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This paper analyzes the changes of trends in temperature and precipitation in the Azov sea basin. The nature of this territory has undergone major changes. It is an important agricultural and industrial area. The paper considers changes in temperature and precipitation at stations located mainly in the steppe zone. Maximum, minimum, mean air temperature and precipitation trends on a seasonal and annual time scale are evaluated from data recorded at twelve weather stations in the basin of Azov sea during the period 1966–2015. Since the 70s of the twentieth century, there has been a monotonous increase in air temperature. The warmest years not only for Russia, but also for the Northern hemisphere and the globe as a whole were 2007, 2002, 2005 and 2004. Analysis of maximum air temperature values showed that the warmest years in the basin were 2010, 2007, and 2015. The minimum temperatures were recorded in 1987, 1976, 1992-1993 years. Over the past 15-20 years there have been significant changes in climate features. Annual and season changes are analyzed. It is established a steady warming trend. An increase in annual temperatures by 0.4-2.8 °C, January - by 2.6-3.1 °C and July - by 0.7- 2.1 °C. The study of air temperature by season showed that winter become warmer by 1.1 - 5.8 °C. The precipitation trend is less noticeable. In the winter and autumn periods there is an increase in the amount of precipitation. In the spring the amount of precipitation increases for all the stations under. In summer precipitation changes complicatedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its impact on the environment is an urgent problem of the present time, causing hydrological changes and ecosystem change. As a result, formed ecosystem representing less valuable in economic terms, low productivity. Therefore, study of climate change is an important and urgent task. Global climate changes in the South part of Russia is reflected in the warming of the winter period and an increase in the amount of precipitation during the cold season. This paper analyzes the changes in meteorological conditions in Rostov region and its influence on water regime of the Lower Don. Rostov region is located in the Western subdomain of the Atlantic-continental steppe region, temperate zone. The climate of the region is moderate continental, formed under the influence of air mass transfer from the Atlantic, meridional Northern and southern transfers and transformation of air masses. Flat terrain favors the flow of air masses of different origin. The river flow is formed in the steppe zone. Spring flood depends on soil moisture and moisture reserve in the catchment area. The total water content of the river depends on the amount of winter precipitation and air temperature. The main flow (60 - 65%) formed by meltwater in the spring, 25-30% - through underground supply and 3-5% at the expense of atmospheric precipitation. River is characterized by high and long spring flood. In natural conditions, it accounts for about 70% of annual runoff. Tsimlyanskoe reservoir smoothed seasonal distribution of runoff. Until 1952, spring floods accounted for 78% of runoff and 22% for the rest of the year. After the launch of the reservoir, the situation changed. Only 47% the flow of the river falls in the spring. The rivers of the Don basin are now experiencing a decrease in spring runoff. At the same time, there is an increase in summer, autumn and winter runoff in comparison with the period of climatic norm. Analysis of the annual distribution of runoff led to the allocation of two periods: before the construction of the Tsimlyansk reservoir and after the start of operation. Since 2007, there has been a constant decrease in the water content of the river, which lasted until 2016, the low-water regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main contaminants in groundwater of South Russia is nitrate and being one of the essential problems of water providing system needs a solution. It was in 1981 when World Organization of Health pointed on necessity nitrate studying soil and water. Estimation of nitrate contamination in groundwater, used in housekeeping, of Rostov region was held. Results give an opportunity to find out and estimate tendency of changing quantity of contaminant in groundwater and can be regarded as foundation for further exploration. The level of pollution is differing from the size of its average concentration, which can be found as comparison between average concentration and maximum contaminant level of the same element. According to raising concentration of nitrate that has poor results for nature we should appreciate min and max level of environment pollution. In dependence of intensity of the nitrate pollution groundwater forms of different types: with min phone concentration of nitrate as result of natural process and contaminated groundwater - result of technologic pollution. Average quantity of nitrate in groundwater of hyper genesis zone is 45 gram per liter. Main sources of contamination are fertilizers, livestock wastes, and contaminants in rain, snow and dry atmospheric fallout, leaky sewer lines. But geochemical peculiarity is not the contaminant is it, but what kind of geochemical environment will surround it afterwards. Problem of the nitrate contamination is urgent not only for our region, but it's essential for all agricultural and other districts. More over situation can become sever if groundwater has no or low natural protection. This can be explained by high porosity of aquifer and level below earth (1,5-5,0 m). That is why agricultural fields have disturbed hydrogeochemical level of groundwater. Pollutants can be find 14-16 m below earth surface and as far as 1,5 km from sources of contamination. Over 90% of springs in Rostov region is contaminated by nitrates and shouldn't be used for drinking. Due to experimental observation four zone of water contamination were found, it depends on the level of overcoming the average level. It was noticed that level of concentration becomes lower. High nitrate loads have continued, or increased in many streams in the region, despite the reduction in point source contributions. This can be explained by climatic variation. The variations in precipitation likely are the major cause of the significant differences in nitrate concentration from year to year. The study shows that for given hydro geological settings, nitrogen management practices and climate are the two most important factors that affect nitrate dynamics. The improvements in water quality (reduced nitrate concentration and loads) in relation to improved nitrogen management are often overshadowed by the impact of climate, especially in extremely dry of wet years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]