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OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the patterns of maxillofacial injuries, etiology and their management during the pandemic of COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design This is a single center, prospective observational and cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study Data were taken from patients of all age groups, presented at the Emergency room of Jinnah hospital Lahore and were managed by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department during 8 weeks period starting from 1st December 2020 till 31st January 2021.Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS Total 202 patient were managed out of which 161 (80%) were males and 41 (20%) females. Male to female ratio was 4:1. 52.48% patients belonged to age group 15-35 years. The most common mode of trauma was motorcycle accident, followed by fall from height. Total 41.1% (n=83) had only soft tissue injuries without any bony fracture and 58.9% (n=119) had facial bones fractures. Zygomatic bone fracture was most common (53.78%) followed by mandible fracture (31.1%). Total 61 out of 119 patients with fractures were treated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF). 3 patients had complete loss of vision as a result of facial trauma. Only 28% (n=56) patients were managed under General Anesthesia. CONCLUSION The most common cause of maxillofacial trauma is Road Traffic accidents. Soft tissue injuries are more common than facial fractures. Most common facial bone fracture was of zygomatic bone. Young adult males are mostly affected with facial trauma. Covid-19 pandemic increased the difficulties faced in the management of maxillofacial trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used as a valuable method for examining suspected salivary gland lesions. It is a simple, cost-effective, and minimally invasive procedure with high specificity and sensitivity. Due to the cellular heterogeneity and overlapping architectural features, it can be difficult to distinguish between non-neoplastic processes, benign lesions, and/or malignancies in salivary glands on routine stains. Cell block methods are currently replacing surgical biopsy-based diagnostic methods on the basis of utilizing aspirates from FNAC with a rapid and reliable potential for reaching a conclusive diagnosis. Ancillary investigations including a panel of immunohistochemical markers are frequently applied on cytology specimens in the era of precision diagnostics to offer a specific diagnosis and even prognostic information for optimal patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]