Search

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a leading ocular imaging modality, known for delivering high-resolution volumetric morphological images. However, conventional OCT systems are limited by their narrow field-of-view (FOV) and their reliance on scattering contrast, lacking molecular specificity. Methods: To address these limitations, we developed a custom-built 105∘ ultra-widefield polarization-diversity OCT (UWF PD-OCT) system for assessing various retinal and choroidal conditions, which is particularly advantageous for visualizing peripheral retinal abnormalities. Patients with peripheral lesions or pigmentary changes were imaged using the UWF PD-OCT to evaluate the system's diagnostic capabilities. Comparisons were made with conventional swept-source OCT and other standard clinical imaging modalities to highlight the benefits of depolarization contrast for identifying pathological changes. Results: The molecular-specific contrast offered by UWF PD-OCT enhanced the detection of disease-specific features, particularly in the peripheral retina, by capturing melanin distribution and pigmentary changes in a single shot. This detailed visualization allows clinicians to monitor disease progression with greater precision, offering more accurate insights into retinal and choroidal pathologies. Conclusions: Integrating UWF PD-OCT into clinical practice represents a major advancement in ocular imaging, enabling comprehensive views of retinal pathologies that are difficult to capture with current modalities. This technology holds great potential to transform the diagnosis and management of retinal and choroidal diseases by providing unique insights into peripheral retinal abnormalities and melanin-specific changes, critical for early detection and timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy with a unique finding on adaptive optics optical coherence tomography of Zone 1, an area previously described as normal. Three patterns of cone mosaic reflectivity were identified: evenly distributed round hyperreflectivity, uneven and disrupted hyperreflectivity, and areas of hyporeflectivity or no reflectivity. Purpose: To report a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy in which adaptive optics (AO) facilitated visualization of abnormal photoreceptors previously thought to be in an area of normal retina on conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Case report. Results: A 51-year-old woman presents with 11-month history of photopsias and scotoma in the temporal visual field of her left eye. Ocular imaging including fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence and OCT suggested the diagnosis of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy in the left eye. Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) revealed photoreceptor abnormalities not previously identified in conventional OCT, in areas apparently normal on multimodal imaging. On enface and cross-sectional AO-OCT, round and evenly spaced hyperreflectivity corresponding to normal cone mosaic (Pattern 1) was adjacent to unevenly and disrupted cone hyperreflectivity (Pattern 2) and areas with hyporeflectivity or no cone reflectivity (Pattern 3). Cross-sectional AO-OCT of Patterns 2 and 3 also revealed attenuation of ellipsoid zone with loss of interdigitation zone. Conclusion: Adaptive optics OCT documented cone photoreceptors in finer details than conventional OCT and revealed early changes in a patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, in an area of the retina thought to be normal on conventional multimodal imaging. These findings may provide important insight into pathogenesis and progression of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Bilateral macular hemorrhage is a rare ocular finding and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such hemorrhages as a presentation of drug-induced anemia. Case presentation We describe the case of a 14-year-old Caucasian boy who presented with a toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis and was treated with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. Three months later, he presented with a bilateral macular hemorrhage as a complication of a toxic induced anemia. Conclusion Our patient presented with toxic anemia secondary to the treatment of a very common disease, ocular toxoplasmosis. Prophylactic use of folinic acid could prevent such complications but in many cases, it is not prescribed owing to its cost or is mistakenly substituted with folic acid, which does not present as a valid substitute.