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The primary cause of nosocomial infections is Klebsiella pneumoniae, an environmental Gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacterium. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation are two crucial characteristics that contribute to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. This research aimed to examine the relationship between antibiotic resistance and the capability of Klebsiella species isolated from Erbil hospital patients to produce biofilms. Therefore, in this study, 38 samples were collected from different laboratories and hospitals. At first, the samples were rejuvenated in Tryptic soy broth and then cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining and urease test were performed to identify the bacterial isolates while VITEK 2 system was performed to determine both the bacterial isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility. At last, biofilm detection was assessed by the microtiter plate technique and Congo red agar method. The results revealed that positive Klebsiella samples did not significantly correlate with the formation of biofilm despite being resistant to some antibiotics and biofilm producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is to investigate the exact solutions of a diffusive susceptible‐infectious‐recovered (SIR) epidemic model, characterized by a nonlinear incidence. A four‐dimensional Lie point symmetry algebra is obtained for this model. We utilize the Lie symmetries to deduce the optimal system of one‐dimensional subalgebras. The reductions and group‐invariant solutions are obtained with the aid of these subalgebras. We also derive new group‐invariant solutions and reductions for the underlying model via subalgebras that are related to the optimal system by adjoint maps. We developed the diffusive susceptible‐infectious‐quarantined (SIQ) model with quarantine‐adjusted incidence function to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to interpret the heat and mass transmission of Sutterby fluid by exploring the effects of a magnetic field. Flow field equations in cylindrical coordinates are obtained by incorporating Darcy resistance law. Afterwards, a mathematical structure for the physical problem is formulated. This formulation yields an intricate nonlinear set of partial differential expressions. A suitable scaling group of variables is employed on subsequent equations to convert them into non-dimensional form. Dynamical and optimal analyses are performed to achieve physical features of the present problem from the solution. A graphical depiction is presented for the flow behavior of convoluted physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Additionally, the quantities (local shear stress coefficient, thermal convective transfer coefficient, and local mass flux coefficient in the limiting case) that are responsible for extracting the physical phenomena in the vicinity of a stretched surface are computed and demarcated by varying controlling flow parameters. Key words: Sutterby nanofluid, Darcy resistance, optimal analysis, nonlinear dynamical analysis, stretching cylinder. Nous etudions ici le transfert de chaleur et de masse d'un fluide de Sutterby en examinant les scintillements du champ magnetique. Les equations de champ d'ecoulement sont obtenues en incorporant la loi de resistance de Darcy. Nous formulons ensuite l'ensemble du cadre mathematique decrivant ce probleme physique. Cette formulation donne un ensemble complique d'equations differentielles aux derivees partielles. Un ensemble de variables d'echelle permet d'en obtenir des equations sans dimension. Des analyses dynamiques et optimales sont utilisees pour extraire les caracteristiques physiques des solutions du probleme. Nous presentons graphiquement l'effet du comportement du flot sur les profils des parametres physiques de vitesse, de temperature et de concentration. De plus, en variant les parametres controlant le flot, nous calculons et bornons les quantites comme le coefficient de contrainte de cisaillement local, le coefficient de transfert thermique par convexion et le coefficient de flux de masse local dans le cas limite, qui controlent les phenomenes physiques dans le voisinage d'une surface etiree. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: fluide de Sutterby, analyse optimale, analyse dynamique, loi de Darcy, champ magnetique., 1. Introduction The present time is generally considered to be a technology-driven era due to the high demand for industrial production. Motivated researchers are taking immense interest in increasing the [...]

