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International audience; Based on a corpus of eight heritage mobile applications in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, this qualitative study highlights new ways of exercising political power that go beyond those specific to the heritage process and renew the stakeholders. At a first level, a horizontalization of the organization is revealed in the form of a shared and distributed governance dynamic between the different actors. At a second level, power is expressed in a privileged way through multiple temporal dynamics which underline the process of negociations at work in these projects. In a transversal way, a progressive shift of power appears, from political actors to the service providers involved in the digital field.; À partir d’un corpus de huit applications mobiles patrimoniales en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, l’étude qualitative proposée met en lumière de nouvelles modalités d’exercice du pouvoir politique qui dépassent celles propres au processus de patrimonialisation et en renouvellent les parties prenantes. À un premier niveau, est révélée une horizontalisation de l’organisation sous la forme d’une dynamique de gouvernance partagée et répartie entre les différents acteurs. À un second niveau, le pouvoir s’exprime de manière privilégiée au travers de dynamiques temporelles multiples qui témoignent des modalités de négociation à l’œuvre dans ces projets. De manière transversale, apparaît alors un déplacement progressif du pouvoir depuis les acteurs politiques vers les entreprises prestataires impliquées œuvrant dans le domaine du numérique.

L’ouvrage, dirigé par Solène Gaudin et Frédéric Pugniere-Saavedra, présente les résultats de travaux menés dans le cadre d’un projet financé par l’ANR et intitulé « La démolition des grands ensembles : un effet paroxystique des Attentes et Attendus en matière d’Espace-AAE ». Dans une volonté de comprendre la structure rhétorique et les arguments portés par un discours sur la rénovation urbaine, aussi appelé dans l’ouvrage un discours « démolisseur », l’ouvrage s’appuie sur un corpus de grande...

Cet article étudie les formes de participation des publics à partir de l’étude de quatre applications mobiles de visite patrimoniale. Leur valorisation s’appuie sur la promesse d’une relation plus moderne, interactive et collaborative avec l’institution patrimoniale, permise par l’utilisation de l’application. Si la promesse d’une plus forte participation des publics peut être instrumentalisée, elle est aussi inscrite dans le design des applications à travers différentes fonctionnalités éditoriales, variables d’une application à l’autre. Il ressort de l’analyse trois modèles de communication publics/institution : affective, cognitive et axiologique. L’utilisateur est ainsi sollicité pour, tour à tour, exprimer ses émotions, transmettre des connaissances voire s’engager de façon citoyenne dans la préservation patrimoniale.

In mammals, postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the mandible undergoes many changing functional constraints, leading to spatialization of bone formation and remodelling to accommodate various dietary and behavioural changes. The interactions between the bone, muscles and teeth drive this developmental plasticity, which, in turn, could lead to convergences in the developmental processes constraining the directionality of ontogenies, their evolution and thus the adult shape variation. To test the importance of the interactions between tissues in shaping the ontogenetic trajectories, we compared the mandible shape at five postnatal stages on three rodents: the house mouse, the Mongolian gerbil and the golden hamster, using geometric morphometrics. After an early shape differentiation, by both longer gestation and allometric scaling in gerbils or early divergence of postnatal ontogeny in hamsters in comparison with the mouse, the ontogenetic trajectories appear more similar around weaning. The changes in muscle load associated with new food processing and new behaviours at weaning seem to impose similar physical constraints on the mandible, driving the convergences of the ontogeny at that stage despite an early anatomical differentiation. Nonetheless, mice present a rather different timing compared with gerbils or hamsters.

In recent years, Internet-of-Things technology (IoT) has been the subject of research in a diverse field of applications, given its essential role in transitioning society towards a more interconnected paradigm of conducting manufacturing, logistics, services, and business, what is also known as Industry 4.0. Consistent with this line of research, this project addresses the application of IoT in distribution packaging as a way to better understand supply chain conditions. Specifically, this work presents an operational concept for a system that implements IoT technology in the pallets that are used to move products along supply chains and serve as a vehicle to gain insight into the conditions experienced by products and unit loads. The development of this operational concept leverages a systems engineering framework to discover user needs, and stakeholders, and apply model-based systems engineering to create system models that capture expected system behavior and the outputs necessary to create value for the user. A semi structured interview was conducted with eleven companies in order to discover user needs related to their packaging during distribution processes in their supply chain. A system operational concept was developed through use cases, concept of operations, and formal modeling using Cameo System Modeling Software. A review of sensor and communication technologies is presented, as well as a description of the challenges and future research opportunities for the proposed operational concept in distribution packaging. The application of systems engineering framework, and model-based systems engineering to the distribution packaging domain brings clarity to problem formulation in order to lay-out solid value propositions for the adoption of IoT technologies, and to ensure successful realization of systems that achieve customer satisfaction. This work offers three main contributions. First, it provides an identification and description of the needs that industrial companies have in relation to their product and packaging performance during distribution operations. Secondly, it shows how a systems-based approach, leveraging on model-based systems engineering can be employed to conceptualize systems that use innovative technologies like IoT in the domain of distribution packaging. Third, it provides an overview of open research challenges and practical considerations for the implementation of IoT technology in the field of distribution packaging. Master of Science In 2007, The World Bank published a study which states that "eighty percent of US trade is carried on pallets" (Raballand and Aldaz-Carroll, 2007). Furthermore, in the year 2015, a report estimated that there would be 2.6 billion pallets circulating in the United States by the year 2017 (Freedonia Group, 2015). Pallets are ubiquitous and a key component of distribution operations in supply chains, as they transport goods, and are the main interface that connects material handling equipment and packaged products (White and Hamner, 2005). Based on that distinctive characteristic, this study contends that pallet can be used as a window to gain insight into the realities of what is experienced by products and packaging during distribution. This can be done by using sensors imbedded in pallets to capture data of interest about the physical conditions in the supply chains, which opens the potential for more customized and optimized packaging design, supported by more reliable and representative information. This idea is particularly relevant, as established protocols for packaging testing are limited in their capacity to accurately simulate the real-world conditions that occur in the supply chain. This has resulted in suboptimal packaging design (Rouillard, 2008) that decreases the efficiency of logistics operations. This study found that industrial companies are most concerned with avoiding damage that their products can suffer during transportation as a result of temperature, relative humidity, shock, and vibration. Thus, it is necessary to gather data about these distribution parameters for product shipments. Using a model-based system engineering approach, an operational concept is proposed to show what is needed from a system to be able to track these parameters. Furthermore, a review of current available technology for IoT is presented, as well as an examination of the challenges posed to the realization of the proposed operational concept, including factors like cybersecurity, and energy resources constraints. This work offers three main contributions. First, it provides an identification and description of the needs that industrial companies have in relation to their product and packaging performance during distribution operations. Secondly, it shows how a systems-based approach, leveraging on model-based systems engineering can be employed to conceptualize systems that use innovative technologies like IoT in the domain of distribution packaging. Third, it provides an overview of open research challenges and practical considerations for the implementation of IoT technology in the field of distribution packaging.

