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A suplementação de vitamina C é importante para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de girinos de rã-touro sob condições ótimas de temperatura da água. Desta forma, foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o efeito da suplementação de vitamina C sobre a dieta de girinos de rã-touro em baixa temperatura. O experimento foi realizado com 480 girinos com peso médio de 0,078g, distribuídos em 12 aquários com 40L de água em sistema fechado de recirculação de água. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (0, 150, 300 e 600 mg kg-1 de monofosfato de ácido L-ascórbico) e três repetições. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado por meio de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo de ração, eficiência proteica, rendimento de carcaça, índice hepatossomático, índice viscerossomático, índice de gordura visceral, matéria seca e extrato etéreo de carcaça. A temperatura da água durante o período experimental foi de 21,74 ± 0,43 °C. A suplementação com vitamina C não influenciou o rendimento de carcaça e o índice viscerossomático. No entanto, houve efeito quadrático da suplementação com vitamina C sobre o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar aparente, a eficiência protéica, o índice de gordura visceral, o índice hepatossomático e o extrato etéreo de carcaça. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo, os girinos de rã-touro devem ser suplementados com 600 mg vitamina C kg-1 da dieta quando submetidos em temperaturas médias de 22 °C. Vitamin C supplementation is important for the growth and development of bullfrog tadpoles under optimum water temperature conditions. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the diet of bullfrog tadpoles at a low temperature. A total of 480 tadpoles with a mean weight of 0.078 g were distributed in 12 aquariums each containing 40 L of water in a closed water recirculation system. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments (0, 150, 300, and 600 mg kg-1 of L-ascorbic acid monophosphate) and three replicates. The productive performance was measured by the weight gain, feed conversion, diet consumption, protein efficiency, carcass yield, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, visceral fat index, dry matter, and ethereal carcass extract. The water temperature during the experimental period was 21.74 ± 0.43 °C. Vitamin C supplementation did not influence carcass yield and viscerosomatic index. However, there was a quadratic effect of vitamin C supplementation on the weight gain, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency, visceral fat index, hepatosomatic index, and ethereal carcass extract. Based on these results, bullfrog tadpoles should be supplemented with 600 mg vitamin C kg-1 of the diet when subjected to water temperatures of around 22 °C.

