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Gayatree Nayak, Bijayini Behera, Srujana Mohanty, Punyatoya Kar, Jayanti Jena Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences [AIIMS], Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, IndiaCorrespondence: Bijayini Behera, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences [AIIMS], Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India, Tel +07750847562, Email drbinny2004@gmail.comIntroduction: Cefiderocol (CFDC), a novel semi-synthetic siderophore cephalosporin has been developed to combat the menace of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) including Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and Carbapenem-resistant Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (CR-NFGNB).Methods: We determined the in vitro activity of CFDC against a contemporary collection of 503 CR-GNB isolates by the reference broth microdilution method (BMD) using Iron depleted cation adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (ID-CAMHB). Performance of CFDC disk diffusion (DD) was evaluated against the reference BMD, as an alternative convenient testing method. Molecular characterization of carbapenemase in CR-GNB was performed by PCR targeting blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48like alleles, blaKPC, blaIMP, and, blaVIM. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution of CFDC in CR-GNB harbouring different carbapenemase enzymes was also analyzed.Results: In our study, 81.7% (411/503) of CR-GNB isolates [81.3%, (278/342) CRE and 82.6% (133/161) CR-NFGNB] were susceptible to CFDC (p> 0.05). Categorical agreement (CA) of DD ranged from 79.8% to 87.5%, Minor error (mE) ranged from 0 to 14%, Major error (ME) ranged from 0 to 3.5%, and Very Major error (VME) ranged from 0 to 12.5% with variations by species tested. Overall CFDC MIC50 and MIC90 values of CR-GNB isolates without any carbapenemase genes were higher as compared to those with the presence of carbapenemase genes (4 μg/mL and 128 μg/mL versus 2 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL respectively).Discussion: CFDC is not yet available for clinical use in India. Hence, multicentric studies are the need of the hour in India for standardization of CFDC susceptibility using disks and CAMHB from different manufacturers as well as understanding mechanisms of high MIC values.Keywords: Cefiderocol, carbapenem-resistant Gram negative bacilli, broth microdilution, carbapenemases, disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration

ObjectiveCesarean section is the most commonly performed obstetrical surgical procedure; however, there are no standard guidelines on appropriate skin closure techniques and materials. Only few comparative studies have been conducted on different skin closure techniques, and they have shown conflicting results. Therefore, we compared different skin closure techniques during emergency cesarean section to identify the best technique with minimal wound complication rates.MethodsPatients were randomized into 3 groups (group A, n=100; group B, n=102; and group C, n=98). In group A, the skin was closed using staples; in group B, via the subcuticular technique using monocryl 3-0; and in group C, using mattress suture nylon (2-0). The primary outcome was a composite of wound complications, including infection, seroma, gaping, and need for resuturing and antibiotic administration. The secondary outcome included closure time, pain perception, patient satisfaction, and cost. Analyses were performed in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle.ResultsThe composite wound complication rate in the entire cohort was 16.6% (n=50); the complication rate was significantly higher in group A than in the other groups. Infection was the most common wound complication observed in the entire study group (86%) and was significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (P≤0.001).ConclusionThe use of staples for cesarean section skin closure is associated with an increased risk of wound complications and prolonged hospital stay postoperative visits.

This work seeks to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the compounds and create imine-linked benzothiazine derivatives using a novel, eco-friendly ultrasonic technique. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were utilized to assess the synthetic compounds, SBIa-e, for their antibacterial activity. All compounds were soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water, with yields ranging from 68 to 77%. The molecules showed stretching vibrations corresponding to various functional groups. The presence of amine hydrogen (2.0, 7.0 ppm), aliphatic protons (2.6-4.3 ppm), imine hydrogen (8.0-8.5 ppm), and protons of the aromatic ring (6.8-7.9 ppm) was indicated by the 1HNMR spectra. Both the bacterial strains were all susceptible to the antibacterial action of the compounds, which showed dose-dependent effects. When the compounds were compared to gram-positive bacteria, it was discovered that the former had greater effectiveness than the latter. SBId had the lowest IC50 against Staphylococcus aureus (70.16 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (49.19 µg/mL) among the drugs whose IC50 values were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric pressure plasmas in argon are of particular interest due to the production of highly excited and reactive species enabling numerous plasma-aided applications. In this contribution, we report on absolute optical emission and absorption spectroscopy of a radio frequency (RF) driven capacitively coupled argon glow discharge operated in a parallel-plate configuration. This enabled the study of all key parameters including electron density and temperature, gas temperature, and absolute densities of atoms in highly electronically excited states. Space and time-averaged electron density and temperature were determined from the measurement of the absolute intensity of the electron-atom bremsstrahlung in the visible range. Considering the non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function, an electron temperature (T e ) of 2.1 eV and an electron density (n e ) of 1.1 × 10 19 m − 3 were obtained. The time-averaged and spatially resolved absolute densities of atoms in the metastable (1 s 5 and 1 s 3) and resonant (1 s 4 and 1 s 2) states of argon in the pure Ar and Ar/He mixture were obtained by broadband absorption spectroscopy. The 1 s 5 metastable atoms had the largest density near the sheath region with a maximum value of 8 × 10 17 m − 3 , while all other 1s states had densities of at most 2 × 10 17 m − 3 . The dominant production and loss mechanisms of these atoms were discussed, in particular, the role of radiation trapping. We conclude with comparison of the plasma properties of the argon RF glow discharges with the more common He equivalent and highlight their differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]