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Purpose: Surgery of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) has been mostly limited to diagnostic work-up. This study aimed to further study its potential role., Methods: This was a retrospective study from a multi-institutional registry of PTL patients. Clinical, diagnostic work-up (fine needle aspiration, FNA; core needle biopsy, CoreNB), contribution of surgery (open surgical biopsy, OpenSB; thyroidectomy), histology subtype, and outcome data were evaluated., Results: Some 54 patients were studied. Diagnostic work-up included FNA in 47 patients, CoreNB in 11, and OpenSB in 21. CoreNB yielded the best sensitivity (90.9%). Thyroidectomy was performed in 14 patients with other diagnosis (incidental PTL), in 4 for diagnosis and in 4 for elective treatment of PTL. Incidental PTL was associated with not performed FNA nor CoreNB (OR 52.5; P = 0.008), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) subtype (OR 24.3; P = 0.012), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR 11.1; P = 0.032). Lymphoma-related death (10 cases) mostly occurred within the first year after diagnosis and was associated with diffuse large B-cell (DLBC) subtype (OR 10.3; P = 0.018) and older patients (OR 1.08 for every 1-year increase; P = 0.010). There was a trend towards lower mortality rate in patients receiving thyroidectomy (2/22 versus 8/32, P = 0.172)., Conclusion: Incidental PTL accounts for most of thyroid surgery cases and are associated with incomplete diagnostic work-up, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and MALT subtype. CoreNB appears to be the best tool for diagnosis. Most of PTL deaths occurred during the first year after diagnosis and mostly related to systemic treatment. Age and DLBC subtype are poor prognostic factors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is increasing exponentially, becoming a matter of concern for Public Health, given its adverse health effects., Objective: To identify individual and faGmily factors predicting UPF consumption in childhood., Design: The SENDO project is an ongoing prospective dynamic cohort of Spanish children. In this study, we used baseline information of participants recruited between January 2015 and June 2021. Dietary information was collected with a validated semi-quantitative FFQ, and food items were classified using the NOVA classification. Individual and family factors associated with UPF consumption ( P < 0·20) in univariate analyses were introduced in a model of generalised estimating equations which accounted for intra-cluster correlations between siblings., Setting: The SENDO project (Spain), 2015-2021., Participants: Spanish children are recruited at the age of 4-5 years and followed yearly through online questionnaires completed by parents., Results: In this sample of 806 participants (49 % girls; mean age 5 years (sd: 0·90)), the mean UPF consumption was 37·64 % of total energy intake (sd: 9·59). Large family size and longer exposure to screens predicted higher consumption of UPF. On the other hand, better knowledge of children's dietary recommendations, healthy dietary attitudes towards child's eating habits and longer breastfeeding were associated with lower consumption of UPF. All these factors accounted for approximately 16 % of the variability on the consumption of UPF in childhood., Conclusion: Since most of the factors identified in this study are modifiable, they should be considered in public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy dietary habits in early life.

Background: The association between parental perception of child's weight and their attitudes towards his/her dietary habits has not been reported yet. This study aimed to assess the association between parental underestimation of child's weight and parental attitudes towards child's dietary habits., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of SENDO cohort participants recruited between January 2015 and June 2020. All information was collected through online questionnaires completed by parents. We calculated crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for unhealthy attitudes towards child's dietary habits associated with parental underestimation of child's weight., Results: Sixteen percent of children in the SENDO project had parents who underestimated their weight. Parents who underestimated their child's weight status were more likely to have unhealthy attitudes toward his/her dietary habits [OR 3.35; 95% CI (1.71-6.53)]., Conclusions: Parental underestimation of child's weight was associated with unhealthy attitudes towards child's dietary habits. Pediatricians and public health practitioners should pay attention to the parental perception of child's weight to identify parents who underestimate it as an at-risk group in which to inquire about lifestyle and dietary habits., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: To describe uveitis complications and visual acuity in a cohort of 500 patients in a multidisciplinary unit in northern Spain., Material and Methods: Retrospective-prospective study of complications and visual acuity of 500 adult patients evaluated in the Multidisciplinary Unit of the Navarra Hospital Complex from the period January 2010 until March 2015. An analysis was made of the complications, visual acuity and visual loss, with a follow-up of one-year. A comparative study was also made of the complications with 2 previous series published in Madrid and Holland., Results: Moderate-severe visual loss was 13.5% in the right eye, and 13% in the left eye. Visual loss was associated with an age of 65 years or above. Complications were observed in 35% of patients, and cataract was the most frequent complication (10%), followed by synechiae (8%), and macular oedema (5%). Compared with the 2 other series, the present cohort showed a higher proportion of cataracts., Conclusions: Visual loss was associated with older age and cataract was the most common complication in our study., (Copyright © 2019 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The article Is the new ASNM intraoperative neuromonitoring supervision "guideline" a trustworthy guideline? A commentary, written by Stanley A. Skinner, Elif Ilgaz Aydinlar, Lawrence F. Borges, Bob S. Carter, Bradford L. Currier, Vedran Deletis, Charles Dong, John Paul Dormans, Gea Drost, Isabel Fernandez‑Conejero, E. Matthew Hoffman, Robert N. Holdefer, Paulo Andre Teixeira Kimaid, Antoun Koht, Karl F. Kothbauer, David B. MacDonald, John J. McAuliffe III, David E. Morledge, Susan H. Morris, Jonathan Norton, Klaus Novak, Kyung Seok Park, Joseph H. Perra, Julian Prell, David M. Rippe, Francesco Sala, Daniel M. Schwartz, Martín J. Segura, Kathleen Seidel, Christoph Seubert, Mirela V. Simon, Francisco Soto, Jeffrey A. Strommen, Andrea Szelenyi, Armando Tello, Sedat Ulkatan, Javier Urriza and Marshall Wilkinson, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 05 January 2019 without open access. With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 30 January 2019 to © The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The original article has been corrected.

