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The left ventricular false tendons (LVFTs ) are fibrous or fibromuscular bands crossing the left ventricle in human hearts ,they arise mainly from the ventricular septum to the free wall or to a papillary muscle .They are considered as normal anatomical variant with different numbers, location and type. LVFTs had been associated with many clinical studies and discussions regarding their function . Literatures were reviewed and their incidence ,morphology , histology and clinical correlation were discussed .This study was intended to evaluate the existence LVFTs in Basrah city , and to compare the findings with other data verified in literatures. A prospective autopsy study of the prevalence and morphology of LVFTs in 215 cadaveric human hearts was performed to estimate the number ,types and location .of these bands .10 out of 215 samples were undergo routine histopathological processing to obtain 4 micrometer thickness slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for histological characteristics . LVFTs of varying number, types and different attachment were recorded in 62 ( 28.8% ) of 215 adult human cadaveric hearts studied. A complete morphologic assessments were done. No significant differences was found regarding age or gender. , Majority of LVFTs are single , commonly between the ventricular septum and papillary muscle .Fibrous and fibro muscular type is predominant . In our community false tendons are frequent anatomic variants of normal human LV which may be identified at routine examination and should not be mistaken as pathologic structures such as flail chordae tendineae or thrombi, further radiological and clinical studies are suggested to ensure their role and function

Objectives: This study aims to use an alternative fixative compound with reduced concentration of formalin to minimize the exposure and related side effects. Methods: Human normal and pathological tissue samples of different organs were immediately immersed in a modified fixative containing formalin, glycerin, ethanol, and hypotonic saline with pH around 7. Two time schedules were used at 8 and 12 h. Tissue samples were undergone routine processing procedure used in histopathological laboratories, scoring of samples was done, tissue sections of new compound fixative were examined for cytoplasmic, nuclear, and architectural properties and compared with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). Results: Tissue samples treated with modified fixative showed good and acceptable preservation of structural, cellular details with less harmful effects when compared with those preserved with routine 10% (NBF). Conclusion: The suitability and effectiveness of reduced formalin-based fixative in histological and histopathological routine examination with minimal harmful effects for laboratory worker were clearly indicated in this study.

Background: ?- thalassaemia is a common hereditary disorders in Iraq and worldwide .with differenttreatment schemes,, including blood transfusion, iron chelation and splenectomy, patients with B thalassemiamay develop different skeletal changes. Limited studies link these complications with orofacial changes,This study aimed to evaluate the orofacial dimensions in ?- thalassemia patients with age, gender, bloodgroups, splenectomy and cholecystectomy and to assist surgeons for planning their future intervention.Method: This study was conducted on 130 s-thalassemia patients of both gender,,and two age categories (20-30 yrs), & (21-40 yrs), five orofacial measurements (face,eyes,nose,mouth and ears) and sixteen parameterswere measured and calculated for differences,P value is estimated,data analysis were done by using Chisquare test and SPSS version 20Results: Significant findings were found for mandibular width and mouth width at older age group (31-40years), the nasal width and ear height are more in male, patients with splenectomy have significance forlower 1\3 face and ear width. Cholecystectomy increase eye length measurments and ear height but forblood groups the P ? 0.05Conclusions: Orofacial bone changes are pronounced in ?- thalassaemia with distinct findings regarding sexdimorphism, older are more prone to have variations, earlier splenectomy is advisable,cholecystectomy isbetter choice for symptomatic patients, blood groups have no significance.

Background: The left circumflex coronary artery normally originated from left coronary artery , however, this artery may change its origin either from left aortic sinus or from right aortic sinus. This knowledgement may help in understanding some of ischemic heart diseases and its consequences on cardiac surgery. Objective: To know the incidence of anatomical variations of left circumflex coronary artery origin among people in Basrah. Patients and Method: Prospective study of the coronary angiography carried out in cardiac catheterization center at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital during period from 5th of October 2012 to end of June 2013. A sample of 315 patients was recruited with normal coronary angiography. Results: In the present study the left circumflex artery was variable in its origin, the left circumflex artery originated from the left coronary artery in 97.1%, originated from the left aortic sinus in 1.9% and in 1% of the sample it originated from right aortic sinus. Conclusions: Recognition of the origin of left circumflex coronary artery and its anatomical variations before cardiac surgery is important to prevent myocardial infarction and death. Special surgical consideration must perform in valvular replacement in patient with variation of origin of left circumflex coronary artery.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF STEM CELL MARKERS CD44, CD166 AND ALDH1A1 IN NON-NEOPLASTIC POLYPS OF THE COLON IN SAMPLE OF IRAQI PATIENTS Nawal M Abdullah*, Mustafa M Ibraheem@ & Basim Sh Ahmed# *MB,ChB, MSc, Assist. Prof., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Basrah. @MB,ChB, MSc, PhD, Assist. Prof., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiryah. #MB,ChB, FICMS, Assist. Prof. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiryah, IRAQ. Abstract The aim of this retrospective study on tissue specimens of benign colorectal polyps is to evaluate the significance of IHC markers CD44, CD 166 and ALDH1A1 expression in non-neoplastic (Juvenile and Hamartomatous) polyps and their association with different clinicopathological parameters & to compare their expression in benign polyps with that of normal colonic tissue . Seventy cases enrolled in the study including benign polyps (juvenile & hamartomous polyps) & benign looking colonic tissue obtained from archive of histopathology unit in Gastroenterology and Hepatology hospital in Baghdad Medical City and histopathology unit in Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Basrah city for the period Sept. 2015 to Dec. 2016. Four micrometer sections were obtained from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded blocks treated IHC with CD44, CD166 and ALDH1A1 tumor markers. Majority of polyps were juvenile, no difference regarding gender distribution. The common location was rectum/rectosigmoidal region. CD166, CD44 and ALDH1A1 showed high expression regarding age, gender and location in benign tumors when compared with healthy looking tissue. In conclusion, colorectal polyps are critical clinical entity and many of them are a precursors to malignant diseases so colonoscopy is essential screening test, polypectomy and follow up is mandatory for patients with colorectal polyps even if they are benign.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest malignant tumors among men and women worldwide with large morbidity and mortality 90% of colorectal carcinoma are adenocarcinoma while mucinous type comprising >20% of all colorectal cancers . Development process is slowly with late diagnosis, therefore early detection and screening is of vital importance. CD44, CD166 and ALDH1A1 are stem cell markers with different expressions depending on type of tumor and relation to clinical parameters. Objective: To highlight expression of CD44,CD166 and ALDH1A1 in normal tissue adjacent to mucinous and non-mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma and correlate with clinic- pathological parameters in a group of Iraqi patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 70 cases with normal tissue adjacent to colorectal carcinoma obtained from two hospitals from 2015 to 2016, divided into two groups. Paraffin blocks were IHC treated with CD44, CD166 and ALDH1A1 markers to compare the expression pattern of these stem cell markers. Results: The study revealed that 15.7 % were mucinous CRC with mean age 59yrs and equal M / F ratio and common site is rectum and recto sigmoidal region .CD44 CD166 and ALDH1A1 markers had different expression pattern among mucinous and non-mucinous CRC. Conclusion: The normal tissue adjacent to CRC had different marker expression properties depending on type of the tumor.