Coronaviruses, a type of virus family, cause severe respiratory diseases in people. The coronavirus is most frequently linked to the common cold, but in persons with severe acute respiratory syndrome virus infection, it can also lead to serious respiratory sickness. The spread of the coronavirus is by having direct contact with infected saliva, mucus, or blood. Infected surfaces, such as those in hospitals or other health-care facilities, can potentially spread the infection when touched. Now, spreading globally is the Omicron version of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to preliminary studies, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher probability of re-infection. To recognize coronavirus disease 19 as well as Omicron people in hospitals and primary health care, this review study focuses on the symptoms and indications. The data were collected and analyzed from more than 100 high-impact original research papers to conclude their results and make a comparison between methods and findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current examination, insightful approximations are researched for magnetohydrodynamics Carreau nanofluid having gyrotactic microorganisms over a warmed turning plate. The plate is moving with the steady uniform rakish speed. Administering conditions are gotten by utilizing certain actual presumptions as incomplete differential conditions with limit conditions. These nonlinear types of conditions are changed into coupled standard differential conditions utilizing bunch likeness change. Optimal homotopy investigation strategy (OHAM) is utilized to acquire the graphical outcomes and even qualities for the stream field factors. Graphical portrayal of speeds, temperature, fixation and thickness of gyrotactic microorganisms are examined and clarified. It is tracked down that dimensionless microorganism’s fixation develops for bioconvective Lewis number and focus distinction variable of microorganisms. It is additionally seen that dimensionless speeds diminish because of the attractive impact and Carreau liquid boundary. Contour plots and mathematical outcomes are given for neighbourhood motion boundaries like skin rubbing coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and thickness number of motile microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological models feature reliable and valuable insights into the prevention and transmission of life-threatening illnesses. In this study, a novel SIR mathematical model for COVID-19 is formulated and examined. The newly developed model has been thoroughly explored through theoretical analysis and computational methods, specifically the continuous Galerkin–Petrov (cGP) scheme. The next-generation matrix approach was used to calculate the reproduction number (R0)({R}_{0}). Both disease-free equilibrium (DFE) (E0)({E}^{0}) and the endemic equilibrium (E⁎)({E}^{\ast }) points are derived for the proposed model. The stability analysis of the equilibrium points reveals that (E0)({E}^{0}) is locally asymptotically stable when R01{R}_{0}\gt 1. We have examined the model’s local stability (LS) and global stability (GS) for endemic equilibrium \text{ }and DFE based on the number (R0)({R}_{0}). To ascertain the dominance of the parameters, we examined the sensitivity of the number (R0)({R}_{0}) to parameters and computed sensitivity indices. Additionally, using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) and Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RK45) techniques implemented in MATLAB, we determined the numerical solutions. Furthermore, the model was solved using the continuous cGP time discretization technique. We implemented a variety of schemes like cGP(2), RK4, and RK45 for the COVID-19 model and presented the numerical and graphical solutions of the model. Furthermore, we compared the results obtained using the above-mentioned schemes and observed that all results overlap with each other. The significant properties of several physical parameters under consideration were discussed. In the end, the computational analysis shows a clear image of the rise and fall in the spread of this disease over time in a specific location.

Recent changes in climate have reduced crop productivity throughout much of the world. Drought and heat stress, particularly in arid and semi‐arid regions, have seriously affected barley production.This study explored the separate and interactive effects of silicon (Si) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on plant growth and mitigation of the adverse effects of heat stress (DS) and drought stress (HS) in a barley pot experiment.The impacts of simultaneous DS + HS were more severe than individual stresses due to increased ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher electrolyte leakage (EL), thereby leading to reduced water, protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Exogenously applied Si and H2S alleviated the DS‐, HS‐ and DS + HS‐induced effects on barley by reducing ROS production, MDA and EL. A single application of H2S or Si + H2S increased plant biomass under all stress conditions, which can be ascribed to higher Si accumulation in barley shoots. A single application of Si or H2S significantly increased plant biomass. However, Si + H2S was the most effective treatment for metabolite accumulation and elevating activity of antioxidant enzymes to prevent toxicity from oxidative stress. This treatment also modulated osmolyte content, enhanced antioxidant activity and regulated the stress signalling‐related endogenous hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA).Exogenous treatments regulated endogenous H2S and Si and resulted in higher tolerance to individual and combined drought and heat stress in barley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]