The ability to prepare controllable nanocatalysts is of great interest for many chemical industries. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a vapor phase technique enabling the synthesis of conformal thin films and nanoparticles (NPs) on high surface area supports and has become an attractive new route to tailor supported metallic NPs. Virtually all the studies reported, focused on Pd NPs deposited on carbon and oxide surfaces. It is, however, important to focus on emerging catalyst supports such as boron nitride materials, which apart from possessing high thermal and chemical stability, also hold great promises for nanocatalysis applications. Herein, the synthesis of Pd NPs on boron nitride (BN) film substrates is demonstrated entirely by ALD for the first time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that stoichiometric BN formed as the main phase, with a small amount of BN x O y , and that the Pd particles synthesized were metallic. Using extensive transmission electron microscopy analysis, we study the evolution of the highly dispersed NPs as a function of the number of ALD cycles, and the thermal stability of the ALD-prepared Pd/BN catalysts up to 750 °C. The growth and coalescence mechanisms observed are discussed and compared with Pd NPs grown on other surfaces. The results show that the nanostructures of the BN/Pd NPs were relatively stable up to 500 °C. Consequent merging has been observed when annealing the samples at 750 °C, as the NPs' average diameter increased from 8.3 ± 1.2 nm to 31 ± 4 nm. The results presented open up exciting new opportunities in the field of catalysis.

Objective: To describe the main characteristics of a cohort of patients with uveitis referred to a multidisciplinary unit in northern Spain., Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients evaluated in the Multidisciplinary Unit of the Navarra Hospital Complex from the period January 2010 until March 2015. An analysis was performed on the demographic characteristics, origin, types of uveitis, laterality, and aetiology. The present series was also compared with 2 previous series from Castilla y León and Barcelona., Results: A total of 500 patients were identified, with a mean age of 47.9±16.4 years, with 50% women. The most frequent type of uveitis was anterior uveitis (65.4%), followed by posterior uveitis (17.6%), panuveitis (15.2%), and intermediate uveitis (1.8%). The origin was unclassifiable in 31.2%, followed by non-infectious systemic disease in 29.2%. Ankylosing spondylitis was the most frequent cause in 10.8% of patients, followed by herpes infection in 9.2%, and toxoplasmosis in 7.8%, respectively. Compared with the 2other cohorts, the present cohort showed a higher proportion of unilateral anterior uveitis. Furthermore, the patients from the Navarra series had a higher prevalence of unilateral and idiopathic uveitis compared to the series from Barcelona., Conclusions: The main characteristics of the present cohort of patients with uveitis are similar to those of patients from other regions of our country. Unilateral anterior uveitis and idiopathic uveitis were the most frequent in our series., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The protein hypercatabolic state in critically ill pediatric patients can be minimized by an effective nutrition therapy. We conducted a study to evaluate the benefits of early parenteral nutrition (EPN) assessing its effect on nutritional parameters and clinical relevance after complex surgical procedures., Methods: Prospective randomized study in patients undergoing abdominal surgery in which nothing by mouth is anticipated for a period ≥ 3 days, between 2012 and 2014. Blood tests were performed assessing nutritional parameters in the first 24 hours and the 5th postoperative day. Two groups were created, starting EPN in group A and standard fluid therapy in group B, after the extraction of the first sample., Results: Forty-four patients were included, 18 in group A and 26 in group B. In the first analysis all had decreased levels of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein. On the 5th day, 55,6% of group A normalized prealbumin levels compared to 11,5% of B (p: 0.003, EF = 80%) whereas retinol-binding protein was normalized in 66,7% and 34.6%, respectively (p: 0,07, EF = 48,4%). Three patients in group A (16,7%) had postoperative infectious complications compared to 8 in B (30,8%), difference no statistically significant but clinically relevant (NNT=7,1), since the latter showed low prealbumin levels and longer hospital stay. No complications related to EPN were detected., Conclusion: Administration of EPN in the complex postoperative patients appears to be safe and beneficial for their recovery, being the prealbumin an early indicator of good nutritional response.

