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To review the frequency of adverse events reported with nitrofurantoin (NF) in perimenopausal and menopausal women on prolonged daily prophylaxis in an outpatient setting. Electronic medical records of women aged 50–95 prescribed NF by 2 primary urology providers for at least 3 consecutive months from 2006 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, reason for the initiation, dose and duration of therapy, explanation of therapy interruptions, occurrence of adverse events, comorbid conditions, and relevant lab and imaging results were recorded. The number of months on prolonged therapy were summed. Of the 221 patients included, 167 (77%) were prescribed 100 mg of NF daily with a mean duration of therapy of 1.5 years. The most common indication for therapy was recurrent urinary tract infection prophylaxis. Breakthrough urinary tract infections developed in 88 (40%) patients on prolonged NF therapy but only 10 were not restarted on NF. Four patients (1.8%) were determined to have pulmonary adverse events and 1 (0.4%) developed elevated liver function tests. In peri-menopausal and menopausal women, the risks and benefits of chronic NF therapy should be weighed by the clinician and patient prior to prescribing long term NF. Patients must be educated about the potential NF toxicities and clinically monitored for signs and symptoms of potential adverse events while on chronic NF therapy.

In this era of science and technology, weather forecasting and monitoring has seen several technological developments, because of its tremendous benefits in human’s everyday life. These technological developments were necessary due to the challenges faced in conventional weather forecasting systems such as, inaccurate predictions and expensive equipment. The authors of this paper after analyzing these problems have designed a low-cost Portable Wireless Weather monitoring system using an Arduino microcontroller and Xbee radios. To calculate weather variables such as barometric pressure and temperature, sensors are integrated with the, implemented Weather Monitoring System. The developed system includes some capabilities, such as a graphical interface that receives, sensed data available through the base station (PC or laptop equipped with Xbee radios), which is accomplished by seamless contact between the base station and the remote nodes (Arduino equipped with sensor and Xbee radios). In addition, another feature is also introduced in this paper to control the remote node's energy consumption. To introduce an inexpensive weather monitoring system, the weather monitoring system is powered using a solar panel with a Power Supply Unit. This power supply unit is connected to the rechargeable battery later connected to the Arduino (remote node). The PSU enables the battery to shut-down at a certain interval of time, which drastically reduces the overall power consumption of the weather monitoring system., {"references":["[1] Bamodu, O., Osebor, F., Xia, L., Cheshmehzangi, A., & Tang, L. (2018). Indoor environment monitoring based on humidity conditions using a low-cost sensor network.Energy Procedia,145(1), 464-471.[2]Fowdur, T. P., Beeharry, Y., Hurbungs, V., Bassoo, V., Ramnarain-Seetohul, V., & Lun, E. C. M. (2018). Performance analysis and implementation of an adaptive real-time weather forecasting system.Internet of Things,3(1), 12-33.[3] Deng, D., Yuan, H., Cui, Y., & Ju, Y. (2018). Energy management of WSN-based charge measurement system of ultra high-voltage direct-current transmission line.Wireless Networks,24(5), 1667-1681.[4] Kiani, F. (2018). Animal behavior management by energy-efficient wireless sensor networks.Computers and electronics in agriculture,151(1), 478-484.[5] Ojha, T., Misra, S., & Raghuwanshi, N. S. (2015). Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: The state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges.Computers and electronics in agriculture,118(1), 66-84.[6] Dehwah, A. H., Elmetennani, S., & Claudel, C. (2017). UD-WCMA: An energy estimation and forecast scheme for solar powered wireless sensor networks.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,90(1), 17-25.[7] Sebbar, A., Boulahya, S. E., Mezzour, G., & Boulmalf, M. (2016, May). 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Architectural design and performance evaluation of a ZigBee technology based adaptive sprinkler irrigation robot.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,160(1), 168-178.[11] Dhilipkumar, S., & Arunachalaperumal, C. (2020). Smart Toll Collection System Using ZIGBEE and RFID.Materials Today: Proceedings,24(1), 2054-2061.[12] He, Z. Y., & Jiang, P. (2009, December). Design of wireless gateway based on ZigBee and GPRS technology. In2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering(pp. 1-4). IEEE.[13] Le, N. T., & Benjapolakul, W. (2019). Received signal strength data of ZigBee technology for on-street environment at 2.4 GHz band and the interruption of vehicle to link quality.Data in brief,22(1), 1036-1043.[14] Moridi, M. A., Kawamura, Y., Sharifzadeh, M., Chanda, E. K., Wagner, M., & Okawa, H. (2018). Performance analysis of ZigBee network topologies for underground space monitoring and communication systems.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,71(1), 201-209.[15] Maheswari, D. U., & Sudha, S. (2019). Node degree based energy efficient two-level clustering for wireless sensor networks.Wireless Personal Communications,104(3), 1209-1225.[16] Kanchi, R. R., & Uttarkar, N. K. (2018). Design and development of a semiconductor bandgap measurement system using Microcontroller: MSP430G2553 and ZigBee: CC2500.Materials Today: Proceedings,5(1), 351-359.[17] Malik, H., & Mazhar, A. (2020). EyeCom: an IoT based affordable wearable solution for paralyzed people to interact with machines.Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing,11(6), 2325-2336.[18] Saha, R., Biswas, S., Sarmah, S., Karmakar, S., &Das, P. (2021). A Working Prototype Using DS18B20 Temperature Sensor and Arduino for Health Monitoring.SN Computer Science,2(1), 1-21.[19] Abraham, S., & Li, X. (2016). 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Purpose: Predicting and then preventing cardiac arrest of a patient in ICU is the most challenging phase even for a most highly skilled professional. The data been collected in ICU for a patient are huge, and the selection of a portion of data for preventing cardiac arrest in a quantum of time is highly decisive, analysing and predicting that large data require an effective system. An effective integration of computer applications and cardiovascular data is necessary to predict the cardiovascular risks. A machine learning technique is the right choice in the advent of technology to manage patients with cardiac arrest. Methodology: In this work we have collected and merged three data sets, Cleveland Dataset of US patients with total 303 records, Statlog Dataset of UK patients with 270 records, and Hungarian dataset of Hungary, Switzerland with 617 records. These data are the most comprehensive data set with a combination of all three data sets consisting of 11 common features with 1190 records. Findings/Results: Feature extraction phase extracts 7 features, which contribute to the event. In addition, extracted features are used to train the selected machine learning classifier models, and results are obtained and obtained results are then evaluated using test data and final results are drawn. Extra Tree Classifier has the highest value of 0.957 for average area under the curve (AUC). Originality: The originality of this combined Dataset analysis using machine learning classifier model results Extra Tree Classifier with highest value of 0.957 for average area under the curve (AUC). Paper Type: Experimental Research Keywords: Cardiac, Machine Learning, Random Forest, XBOOST, ROC AUC, ST Slope.

