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3. Examining the Neural Markers of Speech Rhythm in Silent Reading Using Mass Univariate Statistics of EEG Single Trials.

Author

Powell, Stephanie J., Nayak, Srishti, and Magne, Cyrille L.

Subjects
*SILENT reading, *ALPHA rhythm, *SPEECH, *ORAL communication, *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology), *PROSODIC analysis (Linguistics)
Abstract

Background/Objectives: The Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (IPH) posits that individuals generate internal prosodic representations during silent reading, mirroring those produced in spoken language. While converging behavioral evidence supports the IPH, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the neurophysiological markers of sensitivity to speech rhythm cues during silent word reading. Methods: EEGs were recorded while participants silently read four-word sequences, each composed of either trochaic words (stressed on the first syllable) or iambic words (stressed on the second syllable). Each sequence was followed by a target word that was either metrically congruent or incongruent with the preceding rhythmic pattern. To investigate the effects of metrical expectancy and lexical stress type, we examined single-trial event-related potentials (ERPs) and time–frequency representations (TFRs) time-locked to target words. Results: The results showed significant differences based on the stress pattern expectancy and type. Specifically, words that carried unexpected stress elicited larger ERP negativities between 240 and 628 ms after the word onset. Furthermore, different frequency bands were sensitive to distinct aspects of the rhythmic structure in language. Alpha activity tracked the rhythmic expectations, and theta and beta activities were sensitive to both the expected rhythms and specific locations of the stressed syllables. Conclusions: The findings clarify neurocognitive mechanisms of phonological and lexical mental representations during silent reading using a conservative data-driven approach. Similarity with neural response patterns previously reported for spoken language contexts suggests shared neural networks for implicit and explicit speech rhythm processing, further supporting the IPH and emphasizing the centrality of prosody in reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Musical rhythm abilities and risk for developmental speech-language problems and disorders: epidemiological and polygenic associations

Author

Nayak, Srishti, primary, Ladanyi, Eniko, additional, Eising, Else, additional, Mekki, Yasmina Nozha, additional, Nitin, Rachana, additional, Bush, Catherine T., additional, Gustavson, Daniel E., additional, Anglada-Tort, Manuel, additional, Lancaster, Hope Sparks, additional, Mosing, Miriam A., additional, Ullén, Fredrik, additional, Magne, Cyrille L., additional, Fisher, Simon, additional, Jacoby, Nori, additional, and Gordon, Reyna L, additional

Published
2024
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13. T27. THE GENETICS OF SPEECH PROSODY PERCEPTION: GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH COMMUNICATION-RELATED TRAITS AND SPEECH-LANGUAGE DISORDERS

Author

Nayak, Srishti, primary, Gustavson, Daniel E., additional, Eising, Else, additional, Nitin, Rachana, additional, Coleman, Peyton L., additional, Wang, Youjia, additional, Liu, Jonathan Z., additional, Polikowsky, Hannah G., additional, Lui, Kelvin F.H., additional, McBride, Catherine A., additional, Below, Jennifer E., additional, Fisher, Simon E., additional, Magne, Cyrille L., additional, Gordon, Reyna L., additional, and Gordon, Reyna, additional

Published
2022
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27. Error-related negativity (ERNs) and ‘hot’ executive function in bilingual and monolingual preschoolers

Author

Nayak, Srishti and Tarullo, Amanda

Subjects
bepress|Life Sciences|Neuroscience and Neurobiology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Neuroscience, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Developmental Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Child Psychology
Abstract

Early regular experience with dual-language management is thought to shape executivefunction (EF) circuitry during development (Bialystok, 2001; 2017). However, previousinvestigations of bilingual children’s EF have largely focused on behavioral measures, or oncognitive aspects of EF. The first part of this study compared monolingual and bilingualpreschoolers’ performance on more purely cognitive and more affective versions of a card-sort task, and the second part investigated Error-related negativity (ERN) event-related potential (ERP) waveforms to understand error-awareness mechanisms underlying task performance. Behavioral results showed bilingual advantages in reaction times but not accuracy, and interaction effects of language background, level of challenge, and affective/motivational salience on reaction times. Electrophysiological results revealed smaller ERN peak amplitudes in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in frontal and frontocentral midline regions. Results highlight that bilingualism may shape motivational mechanisms and neural learning mechanismssuch as error-detection, such that bilinguals may be less focused on their errors.