Injuries caused by accidents or violent situations in pediatric patients are a serious social problem where prevention plays a key role. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological situation of pediatric injuries in Spain. A prospective study of pediatric patients receiving care in the Emergency Service of the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra due to for reasons of accidental injury was conducted. The study covered a period of 1 year and assessed a total of 16 variables. There were a total of 8,876 patients, of whom 56.4% were males. Traumatic injuries such as fractures and craniocerebral trauma were identified as the most frequent injuries, occurring as a result of injuries mainly in the home. In females, there was a decrease in the incidence of injuries related to age. There was a greater incidence at the end of the day, during the weekend, and in the months of March to October. The epidemiological profile of pediatric patients who met with accidents in Navarra, Spain, is described. The knowledge of the main areas and factors related to injuries allows us to improve preventive measures, which would contribute to better control in this region of Spain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between nut consumption and all-cause mortality after 5-y follow-up in a Spanish cohort., Methods: The SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Follow-up) project is a prospective cohort study, formed by Spanish university graduates. Information is gathered by mailed questionnaires collected biennially. In all, 17 184 participants were followed for up to 5 y. Baseline nut consumption was collected by self-reported data, using a validated 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Information on mortality was collected by permanent contact with the SUN participants and their families, postal authorities, and the National Death Index. The association between baseline nut consumption and all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models to adjust for potential confounding. Baseline nut consumption was categorized in two ways. In a first analysis energy-adjusted quintiles of nut consumption (measured in g/d) were used. To adjust for total energy intake the residuals method was used. In a second analysis, participants were categorized into four groups according to pre-established categories of nut consumption (servings/d or servings/wk). Both analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors., Results: Participants who consumed nuts ≥2/wk had a 56% lower risk for all-cause mortality than those who never or almost never consumed nuts (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence intervals, 0.23-0.86)., Conclusion: Nut consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk for all-cause mortality after the first 5 y of follow-up in the SUN project., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, previously known as Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, is a clinical-radiological condition characterized by headache, altered mental functioning, seizures and visual alterations, with the magnetic resonance imaging showing cerebral edema, predominantly in the white matter with posterior distribution. Multiple clinical conditions can act as triggers. We present five oncology patients, four of them with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, receiving chemotherapy when they presented with this pathology. A prompt diagnosis, an appropriate therapy for hypertension, and a rapid control of the seizures are the keys to avoiding sequelae., (Copyright © 2013 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Serrated polyposis (SP) is an infrequent colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition syndrome. An unidentified genetic defect is believed to play a role in this condition. The risk of SP and/or CRC for first-degree relatives (FDRs) is not yet well known. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of both SP and/or CRC by studying the FDRs of our index SP cases and to propose an appropriate interval for colonoscopy surveillance in this group., Methods: From 2005 to December 2011, we prospectively included all patients from our hospital who fulfilled the SP diagnostic criteria. We interviewed FDRs face to face and offered a colonoscopy to those who were 35 years old or older. The study was carried out with conventional and high-definition colonoscopes and chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine at the discretion of a single endoscopist. The samples were assessed by two pathologists. We reviewed the clinical data for CRC diagnosed previously in FDRs., Results: From 2005, we collected all the new cases of SP and offered a colonoscopy to 95 FDRs of 34 pedigrees. We performed colonoscopies on 78 FDRs (82.1%). The incidence of SP in the FDRs was 32% (25 patients). Seventy-six percent of patients were diagnosed with SP as they had any number of serrated polyps proximal to the sigmoid colon. Only one patient was diagnosed with CRC as a result of the screening colonoscopy. 44.1% of our index cases had an FDR with a diagnosis of CRC., Conclusion: Our series, which is the largest prospective cohort of FDRs published, reports an elevated incidence of SP in FDRs, thus supporting the need for screening colonoscopy in FDR and its inclusion in the guidelines.