International audience; In the current context of the proliferation of mobile tour guide applications in museums, this article questions the discourses accompanying these outreach opportunities. Online videos presenting such applications produced by museums are a fertile terrain for the study of the representations of tours with these guides that aid interpretation. Thanks to a social and semiotic study of a selection of twenty three such videos produced by museums, this article demonstrates that these videos contribute to an actualization of a cultural institution’s public image through its affiliation to leisure activities, while at the same time placing their production within the realm of advertising. It reveals the construction of a phantasmagorical representation whose values and aesthetic are rooted in the vocabulary of communications and digital industries.; En un contexto de proliferación de aplicaciones móviles para la visita de museos, este articulo opta por interrogar los discursos que acompañan esta oferta de mediación. Los videos de presentación online de estas aplicaciones producidas por los museos, son un terreno propicio para estudiar las representaciones de una visita con estas guías de ayuda a la interpretación. A partir de un análisis socio-semiótico de un corpus de veintitrés videos de museos, este artículo muestra que estos videos obran por la renovación de la imagen institucional a través de un juego de afiliación a prácticas recreativas, llevando a su enunciador hacia el registro publicitario. Revela la elaboración de una fantasmagoría que extrae sus valores y su estética en los discursos de las industrias de la comunicación y del mundo digital.; Dans un contexte de prolifération des applications mobile de visite de musées, cet article fait le choix d’interroger les discours qui escortent cette offre de médiation. Les vidéos de présentation en ligne de ces applications produites par les musées sont un terrain propice pour étudier les représentations d’une visite avec ces guides d’aide à l’interprétation. À partir d’une analyse socio-sémiotique d’un corpus de 23 vidéos de musées, cet article montre que ces vidéos travaillent à la rénovation de l’image de l’institution par un jeu d’affiliation à des pratiques de loisirs, tout en entraînant leur énonciateur dans le registre publicitaire. Il révèle l’élaboration d’une fantasmagorie qui puise ses valeurs et son esthétique dans les discours des industries de la communication et du numérique.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with almost no curative chemotherapeutic treatment. Besides the development of new compounds, repurposing of approved drugs to treat cancer, alone or in combination, has become an attractive strategy, showing many therapeutic and economic advantages. However, it is necessary to improve our knowledge about the mechanism of cell death elicited by approved drugs itself, but also to rationally develop more powerful multidrug treatments. In this work, we focus our attention on determining the mechanism promoting cell death following trifluoperazine (TFP) treatment, which is an antipsychotic drug with strong anticancer activity in PDAC. We demonstrate that TFP induces cell death by apoptosis and necroptosis, which can be partially inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK as well as necrostatin-1, respectively. This cell death promotion is triggered by a poor ATP content, observed in TFP-treated cells as a consequence of a dramatic decrease in OXPHOS metabolism due to mitochondrial stress. Remarkably, mitochondrial homeostasis was seriously affected, and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS overproduction was observed. Moreover, this mitochondrial stress was coupled with an ER stress and the activation of the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and the unf olded protein response (UPR) pathways. We took advantage of this information and inhibited this process by using the proteasome inhibitors MG-132 or bortezomib compounds in combination with TFP and found a significant improvement of the anticancer effect of the TFP on primary PDAC-derived cells. In conclusion, this study not only uncovers the molecular mechanisms that are triggered upon TFP-treatment but also its possible combination with bortezomib for the future development of therapies for pancreatic cancer. Fil: Huang, Can. Inserm; Francia Fil: Lan, Wenjun. Inserm; Francia Fil: Fraunhoffer Navarro, Nicolas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina Fil: Meilerman, Analía. Inserm; Francia Fil: Iovanna, Juan Lucio. Inserm; Francia Fil: Santofimia Castaño, Patricia. Inserm; Francia