of all distinct as well as multiple roots of a nonlinear equation. The dynamical behavior is presented to analyze the stability of fixed and critical points of the rational operator of one-point iterative methods. The computational cost, basins of attraction, efficiency, log of the residual, and numerical test examples show that the newly constructed methods are more efficient as compared with the existing methods in the literature.