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Very few geological research has been undergone on the Kati formation due to its scarcity of natural outcrops and complexity. The heavily weathered and limited number of natural outcrops available around the areas of Bandar Seri Iskandar and Parit (Perak) may help to define the Kati Formation in a more clear way. After recent human construction activities, more exposures can be studied, which makes easier the process of gathering geological information. The Kati Formation inspires quite a few questions to the scientific community, such as the source of the iron oxide extensively found on it and the processes that turned a softer shale into hard concretions, the presence of trace fossils as the only palaeontological evidences preserved in this heavily replaced rock unit, and the age of the overlying quaternary deposits, which is a key for understanding, in turn, the succeeding diagenetic processes. The objective of this research is to better define the Kati Formation in relationship to their associated quaternary materials, Mesozoic granites and metamorphic rocks, all by using classical stratigraphic methods first.

This study focus on the removal of textile dyeing effluent by analyzing the physio-chemical parameters such as color, turbidity, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Activated carbon is used for removing color from the wastewater collected from silkworm textile industry, Bishnupur, West Bengal. We have used activated carbon made with coconut shell which is ecofriendly and low in cost. The results of the analysis were compared with the water quality standards of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) for further application of the treated water in agricultural field. Also, this paper included the case study on textile dyeing industry in Bankura district, West Bengal, India and its impacts of pollution load in the environment.

Eighteen healthy mongrel dogs of sexes, varying ages (16.50 ± 0.22 months) and weights (19.83 ± 0.16 kg) were used in this study. The experiment was conducted in the | department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.A total of 18 dogs (male and female) were randomly divided into three groups placing 6 animals in each i.e., group-A (Vicryl 3/0 suture material), B (Dexon 3/0 suture material) and C (stapler). Physically healthy animals were used in this study in order to achieve the required results. Xylazine (9.91 ± 0.08 mg/dog) and thiopental Sodium (198.33 ± 1.05 mg/dog) was administered intramuscularly in all groups. The anaesthetized animals were placed on the dorsal recumbancy on surgical table in order to perform surgical procedure. The caudal ventral midline incision of 5 cm was made in all dogs to exteriorized the colon. One incision of 5 cm was given on colon and bleeding was controlled by artery forceps. Colon incision was closed with Vicryl (3/0) in group-A, Dixon (3/0) in group-B and intestinal stapling materials in dogs of group-C. The peritoneum in each dog was sutured with chromic catgut by simple interrupted suture technique, the linea alba was sutured with chromic catgut by simple continuous suture technique, sub-cutaneous layer was apposed with sub-cuticular suture technique using 3/0 chromic catgut. Skin was closed with simple interrupted suture pattern using silk 2/0 suture material in dogs.The total duration of anesthesia required was 328.33 ± 1.17, 330.00 ± 1.39 and 313.83 ± 2.52 minutes for closure of colon closed with Vicryl, Dexon and Stapling material respectively. The mean number of total stitches for colon closure with Vicryl, Dexon and stapling material was 15 ±0.57. 17.00 ± 0.36 and 6.66 ± 0.21 respectively. Though the partial development of mucosal folds can be seen on day 10 of post-surgery whereas fully development except lamina epithelia on day 20. It is concluded that Vicryl suture material showed the superiority in terms of better apposition of the sutured tissues and better healing and lesser complications like minimal adhesions between sutured site and other structures applied with double layer appositional suture technique for the closure of colon in dogs. This study also reveals that all suture materials were not completely free from complications but staple technique showed quicker application and lesser number of staples was required as compare to Vicryl and Dexon suture stitches and duration..

The present study was performed on 18 healthy dogs (aged 16.80±1.22 months) and body weight (17.07± 2.21 kg) to determine the best suturing technique among single layer, double layer and stapler technique for the closure of colon in dogs. All dog were divided into three groups, placing 6 animals in each group, i.e. group A was closed with single layer suture technique, group B was closed with double layer suture technique and group C was closed with stapler technique. The number of stitches required for colon closure were 8.83, 16.33 and 9.16 in groups –A, B and C respectively. The mean number of stitches and time taken for the completion of double layer technique was significantly higher (P