In nature, cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) feed consists of a huge variety of seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, and insects. In captivity, their feed is generally poor, as many breeders offer only a mixture of seeds as food, leading to nutrient deficiency and even obesity. This paper presents a study on cockatiel feeding behavior in artificial environments at different stages of development (growth, maintenance, and reproduction), to evaluate their preference from the offer of six different food types (sunflower seed, oats, millet, rice, ration, and a cornmeal based feed or farinhada), and an analysis of their preferences for locations in the cage. No significant differences were observed about the final weight of the birds during the stages of development. Consumption of millet seeds was significantly higher in the growth stage, but at this stage, the birds showed a preference for oats. On the other hand, at the reproduction and maintenance stages, they showed a preference for sunflower seeds. The birds in the reproduction stage were the ones that visited the nest, and the nest grid, the most. Among all the cage locations, all birds showed a preference for the perches. Na natureza a calopsita (Nymphicus hollandicus) tem a sua alimentação composta por uma enorme variedade de sementes, frutos, flores, folhas e insetos. Em cativeiro a sua alimentação geralmente é deficiente, pois muitos criadores oferecem apenas misturas de sementes como alimento, causando deficiência de nutrientes e até mesmo obesidade. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo sobre o comportamento alimentar de calopsitas em ambiente artificial em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento (crescimento, mantença e reprodução) e uma análise de uso do espaço pelas aves dentro da gaiola, com o objetivo de avaliar a preferência das aves a partir da oferta de seis diferentes tipos de alimentos (sementes de girassol, aveia, painço, arroz, ração e farinhada) e a preferência das mesmas pelos locais na gaiola. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as fases de desenvolvimento ao que se diz respeito ao peso final dos animais. O consumo de sementes de painço foi significativamente maior na fase de crescimento, mas o alimento preferido nessa fase foi a aveia. Já nas fases de reprodução e mantença a preferência foi pela semente de girassol. As aves na fase de reprodução foram as que mais visitaram o ninho e a grade do ninho. O local das gaiolas preferido por todas as aves foram os poleiros.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different initial densities of Nile tilapia fingerlings on water quality, fish growth, and production of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in a recirculating aquaponic set up. The experiment was carried out on randomized block design and comprised four fish densities (0, 150, 250 and 500 fish m-3) and two crops, in which each treatment was continued for 45 days and replicated three times. Except for pH and total alkalinity, all water physicochemical parameters were increased significantly at high fish densities. In contrast, most of the biological parameters for fish were unaffected by culture density, although at the highest density crude protein percentage was significantly increased and ether extract percentage was significantly reduced. Plant productivities were highest when fish were cultured at density of 500 fish m-3, a density that was found to be appropriate for maintaining water quality and promoting fish growth while preventing toxicity and mortality. The present study has demonstrated the technical viability of coupling Nile tilapia culture coup with aquaponic production of marjoram and sweet basil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of clove oil (eugenol), benzocaine and sodium chloride on the induction, return time and survival rate of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the transport simulation of 5 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 9 treatments in three replicates: Treatment 1: control, Treatment 2: benzocaine 20 mg / L, Treatment 3: benzocaine 40 mg / L, Treatment 4: eugenol 3 ml / L, Treatment 5: eugenol, Treatment 6: eugenol 3 ml + 5 g salt, Treatment 7: eugenol 6 ml + 10 g salt, Treatment 8: 5 g / L salt, Treatment 9: 10 g / L salt. No significant difference was observed for immediate survival rate, survival rate between 24 and 48 hours. In relation to the induction times, those were lower and significant for benzocaine 40 mg / L, eugenol 6 ml / L and the association between eugenol and salt (6 ml / L + 10 g) in comparison with other treatments. The return times of the anesthetics benzocaine 40mg / L, eugenol 6 ml / L and conjugation between eugenol and salt (6ml / L + 10g) were lower in relation to the treatments with lower concentration. The survival rate demonstrated satisfactory results in all treatments. However, benzocaine at 40 mg / L concentration was considered the most effective anesthetic for tilapia because it presented shorter induction and recovery times. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de óleo-de-cravo (eugenol), benzocaína e cloreto de sódio no tempo de indução e retorno e na taxa de sobrevivência de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), durante a simulação de transporte de 5 horas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 9 tratamentos em três repetições: Tratamento 1: controle, Tratamento 2: benzocaína 20 mg/L, Tratamento 3: benzocaína 40 mg/L, Tratamento 4: eugenol 3 ml/L, Tratamento 5: eugenol 6 ml/L, Tratamento 6: 3 ml/L de eugenol + 5 g/L de sal, Tratamento 7: 6 ml de eugenol + 10 g/L de sal, Tratamento 8: sal 5 g/L, Tratamento 9: sal 10 g/L. Não foi observada diferença significativa para taxa de sobrevivência imediata, taxa de sobrevivência entre 24 e 48 horas. Em relação ao tempo de indução, este foi inferior e significativo para os tratamentos de benzocaína 40 mg/L, eugenol 6 ml/L e a associação entre 6 ml/L de eugenol mais 10g/L de sal em relação aos demais tratamentos. O tempo de retorno dos anestésicos benzocaína 40mg/L, eugenol 6 ml/L e conjugação entre 6ml/L de eugenol e 10g/L sal foi menor em relação aos tratamentos com menor concentração. A taxa de sobrevivência demonstrou resultados satisfatórios em todos os tratamentos. No entanto, a benzocaína na concentração 40 mg/L foi considerado o anestésico mais eficiente para tilápia por apresentar menores tempos de indução e recuperação.

The present study examined the effect of adding the antioxidants vitamins C and E on the quality of semen cryopreserved of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). Semen samples from nine breeding males were collected for analysis of rate (%) and duration (s) of sperm motility. The sperm pool was diluted into three cryoprotective solutions: Solution A: 5 gr. Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) added with 5 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and distilled water to 100 mL; Solution B: Solution A + 0.0001 mg vitamin E; Solution C: Solution A + 0.0001 mg vitamin C. The vitamins C and E were not toxic to the semen of curimba. The sperm motility did not present any significant difference. However, the semen cryopreserved with vitamin C had a longer duration of the motility after thawing. Therefore, the vitamin C is recommended for the cryopreservation of the semen of curimba.

Evaluation of semen characteristics after hormonal induction of the bullfrog could provide valuable information on the gametes of this species, which may be useful for projects related to artificial fertilization, animal improvement, and cryopreservation. Bullfrog males were induced to spermiate with buserelin acetate (GnRHa), and their semen was subsequently analyzed. GnRHa (0.4 μg) was administered to the bullfrog males with secondary sexual characteristics such as weight > 200 g, yellow chin, nuptial callus, and amplexus reflex, being the semen collected after 60 min. The semen volume was 5.76 mL, light-colored. The other characteristics of the semen were: vigor of 4.80, motility of 93%, concentration of 14.24 × 106 mL-1, and content of normal spermatozoa of 70%. The volume, color, vigor, motility, sperm concentration, and content of normal spermatozoa were adequate in these bullfrog semen samples. Evaluation of the bullfrog semen samples based on this set of parameters is essential for decision-making about the quality and destination of the semen.