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is an emerging technology that brings tremendous technological advancement in the method of communication among smart vehicles. Due to its complex infrastructure and vehicle speed, data routing remains difficult at VANET. A VANET is also considered similar to Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), and MANET routing protocols can be adapted for VANETs for performance evaluation. In this work, we have selected a real world scenario from our locality with high traffic issues, Nanthoor Mangalore City Karnataka, India and a Map is generated using Open Street Map using SUMO and the MANET routing protocols AODV, OLSR, DSDV and OLSR are evaluated using NS3.

Mobile Ad Hoc networks is a network in which energy is a main constraint and selection of a protocol that minimizes the energy usage is a key issue. Mobile Ad hoc network communicates with other nodes, without the help of base station and Communication is possible by forwarding a data unit consisting of control information and user data known as packets from one node to other. Furthermore, another key issue in mobile ad hoc networks is routing since the nodes are in mobility and tend to change the paths and move out of the network. The evaluation of energy efficient routing protocols can be effectively performed using NS3. Three types of routing protocols can be seen, Reactive, Proactive and Hybrid and in this paper, AODV a reactive protocol and OLSR a proactive protocol is compared and Delivery ratio of packets, Packet Loss and count of packets received are evaluated to analyze the energy efficiency of protocols based on these metrics.

To review the frequency of adverse events reported with nitrofurantoin (NF) in perimenopausal and menopausal women on prolonged daily prophylaxis in an outpatient setting.Electronic medical records of women aged 50-95 prescribed NF by 2 primary urology providers for at least 3 consecutive months from 2006 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, reason for the initiation, dose and duration of therapy, explanation of therapy interruptions, occurrence of adverse events, comorbid conditions, and relevant lab and imaging results were recorded. The number of months on prolonged therapy were summed.Of the 221 patients included, 167 (77%) were prescribed 100 mg of NF daily with a mean duration of therapy of 1.5 years. The most common indication for therapy was recurrent urinary tract infection prophylaxis. Breakthrough urinary tract infections developed in 88 (40%) patients on prolonged NF therapy but only 10 were not restarted on NF. Four patients (1.8%) were determined to have pulmonary adverse events and 1 (0.4%) developed elevated liver function tests.In peri-menopausal and menopausal women, the risks and benefits of chronic NF therapy should be weighed by the clinician and patient prior to prescribing long term NF. Patients must be educated about the potential NF toxicities and clinically monitored for signs and symptoms of potential adverse events while on chronic NF therapy.

