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هدف البحث الى: بناء مقياس دور شخصية اللاعبة والعوامل الاجتماعية التي تحول دون تطبيق لائحة الاحتراف في كرة القدم النسوية بالأندية الرياضية في العراق، وأستعمل الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي لملائمته طبيعة البحث، ويتكون مجتمع البحث من الهيئات الإدارية في الأندية الرياضية العراقية المستوفية لكل محافظة حسب كتاب وزارة الشباب والرياضة البالغ عددهم (264) نادي وتم اختيار العينة بالطريقة العمدية وتكونت من (528) اداري واستنتج الباحثان ان عدم توفر أماكن ملائمة للتدريب ونظرة المجتمع للمرأة وأنها خلقت لإدارة شؤون العائلة والمنزل فقط وأن الدعم المقدم للأندية والاتحادات التي بادرت بفتح أنشطتها أمام النساء لا يزال محدود واوصى الباحثان ان الرياضة النسوية تتطلب الكثير من المقومات، بدءاً من الرغبة الداخلية لممارسة هذه اللعبة والنجاح فيها، لافتا إلى أن عدم تهيئة الظروف المناسبة لممارسة النساء لمثل هذه اللعبة يجعل أمر عدم وصوله عل المستوى المحلي والعربي متوقعاً.

Sustainability-related risk and vulnerability management have attained significant attention from academia and industry. Manufacturing industries in developing countries such as Pakistan are under severe economic pressure and striving to boost sustainable supply chain practices for achieving business excellence. In this context, the objectives of the present research are to examine the critical supply chain risks associated with sustainable development goals, namely social, economic, and environmental factors. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique is employed for categorizing the risk factors and Pareto analysis for highlighting the more crucial and risky factors. For this purpose, a large-scale survey was carried out in the textile industries of Pakistan to develop a risk mitigation model for sustainability-related risks and vulnerability in a textile supply chain (TSC). It captures the input expressions of experts for risk factors, namely severity (s), occurrence (o), and detection (d) for calculating the risk priority numbers (RPNs) of identified alternatives. The results depict that endogenous environmental risks categorize as the most significant for the textile manufacturing industries, and the interfaces between the various risks associated with sustainability-related are also found very high. This study would be a toolkit for the industrial managers and policy-makers for creating sustainable manufacturing culture on organizational premises.

Drought stress is a most imperative environmental factor that often constrains crop production worldwide. The less availability of organic matter in soil and less available water are the major ecological issues to the world food security. In the current investigation, a pot experiment was conducted to the effect of animal manure and biochar on morpho-physiological and quality parameters of maize under well water and water deficit conditions. The maize hybrid 30-32-30 was grown in pots by using CRD factorial arrangement. The experiment was comprised of four treatments and five replications under both well water and water deficit. Treatments were consisting of sole and combined application of animal manure and biochar @ 10 t ha-1 while the combination have 1:1 ratio under both water regimes. Pots under well water were irrigated at 100% FC, while water deficit were irrigated on bases of 50% FC. After about 2 months of sowing, data related to its morpho-physiological and quality attributes were recorded. The observations revealed that deficit irrigation negatively affects the growth and quality of maize. The loss in shoot fresh and dry biomass was 38.5 and 42.5% under deficit irrigation as compared to well-watered control, however, combined applied animal manure and biochar improved it 48.5 and 71.3%, respectively. Similarly, root fresh and dry biomass were decreased to 44.8 and 86.4% by deficit irrigation, therefore, maximum improvement i.e. 68.8 and 96.4% was observed under the combination of organic matter and biochar. However, combined application of animal manure and biochar also best improved stem girth (67%), stem length (35%), no. of leaves plant-1 (67.7%), no. of nodes plant-1 (75%), chlorophyll contents (16.6%), Water use efficiency (93.3%) and photosynthetic rate (45%) as compare to control treatment, under water deficit conditions, showing that the combined application of amendments is more useful for maize growth than the sole application. However, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were reduced to 9.3 and 17.1% under combined use of animal manure and biochar in deficit irrigation treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that maize production can be improved by the combined use of biochar and animal manure under deficit irrigation, however detailed field research is required before wide applications in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores and documents the traditional medicinal uses of weed flora commonly found in field crops (rice, vegetables, wheat, and maize) in District Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Many medicinal plants grow wild or as weeds worldwide, including in Pakistan. The Dir Upper district boasts a diverse weed flora with significant medicinal value for daily use. Surveys using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires were carried out in distant villages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 males, including herbalists and pansiris, and 35 women) regarding the naturally occurring medicinal weeds in the area. During the field survey, traditional knowledge and the ethnobotanical relevance of seasonal weeds were collected. A total of 65 species from 24 families were recorded across the four different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) in 2021--2023, including 54 angiosperms, 10 tracheophytes, and one pteridophyte. The dominant family was Poaceae (25%), followed by Asteraceae (15%) and Asclepiadaceae (2%). Given the essential roles that these weed species play in medicine, future research on the use and conservation of indigenous weed flora is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the spectral responses to drought stress of different parts in the leaf of oil palm seedlings named base, middle, and tip were investigated. The ability to detect stress even before symptoms emerge requires knowledge of which part of oil palm leaves responds more quickly to the stress. The analysis of the reflectance spectra in region 650–1050 nm was conducted on respective sections of the leaves of the oil palm seedlings. The analysis revealed that the stress affects the tip of the leaf, followed by the middle and then the base. It was noticed that the greatest loss of water and chlorophyll content was at the tip of the leaf. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used for clustering, while support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied for categorization purposes. The outcomes of the PCA and HCA showed that the separation between the samples was based on the day and stress levels at respective sections of the leaf. With this, the possession of distinct morphological and physiological features by each part of the leaf can be concluded. From the PCA loadings, it was found that the regions 699–756 nm, 833–877 nm, and 933–958 nm showed noticeable bands and can be used to distinguish between the oil palm seedlings under stress. In addition, LDA and SVM classifiers demonstrated that the prediction accuracy of the stress level in oil palm seedlings was not influenced by the location in the leaf where the spectra were acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of coronary artery ectasia in patients with MI in our population. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross Sectional study. Setting: Cardiac Catheterization Department of Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan. Period: 1st October 2019 to 31st March 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 191 patients with myocardial infarction of age 18-60 years of either gender undergoing coronary angiography were included. Patients with vulvular heart disease, cardiomyopthies, heart failure and CKD were excluded. Full demographic informations including name, age, gender and risk factors like diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and smoking were noted. The coronary angiographic films were reviewed and looked for presence or absence of coronary artery ectasia. Results: Mean age was 49.28 ± 9.64 years in our study. Out of the 191 patients, 85.86% were male and 14.14% were females with ratio of 6:1. The %age of vessel involvement in descending order was right coronary artery in 56.02%, left anterior descending artery in 25.13%, left circumflex artery in 13.10% and left main stem in 5.76% patients. Coronary artery ectasia was found in 62.83% patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a high frequency of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) in myocardial infarction patients with positive association with older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]