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This study introduces an innovative real-time instrumentation system that integrates Raman spectroscopy and Spark Emission Spectroscopy (SES) for the quantitative analysis of molecular structures and metal components in airborne particles. The study employs a nozzle-impact-based aerosol micro concentrator to enrich airborne particles for analysis. Experimental evaluations were conducted using laboratory-configured aerosols containing Cr2O3, Ni2O3, ZrO2, CuO mixed with SiO2, substances of significant concern in occupational health, notably in mining, metallurgy, and chemical industries. Results show a high linear correlation, with an R2 value exceeding 0.937, between spectral peaks and analyte mass. The concentration limit of detection (LOD) for SiO2, Zr, Cu, Cr, and Ni during a 10 min sampling period, with a flow rate of 2 L/min, were found to be 14.0, 64.6, 80.1, 13.8, and 5.5 μg/m3, allowing for precise quantification of the aerosol components. The plasma density and temperature were characterized for various samples with different deposition masses. The findings suggest that the developed system has the potential to provide real-time and accurate measurements of hazardous aerosol components, making it a useful tool for occupational health and environmental monitoring. Copyright © 2024 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have described here proboscideans fossil remnants which belong to six species: Prodeinotherium pentapotamiae, Gomphotherium browni, Choerolophodon corrugatus, Protanancus chinjiensis, and Elephas planifrons. The described specimens are collected from six different localities of the Siwaliks. These localities are Bhilomar, Chinji type section, Lawa, Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (Chinji Formation), Ochri (Dhok Pathan Formation) and Rathian (Pinjor Formation), belongs to the Lower to Upper Siwaliks, district Chakwal and Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. The specimens were collected from these localities after extensive fieldwork from 2015 to 2020, which confirms the presence of large mammalian fauna during the Middle Miocene to Late Pleistocene. Prodeinotherium pentapotamiae is rare taxa in the Middle Siwaliks of Pakistan, first time discovered from new fossil section Satroma wali dhal in the vicinity of the Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon locality. Bhilomar is a less explored fossil locality belongs to the Chinji Formation, Gomphotherium browni and Choerolophodon corrugatus is reported from the Chinji type section. A beautiful juvenile mandibular ramus of Protanancus chinjiensis has been recovered first time from Lawa and Elephas planifrons were recovered from Rathian which belongs to Pinjor Formation dated as Plio-Pleistocene age of Upper subgroup of Siwaliks. Based on palaeoenvironment and stratigraphy the age of these localities is suggested as Miocene to Pleistocene. The recovered proboscideans fossil fauna indicates about the climatic changes and confirms that more seasonal extensive grasslands and savannah like ecosystem were present at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomic study from a late Miocene Fossil locality Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon, Lower Siwalik Hills of Pakistan has been conducted. New fossil remains belong to family Giraffidae which include right and left maxilla, isolated upper premolars and molars. After morphological and comparative analysis, the collection is attributed to Giraffokeryx punjabiensis and Giraffa priscilla. Size variation in dentition is taxonomically important for vertebrate evolutionary point of view and this is the main reason to conduct this study at this specific site to add additional information about family Giraffidae. The fossil site has well exposed Chinji and Nagri Formation and has dated approximately 14.2-9.5 Ma. In this study, different aspects of evolution, taxonomy and biogeographic distribution as well as the relation of Giraffidae with Procerotidae have been discussed comprehensively. Palaeoenvironment, biostratigraphy and geology of the locality have also been discussed. The coexistence of Giraffokeryx punjabiens with its mammalian paleo-community reveals the persistence of mosaics of diverse habitats ranging from tropical evergreen forest to subtropical ones, closed seasonal woodlands to wooded savannas during the deposition of the Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon, Chinji Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]