Sol-gel derived pure and Tin (Sn) doped ZnO thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by cost-effective spin-coating method. The influence of Sn incorporation on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO films was investigated by varying Sn concentration. X-ray diffraction reveals the hexagonal crystal structure with a preferential orientation of the crystallites along c-axis in ZnO film after doping with Sn. The transparency of ZnO thin film in the visible region is increased significantly from 72% to 93% after Sn incorporation into the ZnO matrix. The grain size of the film decreased from 27 nm to 20 nm after doping with Sn. The widening of optical band gap from 3.23 to 3.29 eV i.e., a blue shift of absorption edge with Sn doping is attributed to a combination of the Burstein-Moss effect and electron-impurity scattering. Urbach energy values have shown that Sn dopant decreases the width of the band tail of localized states. The electrical properties of the films revealed the decrement of the conductivity in the doped film. The decrement in the conductivity upon Sn doping is explained considering the grain-boundary conduction model and piezoelectric scattering mechanism. The Figure of Merit was calculated to assess the efficiency of the prepared film and was found that the film Sn: ZnO (3 at.%) shows the highest value. The obtained results confirm that Sn dopant has considerable effects on the properties of ZnO thin films and can be used as promising transparent conducting oxide films for optoelectronic applications.

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Many surgeons recommend pelvic osteotomy to treat symptomatic hip dysplasia in younger patients. We previously reported a cohort of patients at 10 and 15 years followup in which 65% of the patients showed no progression of osteoarthritis (OA). QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were to determine whether the triple osteotomy can provide (1) continuing pain relief and (2) function; and to determine the (3) incidence of OA and (4) number of patients undergoing THAs 23 years or more after triple osteotomy. METHODS: Between 1980 and 1987, 51 pelvic osteotomies were performed in 43 patients (38 females and five males; mean age, 28 years; range, 14-48 years). Followup was obtained for 40 patients (49 of 51 hips; 96%). Clinical evaluation, including pain, mobility, and ROM, was graded according to the subgroups of the modified scoring system of Merle d'Aubigne and Postel. The minimum followup was 23 years (mean, 25 years; range, 23-29 years). RESULTS: The mean VAS pain score increased from 27 mm to 31 mm at the last followup, but remained substantially lower than before surgery. The mean Merle d'Aubigne-Postel score improved from 13 preoperatively to 15 at a mean of 10 years followup but at last followup, the mean score had decreased to 14, thereby showing a trend to diminish. At 15 years followup, 20 patients showed signs of OA. At 25 years followup, 18 of 33 patients without THAs showed signs of OA (55%). Six patients (six hips) had undergone THAs at 15 years, increasing to 15 patients (16 hips) at 25 years. CONCLUSION: While the triple osteotomy for symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip in young adults provides substantial pain relief and restores function in most patients, these results deteriorate over decades owing to the development of OA. Even in joints without preoperative OA, a THA cannot always be avoided. The triple osteotomy does not normalize the joint and the incidence of THA in this group of patients (32%) is much higher than in the general population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

This grand rounds is about the clinical and radiological presentation, treatment and outcome of pediatric cervical spine injury. A 15-month-old girl suffers from a motor vehicle accident and is intubated on-site because of progressive agitation. Whole body trauma CT was read as normal. When sedation was discontinued after 24 h she was found to be tetraplegic below C6 level. MRI shows a total disruption between C6 and C7 that in hindsight was also visible on the initial trauma CT. She was treated surgically by an anterior and posterior reconstruction and was post-operatively treated with a halo vest. Clearing the cervical spine in young children is deceptively difficult. Meticulous review and interpretation of conventional radiographs and CT are important yet MRI should be considered in uncertain cases. Severe ligamentous injury without concomitant bony injury occurs more frequently than in older children and adults, with sometimes devastating consequences.

Contains fulltext : 47638.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The continuous development of new biomaterials for tissue engineering and the enhancement of tissue ingrowth into existing scaffolds, using growth factors, create the necessity for developing adequate tools to assess tissue ingrowth rates into porous biomaterials. Current histomorphometric techniques evaluating rates of tissue ingrowth tend either to measure the overall tissue content in an entire sample or to depend on the user to indicate a front of tissue ingrowth. Neither method is particularly suitable for the assessment of tissue ingrowth rates, as these methods either lack the sensitivity required or are problematic when there is a tissue ingrowth gradient rather than an obvious tissue ingrowth front. This study describes a histomorphometric method that requires little observer input, is sensitive, and renders detailed information for the assessment of tissue ingrowth rates into porous biomaterials. This is achieved by examining a number of computer-defined concentric zones, which are based on the distance of a pixel from the scaffold edge. Each zone is automatically analyzed for tissue content, eliminating the need for user definition of a tissue ingrowth front and thus reducing errors and observer dependence. Tissue ingrowth rates in two biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds (Estane and polycaprolactone-polyurethane [PCLPU]) specifically designed for tissue engineering of the knee meniscus were assessed. Samples were subcutaneously implanted in rats with follow-up until 6 months. Especially at the earlier follow-up points, PCLPU scaffolds showed significantly higher tissue ingrowth rates than Estane scaffolds, making the PCLPU scaffold a promising candidate for further studies investigating meniscus tissue engineering.

In the title compound, C17H15Cl2NO, the dimethylaminophenyl group is close to coplanar with the central propenone group [dihedral angle = 13.1 (1)° between the mean planes], while the dichlorophenyl group is twisted from the plane [dihedral angle = 64.0 (1)°]. In the crystal, C—H...O and weak C—H...π interactions are formed between molecules.