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Minimization of stress during the transportation of live fish is essential in maintaining the welfare and performance of the animals. In order to test the hypothesis that stress during transport of fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can be reduced with the aid of the anesthetics menthol, eugenol or benzocaine, we have assessed the effects of these agents at various concentrations on the physiological parameters and survival rates of fish subjected to conditions simulating those normally used in transportation. Fingerlings (N = 1200) were fasted for 24 hours and distributed in 20 L polyethylene bags (N = 50 per bag) containing 5 L of water and an anesthetic at the appropriate concentration. Fingerlings treated with menthol at 75 mg L-1, or eugenol or benzocaine at 20 mg L-1, maintained levels of plasma cortisol and glucose that were lower than those of the stressed but untreated controls and within the physiological limits of the baseline values for this species. Under these conditions, the survival rate was 100%, suggesting that stress was substantially reduced despite dense consignment. Treatments involving higher doses of the studied agents induced significant anesthetic toxicity. Minimization of stress during the transportation of live fish is essential in maintaining the welfare and performance of the animals. In order to test the hypothesis that stress during transport of fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) can be reduced with the aid of the anesthetics menthol, eugenol or benzocaine, we have assessed the effects of these agents at various concentrations on the physiological parameters and survival rates of fish subjected to conditions simulating those normally used in transportation. Fingerlings (N = 1200) were fasted for 24 hours and distributed in 20 L polyethylene bags (N = 50 per bag) containing 5 L of water and an anesthetic at the appropriate concentration. Fingerlings treated with menthol at 75 mg L-1, or eugenol or benzocaine at 20 mg L-1, maintained levels of plasma cortisol and glucose that were lower than those of the stressed but untreated controls and within the physiological limits of the baseline values for this species. Under these conditions, the survival rate was 100%, suggesting that stress was substantially reduced despite dense consignment. Treatments involving higher doses of the studied agents induced significant anesthetic toxicity.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of different initial densities of Nile tilapia fingerlings on water quality, fish growth, and production of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in a recirculating aquaponic set up. The experiment was carried out on randomized block design and comprised four fish densities (0, 150, 250 and 500 fish m-3) and two crops, in which each treatment was continued for 45 days and replicated three times. Except for pH and total alkalinity, all water physicochemical parameters were increased significantly at high fish densities. In contrast, most of the biological parameters for fish were unaffected by culture density, although at the highest density crude protein percentage was significantly increased and ether extract percentage was significantly reduced. Plant productivities were highest when fish were cultured at density of 500 fish m-3, a density that was found to be appropriate for maintaining water quality and promoting fish growth while preventing toxicity and mortality. The present study has demonstrated the technical viability of coupling Nile tilapia culture coup with aquaponic production of marjoram and sweet basil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of clove oil (eugenol), benzocaine and sodium chloride on the induction, return time and survival rate of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the transport simulation of 5 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 9 treatments in three replicates: Treatment 1: control, Treatment 2: benzocaine 20 mg / L, Treatment 3: benzocaine 40 mg / L, Treatment 4: eugenol 3 ml / L, Treatment 5: eugenol, Treatment 6: eugenol 3 ml + 5 g salt, Treatment 7: eugenol 6 ml + 10 g salt, Treatment 8: 5 g / L salt, Treatment 9: 10 g / L salt. No significant difference was observed for immediate survival rate, survival rate between 24 and 48 hours. In relation to the induction times, those were lower and significant for benzocaine 40 mg / L, eugenol 6 ml / L and the association between eugenol and salt (6 ml / L + 10 g) in comparison with other treatments. The return times of the anesthetics benzocaine 40mg / L, eugenol 6 ml / L and conjugation between eugenol and salt (6ml / L + 10g) were lower in relation to the treatments with lower concentration. The survival rate demonstrated satisfactory results in all treatments. However, benzocaine at 40 mg / L concentration was considered the most effective anesthetic for tilapia because it presented shorter induction and recovery times. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de óleo-de-cravo (eugenol), benzocaína e cloreto de sódio no tempo de indução e retorno e na taxa de sobrevivência de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), durante a simulação de transporte de 5 horas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 9 tratamentos em três repetições: Tratamento 1: controle, Tratamento 2: benzocaína 20 mg/L, Tratamento 3: benzocaína 40 mg/L, Tratamento 4: eugenol 3 ml/L, Tratamento 5: eugenol 6 ml/L, Tratamento 6: 3 ml/L de eugenol + 5 g/L de sal, Tratamento 7: 6 ml de eugenol + 10 g/L de sal, Tratamento 8: sal 5 g/L, Tratamento 9: sal 10 g/L. Não foi observada diferença significativa para taxa de sobrevivência imediata, taxa de sobrevivência entre 24 e 48 horas. Em relação ao tempo de indução, este foi inferior e significativo para os tratamentos de benzocaína 40 mg/L, eugenol 6 ml/L e a associação entre 6 ml/L de eugenol mais 10g/L de sal em relação aos demais tratamentos. O tempo de retorno dos anestésicos benzocaína 40mg/L, eugenol 6 ml/L e conjugação entre 6ml/L de eugenol e 10g/L sal foi menor em relação aos tratamentos com menor concentração. A taxa de sobrevivência demonstrou resultados satisfatórios em todos os tratamentos. No entanto, a benzocaína na concentração 40 mg/L foi considerado o anestésico mais eficiente para tilápia por apresentar menores tempos de indução e recuperação.

