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In this paper, we demonstrate how the band gap of monolayer $$\hbox {MoS}_{2}$$ can be tuned by applying uniaxial strain. We also investigate the influence of uniaxial strain of more than 1 % on the behavior of the dielectric function. Our simulation results reveal that tension leads to a red shift in the spectrum of the dielectric function while the compression causes a blue shift. Furthermore, in both cases, the first energy peak changes nearly linearly. Excellent agreement exists between our numerical investigations and first principle calculations. These observations demonstrate new potentials for the monolayer $$\hbox {MoS}_{2}$$ in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid TDM/WDM PON network with 64 users was designed by a bidirectional optical fiber in this paper. Having analyzed the performance of the hybrid network with regard to the importance of photodetectors as the first receiving block, the performance of photodetectors PON and APN for different fiber lengths are compared. All designing procedures were performed by optisystem software and measured values were represented and evaluated. As expected, the result showed that, due to an increase in the length of the fiber, the amount of noise increased and consequently, the signal to noise ratio decreased. However, it was found that the used topology was able to receive information in both upstream and downstream for fibers with a length up to 30 km and parameters of Q factor, the bit error ratio, and the signal to noise ratio are desired and acceptable for fibers of 30 km length. In addition, the values of simulations show that the performance of APD diode and the Q factor and BER obtained from APD is better than that of PIN which could be expected because APD is more sensitive than PIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid TDM / DWM PON network with 64 users was designed by a bidirectional optical fiber in this paper. Having analyzed the performance of the hybrid network on the basis of signal to noise ratio (SNR), the parameter was calculated for different fiber lengths. All designing procedures were performed by optisystem software and measured values were represented and evaluated. As expected, the result showed that, due to an increase in the length of the fiber, the amount of noise increased and consequently, the signal to noise ratio decreased. However, it was found that the used topology was able to receive information in both upstream and downstream for fibers with a length up to 30 km and parameters of Q factor, the bit error ratio, and the signal to noise ratio are desired and acceptable for fibers of 30 km length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Etiology of more than half of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. The etiology of more than 50 percent of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (RSA) cases has been remained unexplained. It is supposed that RSA may have "paternal effect" due to supply 50% of embryonic genomic content by male gamete. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the role of sperm apoptosis and protamine deficiency at same time in RSA cases. Materials and Methods: Forty fertile (control) and 40 unfertile men with RSA (case) were enrolled in this case-control study. Semen analysis was performed in accordance with WHO criteria and sperm apoptosis and protamine deficiency were evaluated by cell apoptosis detection kit and chromomycin A3, respectively. Results: Results showed significant different between normal morphology and total motility in two groups. Case group had higher percentage of spermatozoa with protamine deficiency and apoptosis compared to controls significantly. Conclusion: Our results showed that in cases of RSA, in addition to abnormal sperm parameters, we have a high percentage of spermatozoa with protamine deficiency and apoptosis and these two anomalies may consider as important causes of idiopathic recurrent abortions. It should be advised that sperm chromatin and DNA examinations are useful tools in the process of RSA treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]