Published
2019
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37. Abstract 15286: Long Term Prognostic Value of Right Bundle Branch Block in Severe Aortic Regurgitation: Outcome in 756 Patients Over 20 Years

Author

Natarajan, Balaji, Nayak, Srishti, Varadarajan, Padmini, and Pai, Ramdas G

Abstract

Introduction:Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is an easily obtainable cardiac biomarker. Hence, we investigated its prognostic significance in patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR).Hypothesis:RBBB on electrocardiography may serve to prognosticate clinical outcomes in patients with severe aortic regurgitation.Methods:This single-center observational study included 756 consecutive patients with severe AR screened through the echocardiographic database from 1993 to 2007. Detailed chart reviews were performed for clinical, echocardiographic, therapeutic and survival data. Mortality data were also obtained from the Social Security Death Index until the end of 2014. Survival was analyzed as a function of RBBB.Results:Of the 756 patients with severe AR, RBBB was present in 54 (7%) patients at initial assessment; mean age 60?18 years and 41% women. Over a follow-up of up to 22 years, there were 434 deaths. Presence of RBBB was associated with lower survival (figure, p=0.003). RBBB was associated with lower survival in both surgically and medically managed patients. Patients RBBB were older (67+16 vs 60+17 years, p=0.007), had lower LV ejection fraction (49+20 vs 54+18%, p=0.04), and greater amount of mitral (68% vs.44%, p=0.001) and tricuspid (48% vs.34%, p=0.03) regurgitation. RBBB, however, was not an independent predictor of survival after adjusting for these group differences by Cox regression analysis.Conclusions:Presence of RBBB in severe AR is a simple electrocardiographic marker of higher mortality and is associated with older age, lower LV ejection fraction and greater amounts of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.

Published
2019
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38. Beyond bilingual advantages: contexts, mechanisms, and correlates of executive function in bilingual and monolingual children

Author

Nayak, Srishti

Subjects
Developmental psychology, Bilingualism, Electroencephalography, Child development, Executive function
Abstract

At least 20% of the US population is estimated to be bilingual, and there is wide popular and academic interest in the neurocognitive consequences of bilingualism. A controversial body of literature points to “bilingual advantages” in executive function (EF) skills involving attention, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. However, while bilingual advantages are thought to be a result of neuroplasticity, we do not currently understand the specific neural mechanisms shaped in childhood. Further, studies have failed to account for the distinction between “cool,” more purely cognitive, and “hot,” more affective and motivationally relevant EF systems. Lastly, the study of bilingual EF development has been sparse in preschool children, when EF skills are most rapidly developing. The present research compared behavioral, neurocognitive, and demographic correlates of cool (cognitive) and hot (affective) EF, in healthy monolingual and bilingual children with at least 20% exposure to a second language. In Study 1, I examined whether 3.5. - 4.5 year old bilinguals show better and faster conflict inhibition and cognitive flexibility, and neural differences in inhibition, monitoring, and error-processing, in cool and hot contexts. Results showed faster cool inhibition and faster hot cognitive flexibility in bilinguals, accompanied by neural differences in cool error-processing. In Study 2, I examined whether 6-8 year old bilinguals show better and faster interference control in cool and hot tasks, and neural difference in inhibition, monitoring, error-processing, and response preparation. Results showed no performance or neural differences between groups. In Study 3, I examined whether 6-8 year old bilinguals show better and faster flexible switching in linguistic and non-linguistic contexts, and better word-object mapping in an unfamiliar language. Results showed no performance differences between groups. In addition to the behavioral and neural findings, all three studies revealed group differences in demographic and cognitive correlates of EF. Together, results suggest that bilingual advantages may be most relevant in preschoolers, susceptible to motivational context, supported by error-awareness mechanisms, and unrelated to motor processing. Future studies of error-processing and response-preparation mechanisms can shed light on how bilingualism shapes brain function, and can elucidate group differences in the behind-the-scenes of inhibitory and switching processes.

Published
2017

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