The present study examined the effect of adding the antioxidants vitamins C and E on the quality of semen cryopreserved of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). Semen samples from nine breeding males were collected for analysis of rate (%) and duration (s) of sperm motility. The sperm pool was diluted into three cryoprotective solutions: Solution A: 5 gr. Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) added with 5 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and distilled water to 100 mL; Solution B: Solution A + 0.0001 mg vitamin E; Solution C: Solution A + 0.0001 mg vitamin C. The vitamins C and E were not toxic to the semen of curimba. The sperm motility did not present any significant difference. However, the semen cryopreserved with vitamin C had a longer duration of the motility after thawing. Therefore, the vitamin C is recommended for the cryopreservation of the semen of curimba.

Aim Shredders are generally not abundant in tropical streams, and there is considerable evidence suggesting that the food supply drives this pattern in headwaters. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of variation in the availability of food resources, over one year, on the density of Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), which is one of the main shredders in Neotropical headwaters. Methods We measured the relative importance of organic matter in terms of vertical input (VI) and benthic standing stock (BS) on Phylloicus sp. density from October 2012 to September 2013 in a preserved third order stream in the Cerrado savannah biome, Federal District, Brazil. Results Leaves were abundant (monthly biomass of 24.2 g.m–2 ±23.1 SD in VI and 46.1 g.m–2 ±76.7 SD in BS), increasing at the end of dry season (August to October) and comprised the most abundant fraction in VI and BS (~ 70%). Phylloicus sp. had a low density throughout the year (2.4 ind.m–2 ±4.9 SD) and its peak (13.7 ind.m–2 ±17.1 SD in October) was associated with greater leaf biomass in VI and high electrical conductivity in the stream. The well-defined peak of Phylloicus sp. density in October suggests interplay between the increase in Phylloicus density and the leaf litter that enters the stream at the end of the dry season. Electrical conductivity was also higher in October, reflecting an increase in nutrient concentrations in the water during this period. Conclusions The availability of leaf litter may be a determinant factor for the seasonal variation in Phylloicus sp. density in tropical streams, suggesting a bottom-up effect. Changes in the supply of allochthonous resources to the stream can lead to modification in populations of shredders, such as Phylloicus sp., and anthropogenic influences on the riparian vegetation can affect ecological processes of great importance to streams. Resumo: Objetivo Invertebrados fragmentadores são geralmente escassos em riachos tropicais, com evidências consideráveis sugerindo que a disponibilidade de recursos alimentares possa determinar esse padrão em riachos de cabeceira. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de variações na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares durante um ano na densidade Phylloicus sp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), o qual está entre os principais invertebrados fragmentadores em riachos de cabeceira neotropicais. Métodos Medimos a importância relativa da matéria orgânica vegetal alóctone em termos de entrada vertical (EV) e estoque bêntico (EB) na densidade de Phylloicus sp., entre outubro de 2012 e setembro de 2013, em um riacho preservado de terceira ordem no Cerrado, Distrito Federal, Brasil. Resultados Folhas foi a fração mais abundante na EV e EB (~70%). A biomassa de folhas foi alta durante todo o ano (biomassa mensal de 24,2 g.m–2 ±23,1 SD na EV e 46,1 g.m–2 ±76,7 SD no EB), aumentando ao final da estação seca (agosto a outubro). Phylloicus sp. Teve baixa densidade durante o ano (2,4 ± 4,9 ind.m–2 média±DP) e seu pico foi associado à maior biomassa de folhas na EV e maior condutividade elétrica no riacho. O pico bem definido de Phylloicus sp. em outubro sugere uma interação entre o aumento densidade de Phylloicus sp. e a entrada de folhas no final da estação seca. A condutividade elétrica também foi maior em outubro, refletindo um aumento nas concentrações de nutrientes na água durante esse período. Conclusões A disponibilidade de detritos foliares pode ser um fator determinante para a densidade sazonal de Phylloicus sp., sugerindo um efeito bottom-up em riachos tropicais. Mudanças no suprimento de recursos alóctones em riachos podem afetar as populações de fragmentadores como Phylloicus sp. e influências antropogênicas na vegetação ripária podem afetar processos ecológicos de grande importância para riachos de cabeceira.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, 2014. Em ecossistemas lóticos, principalmente nas regiões de cabeceira, onde o metabolismo heterotrófico é dominante (P

A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) disponibilizada pela revista não corresponde. Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de manjericão (Origanum basilicum) e manjerona (Origanum majorana) utilizando efluente do cultivo de tilápia em sistema de aquaponia. Foram utilizadas 1000 pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), distribuídos em sistemas de caixas de água de 1.000 litros dentro da casa de vegetação. O experimento de crescimento das plantas foi montado segundo um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dois tratamentos: Tratamento 1, cultivo de manjericão (Origanum basilicum), e Tratamento 2, cultivo de manjerona (Origanum majorana), com três repetições. Para o cultivo, as plantas foram colocadas numa plataforma. Durante os 42 dias de experimento, foram observadas diferenças significativas no peso e crescimento do manjericão em comparação à manjerona. Conclui-se que o efluente do cultivo de peixe pode ser usado no cultivo de manjericão e manjerona em sistema de Aquaponia, garantindo um desenvolvimento favorável das plantas. The objective was to evaluate the growth of basil (Origanum basilicum) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) using effluent from cultivation of tilapia in aquaponic systems. A total of 1000 post-larvae of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were distributed in boxes of 1.000 liters of water inside greenhouse. The experimental of plant growth was assembled according to a completely randomized design with two treatments: Treatment 1, cultivation of basil (Origanum basilicum), and Treatment 2, cultivation of marjoram (Origanum majorana), with three repetition. For the cultivation, the plants were placed in a platform. During the 42 days of experiments it was observed significant difference in weight and growth of basil compared to marjoram. The effluent from the cultivation of fish can be used in cultivation of basil and marjoram in aquaponic systems, allowing a favorable growth of the plants.