By understanding the hormonal action behind the induction of spermiation in Leptodactylus ocellatus can help in the collection of semen for artificial insemination and cryopreservation. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Frog Farm of the Federal University of Viçosa. Seven L. ocellatus males with the following secondary sexual characteristics were selected: black thorns, developed forelimbs, and amplexus reflex. Spermiation was induced in these animals by applying daily 0.4 μg buserelin acetate hormone (GnRHa) for 7 days, being the semen collected 90 min after the application. The volume, color, vigor, motility, sperm concentration, and spermatozoa morphology were subsequently evaluated. Three animals responded to GnRHa induction, enabling the collection of seven samples of semen, and the first sample was collected 97.5h after the first application. The semen of the creole frog presented the following characteristics: an average volume of 0.38 mL, murky color, sperm vigor of 3.71, sperm motility of 77.14%, sperm concentration of 6.60 x 106 SPTZ mL-1, and 69% of normal sperm. GnRHa can induce spermiation in the creole frog. Although the volume of collected semen was low, the color, vigor, motility, concentration, and spermatozoa content showed to be adequate.

A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) disponibilizada pela revista não corresponde. Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de manjericão (Origanum basilicum) e manjerona (Origanum majorana) utilizando efluente do cultivo de tilápia em sistema de aquaponia. Foram utilizadas 1000 pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), distribuídos em sistemas de caixas de água de 1.000 litros dentro da casa de vegetação. O experimento de crescimento das plantas foi montado segundo um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dois tratamentos: Tratamento 1, cultivo de manjericão (Origanum basilicum), e Tratamento 2, cultivo de manjerona (Origanum majorana), com três repetições. Para o cultivo, as plantas foram colocadas numa plataforma. Durante os 42 dias de experimento, foram observadas diferenças significativas no peso e crescimento do manjericão em comparação à manjerona. Conclui-se que o efluente do cultivo de peixe pode ser usado no cultivo de manjericão e manjerona em sistema de Aquaponia, garantindo um desenvolvimento favorável das plantas. The objective was to evaluate the growth of basil (Origanum basilicum) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) using effluent from cultivation of tilapia in aquaponic systems. A total of 1000 post-larvae of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were distributed in boxes of 1.000 liters of water inside greenhouse. The experimental of plant growth was assembled according to a completely randomized design with two treatments: Treatment 1, cultivation of basil (Origanum basilicum), and Treatment 2, cultivation of marjoram (Origanum majorana), with three repetition. For the cultivation, the plants were placed in a platform. During the 42 days of experiments it was observed significant difference in weight and growth of basil compared to marjoram. The effluent from the cultivation of fish can be used in cultivation of basil and marjoram in aquaponic systems, allowing a favorable growth of the plants.

A partir dos valores de digestibilidade de alguns ingredientes foram propostas dietas, com diferentes níveis de proteína e energia digestíveis, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, destinadas a girinos de rã-touro para avaliar o desempenho zootécnico. O experimento, com duração de 60 dias, foi conduzido com 810 girinos, oriundos da mesma desova, distribuídos em 27 caixas de polipropileno, em uma densidade de 1girino/L. O delineamento experimental foi um esquema fatorial com três níveis de proteína digestível (27; 31 e 35%) e três níveis de energia digestível (2.700; 2.800 e 2.900kcal/kg) com três réplicas. Os parâmetros avaliados aos 60 dias foram ganho de peso, consumo da dieta, consumo em proteína da dieta, conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica e índice de sobrevivência. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Duncan (95% de precisão). Os resultados encontrados não apresentaram interação entre proteína e energia digestível para nenhum parâmetro avaliado. Em relação à proteína digestível, foram verificadas diferenças nos parâmetros consumo em proteína da dieta e taxa de eficiência proteica (TEP), o que demonstra ineficiência das dietas com altos valores proteicos. Deve-se oferecer aos girinos de rã-touro dietas com 27% de proteína digestível, por apresentarem melhor resultado para taxa de eficiência proteica e para consumo em proteína da dieta. From the digestibility values of some ingredients, it was proposed diets with different levels of digestible protein and energy, in a 3x3 factorial design for bullfrog tadpoles, aiming at evaluate the zootechnical performance. The experiment was conducted during 60 days with 810 tadpoles from the same spawning distributed into 27 polypropylene boxes at a density of 1 tadpole/L. The experimental design consisted of a factorial arrangement with three levels of digestible protein (27; 31 and 35%) and three levels of digestible energy (2700; 2800 and 2900kcal/kg) with three repetitions. Parameters evaluated at 60 days were weight gain, feed intake, dietary protein intake, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and survival rate. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan test (95% accuracy), and presented no interaction between digestible protein and digestible energy for any parameter evaluated. As for the digestible protein, significant differences were detected in the dietary protein intake, and protein efficiency rate, evidencing inefficiency of diets with high protein values. Bullfrog tadpoles should be given diets with 27% digestible protein by having the best result for the protein efficiency rate and for the dietary protein intake, with the lowest value and similar to other levels among evaluated parameters.