Introduction: exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with an increased risk of developing tumors. Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) usually require multiple imaging tests using this type of radiation., Objectives: the objectives of this study were to estimate the total dose of ionizing radiation received by patients with Crohn's disease during their course and to identify the factors associated with higher radiation doses., Methods: two hundred thirty-five CD patients diagnosed between 1972 and 2010 were included. The effective dose (ED) received by each patient was calculated retrospectively based on the number of gastrointestinal transit studies and computed tomography scans performed. Considering recent epidemiological studies, an ED greater than or equal to 50 mSv was used as the cut-off point for increased risk of developing cancer., Results: the mean ED received per patient was 33.4 mSv (95% CI 29.3-37.5). A total of 49 (20.8%) patients received an ED ≥ 50 mSv. The following factors were identified as independent predictors associated with an ED ≥ 50 mSv: Age older than 40 years, need for surgery, age under 16 years at diagnosis and disease duration over 8 years., Conclusions: a substantial proportion of patients with Crohn's disease receive high doses of potentially carcinogenic ionizing radiation. Identification of the most susceptible patients to receive high doses of radiation, monitoring of effective doses received and the use of imaging techniques that do not require ionizing radiation (MR enterography, abdominal ultrasound) could contribute in reducing patients' exposure to potentially carcinogenic ionizing radiation.

Purpose: Primary pyomyositis in immunocompetent children in non-tropical regions (countries with temperate climates) is very uncommon. It is rarely found in the intrapelvic muscles, and even more rarely in the obturator muscles. We try to draw attention to the potential occurrence in these conditions., Methods: Five new cases of primary obturator-muscle pyomyositis in immunocompetent children aged between 6 and 11 years in a temperate climate are presented. They present with symptoms as follows: fever, pain (thigh, abdominal, inguinal, and/or hip pain), and limp. Three of them had no hip movement limitation. All of them had tenderness in the perineum zone., Results: Laboratory tests may reveal high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) counts, but depend on the length of diagnostic delay. The evolution time oscillated from 1 to 5 days. Fever and limp disappearance depends on the evolution time previous to the onset of the antibiotics administration. In 4 out of 5 patients, Staphylococcus aureus was present in the blood cultures. In all cases of obturator-muscle pyomyositis, diagnosis was confirmed using computed tomography (CT) scan (one) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (four)., Conclusions: Obturator-muscle pyomyositis is aimed at emphasizing the diagnostic difficulties associated with the condition, due to its deep location and to the fact that the disease presents with multiple manifestations that may initially cause confusion, since they mimic other conditions occurring in the abdomen, hip (septic arthritis, osteomyelitis), spine, etc. The diagnosis is only confirmed using CT scan and/or MRI. In the five patients with antibiotics treatment, the condition resolves without sequelae, even at long-term follow-up.

Introduction: We present a retrospective study of our paediatric patients affected by pilonidal disease over the last 5 years., Patients and Method: In all cases a broad excision of the pilonidal tissue was made, without colour signing the different incision sites and primary closure of the defect with no drainage., Results: Using this technique we treated 20 adolescents (15 girls and 5 boys) of ages between 12 and 15 years (average age 13.3 years) and body mass index between 17 and 33 (mean BMI 26.4 kg/m2). Mean hospitalisation time was 1.45 days. Preoperative antibiotherapy with Amoxicillin-clavulanic was administered to 55% of patients and continued over the first postoperative week. We had four cases with recurrence of the disease (25%) (two of these with two recurrences), which we treated with three primary closures on the midline and three by flattening the cleft. In 2 cases with dehiscence of the wound we allowed treatment by secondary intention. No flaps or marsupialisation were attempted in any case. In all cases the result was aesthetically satisfactory, with maintenance of the intergluteal fold., Conclusions: In our series we have succeeded in undertaking primary closure of the defect after pilonidal resection without any excessive tension. This treatment enables a rapid return to a normal routine. We considered it important to undertake surgery that maintained the intergluteal fold, especially in patients with a short-term evolution of the disease, reserving flattening the cleft, closure by secondary intention, or primary closure by inserting flaps only for cases of recurrent disease; those with long-term evolution; or patients with complex lesions prior to surgery. Nutritional support to reduce overweight is very important in many patients.