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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) starts in the epithelial tissue (lining of the bile duct and gallbladder). It is a type of aggressive cancer called adenocarcinoma that can spread to other tissues. Among all cases of biliary tract cancer, 50% is from GBC. It is a deadly cancer with a survival rate of 17.6% between 2007 and 2013. GBC is rarely found in the Western world, but it is commonly found in South Asia. In Southeast Asian countries, GBC plays a significant role in cancer-related morbidity and mortality. GBC incidence exhibits marked regional variability, a rare condition in the western population but having a higher frequency in India, especially the Indo-Gangetic belt and some northeast districts excluding Nagaland. This might be attributed to the differences in environmental factors and genetic predisposition modulating carcinogenesis. In GBC, only 10% of cases are identified in the early stages. The low rate of early detection is due to the lack of screening techniques and the aggressive characteristics of the tumor. Various risk factors are associated with GBC, for example, chronic cholecystitis with or without gallstones, obesity, exposure to heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, bacterial infection, congenital biliary cysts, and abnormal pancreaticobiliary duct junction. The risk factors can cause chronic gallbladder mucosa irritation, leading to dysplasia and neoplasia. GBC can form metaplasia to dysplasia in a time span of 5-15 years, then to carcinoma in situ, and finally to invasive cancer. Dysbiosis is responsible for various diseases, including cancer. Multiple triggers can cause dysbiosis, for example, environmental changes, inflammation, infection, medications, dietary changes, or genetic predisposition. Various researches show that Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus, Hepatitis B virus, and Hepatitis C virus microbial species can cause cancer. They are the major species responsible for 90% of infection-associated cancers. Various studies demonstrate that the strains of Salmonella and Helicobacter colonize are linked to developing GBC. While the mechanisms linking gut microbiota to GBC are not fully understood, several studies have suggested a potential association. According to a study, certain gut microbiomes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, found glut in GBC tissues, compared to adjacent normal tissues. By evaluating gut microbiome dysbiosis, we can see the potential link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and GBC; it may provide valuable insights into the development and progression of GBC. It could lead to the identification of new diagnostic markers and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In GBC, the evaluation of gut microbiome dysbiosis (involving evaluating the composition, diversity, and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in patients) has emerged as a promising method for understanding the molecular mechanisms and identifying biomarkers for early prevention and detection of GBC and also investigating the possibility of any link between the gut microbiome and host immune response. In conclusion, evaluating gut microbiome dysbiosis in GBC is a promising direction for identifying potential early detection and prevention biomarkers. Additional investigation is therefore needed to determine the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis in the development and progression of GBC and to identify reliable biomarkers for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thrombotic disease is still a major killer. Aspirin, Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel, etc. are the most widely used conventional antiplatelet drugs. The significant number of patients who are resistant to this drug shows a poor outcome., Objective: Developing a new antiplatelet agent with a stable antiplatelet effect and minimal bleeding risk is required for a patient who is resistant to antiplatelet drugs., Methods: Protein-ligand docking was performed using Autodock Vina 1.1.2 to study the interaction of 67LR with different Polyphenols., Results: Among the 18 polyphenols, thearubigin has the highest binding affinity towards 67LR and gallic acid shows the lowest binding affinity. Among the 18 molecules, the top 4 molecules from the highest to lowest binding affinity range from-10.6 (thearubigin) to -6.5 (Epigallocatechin)., Conclusion: Polyphenols may inhibit platelet aggregation through 67 LR and can be an alternative treatment for Thrombotic Disease. Moreover, it will be interesting to know whether polyphenols interfere with the same pathways as aspirin and clopidogrel. Effective polyphenols could help prototype the compound development of novel antiplatelet agents., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Psoriasis is a systemic hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disorder, although rarely fatal but significantly reduces quality of life. Understanding the full genetic component of the disease association may provide insight into biological pathways as well as targets and biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Studies related to psoriasis associated genes and genetic markers are scattered and not easily amendable to data-mining. To alleviate difficulties, we have developed dbGAPs an integrated knowledgebase representing a gateway to psoriasis associated genomic data. The database contains annotation for 202 manually curated genes associated with psoriasis and its subtypes with cross-references. Functional enrichment of these genes, in context of Gene Ontology and pathways, provide insight into their important role in psoriasis etiology and pathogenesis. The dbGAPs interface is enriched with an interactive search engine for data retrieval along with unique customized tools for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)/indel detection and SNP/indel annotations. dbGAPs is accessible at http://www.bmicnip.in/dbgaps/., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Unlabelled: Component (bridge: ΔΔGbrd , background: ΔΔGprot , desolvation: ΔΔGdsolv ) and net (ΔΔGnet ) energy-terms of salt-bridge-structure (SBS) are auto-generated by the program ADSBET that makes use of general purpose Adaptive Poison Boltzmann Solver (APBS) method. While the procedure reports gross energy terms (Kcal Mol(-1) ), report on bond-multiplicity corrected normalized energyterms (Kcal Mol(-1) Bond(-1) ) along with their accessibility (ASA) in monomer, isolated-SBS (ISBS) and networked-SBS (NSBS) format would be very useful for statistical comparison among SBSs and understanding their location in protein structure. In this end, ADSBET2 potentially incorporates these features along with additional model for side-chain. Gross and normalized energy-terms are redirected in monomer, ISBS and NSBS format along with their ASA informations. It works on any number of SBSs for any number of structure files present in a database. Taken together, ADSBET2 has been suitable for statistical analyses of SBSs energetics and finds applications in protein engineering and structural bioinformatics., Availability: ADSBET2 is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/ADSBET2/ for all users.

Unlabelled: Automated genome sequencing procedure is enriching the sequence database very fast. To achieve a balance between the entry of sequences in the database and their analyses, efficient software is required. In this end PHYSICO2, compare to earlier PHYSICO and other public domain tools, is most efficient in that it i] extracts physicochemical, window-dependent and homologousposition-based-substitution (PWS) properties including positional and BLOCK-specific diversity and conservation, ii] provides users with optional-flexibility in setting relevant input-parameters, iii] helps users to prepare BLOCK-FASTA-file by the use of Automated Block Preparation Tool of the program, iv] performs fast, accurate and user-friendly analyses and v] redirects itemized outputs in excel format along with detailed methodology. The program package contains documentation describing application of methods. Overall the program acts as efficient PWS-analyzer and finds application in sequence-bioinformatics., Availability: PHYSICO2: is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/physico2/ along with its documentation at https://sourceforge.net/projects/physico2/files/Documentation.pdf/download for all users.

Unlabelled: Specific electrostatics (i.e. salt-bridge) includes both local and non-local interactions that contribute to the overall stability of proteins. It has been shown that a salt-bridge could either be buried or exposed, networked or isolated, hydrogen-bonded or nonhydrogen bonded, in secondary-structure or in coil, formed by single or multiple bonds. Further it could also participates either in intra- or inter-dipole interactions with preference in orientation either for basic residue at N-terminal (orientation-I) or acidic residue at N-terminal (orientation-II). In this context SBION2 is unique in that it reports above mentioned binary items in excel format along with details on intra and inter-dipole interactions and orientations. These results are suitable for post run statistical analyses involving large datasets. Reports are also made on protein-protein interactions, intervening residue distances and general residue specific salt-bridge details. A ready to use compact supplementary table is also produced. The program runs in three alternative modes. Each mode works on any number of structure files with any number of chains at any given atomic distance of ion-pair. Thus SBION2 provides intricate details on salt-bridges and finds application in structural bioinformatics., Availability: SBION2 is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/sbion2/ for academic users.