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EFFORTS TO IMPROVE EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER IN CIJULANG 1 VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, PANGANDARAN REGENCY. The high mortality rate of breast cancer (BC) patients in Indonesia is associated with conditions of most patients come to doctor in an advanced stage of BC. This is due to the low BC awareness of Indonesian women. This community service program (PPM) is intended to increase knowledge of adolescent women about early detection of BC. This action was conducted by BC awareness workshop to 114 female students of Vocational High School (SMK) 1 Cijulang, Pangandaran district, West Java. The profile of participants showed that 64% of participants are 17 years old and mostly from Cijulang and Cimerak sub-districts. In addition, the majority of participants were not aware of BC, indicated by lack of knowledge of BC signs and symptoms (97%), and low confident of doing breast self-examination (BSE) (30%). Moreover, there were 7% of the participants were smoking which is known to be one of the major risk factors for BC. These findings point out conducting a program for increasing BC awareness among students. The program was managed by mini-lecture that focuses on BC risk factors, BC early detection and BSE (SADARI) using videos and simulation on a mannequin. This program was expected to have an impact on their families, indirectly. Ultimately, this will increase the finding of new cases of BC which will increase their life expectancy.

Summary 1. Availability of suitable habitat is a prerequisite for species reintroduction success, and to ensure population persistence, investigations of a species' habitat utilisation throughout its life history should be conducted as part of a feasibility study. 2. Habitat utilisation models for burbot, Lota lota, developed using data from field studies conducted in France and Germany and information from the literature were used to assess the feasibility of reintroducing burbot into rivers of its former native range in eastern England. 3. Per cent tree roots, aquatic vegetation and flow types were important predictors of adult burbot abundance. Furthermore, the habitat utilisation models were supplemented with information from the literature, which suggested that off-channel habitat such as wetlands and backwaters is important for spawning and nursery stages. 4. An assessment of the habitat availability in the rivers of the burbot's former native range using variables related to spawning and nursery and adult life stages showed that although adult habitat was widely distributed, the availability of spawning and nursery habitat was less abundant, potentially limiting successful reestablishment. 5. Potential suitable habitat was concentrated in the central and southern areas of the species' former English distribution. Overall, rivers of the burbot's former range potentially afford suitable habitat to sustain a reintroduced population. However, sites should be preferentially selected on the basis of having appropriate spawning and nursery areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the importance of river habitat survey in environmental monitoring and catchment planning in Great Britain. Analysis of channel modification; Assessment of the geomorphological processes; Formulation of conservation and rehabilitation strategies.

The Environment Agency has compiled a comprehensive database of the physical structure of British rivers using the River Habitat Survey (RHS) methodology. A series of models was developed to ascertain whether RHS could be used to predict the environmental requirements of riverine species. Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet) was chosen forthe model, as it is an endangered species throughout Europe. In Britain, many populations have been eradicated or severely depleted by the crayfish plague (an introduced fungal disease), pollution, competition from non-native species and loss of habitat. A series of models was developed to predict crayfish occurrence according to habitat features recorded on the Environment Agency RHS database, and also from map-derived information. Sites surveyed for crayfish were matched to existing RHS sites. Incidental sightings during Agency routine biological or fisheries monitoring were also included. Logistic regressions on RHS variables yielded two models which showed suitable fit of the data, and high success rates when tested on an independent sample of sites. The first model mainly comprised variables on channel vegetation and on bank and channel structure. Further analyses without channel vegetation yielded a second model with variables more closely related to crayfish habitat. The variables identified as having a positiveimpact on crayfish presence were overhanging boughs, the presence ofboulders, the amount of tree shading and the number of riffles. The variables with a negative impact were exposed tree roots, eroding cliffs, the amount of poached or reinforced banks, gravel/pebble/sand banks and cobble substrate. A discriminant analysis on crayfish presence/absence according to altitude, slope and distance from source transformed for normality, showed that crayfish could be predicted from map-derived information. Results were discussed and consideration was given to the wider applicability and potential uses of the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field survey of stream and river habitats at a sample of sites wasundertaken in the Scottish Dee catchment in 1995 based on the River Habitat Survey (RHS) method, as part of a partnership catchment management project. The selection of survey sites was based on a stratified random sample according to categories of geology, slope, altitude and stream flow. Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis was used to define the strata and facilitate suitable allocation of sampleswithin strata. Survey results were integrated with a desktop-PC version of a decision-support GIS allowing rapid query and display of results. Summary survey statistics were compared with those from the RHSreference site database in order to illustrate how Deeside stream features can be placed in a wider geographical context. Two recorded survey variables were analysed in detail with respect to the GIS data: 87% of the variance of log(stream width) was predictable from GIS-derived variables, but only 17% of the variance of the proportion of gravel/pebble stream-bed substrate (%GP). Stream width can therefore be reliably estimated at unsurveyed sites in Deeside, whereas %GP cannot, from the data used in this study. Variable analyses are discussed in relation to other studies. The usefulness of GIS in survey stratification, variable analyses, display of results, and incorporation of results in management tools is evaluated. The need for a completed RHSreference site database in order to exploit the full potential of the system for catchment studies is also recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The derivation of the field survey method underpinning River HabitatSurvey (RHS) is presented. The paper covers the development of the method from output requirements through to delivery of the system. Major requirements for the field survey were to provide a rapid, single-visit method to provide an accurate representation of the habitats ofa standard survey length. Repeatability and simplicity were major requirements for data collection. This paper presents results which indicate that a high level of consistency can be achieved for RHS. A primary consideration in developing the method was to ensure that those who applied it were confident that the data collected provided a reasonable representation of the survey reach. Results from studies linked to extensive field testing are reported, including a basic description of the survey method. Decisions taken during development of RHS included removing some attributes through lack of repeatability and concise definition. The background to problems of survey delivery are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small, 1st and 2nd-order, headwater streams and ponds play essential roles in providing natural flood control, trapping sediments and contaminants, retaining nutrients, and maintaining biological diversity, which extend into downstream reaches, lakes and estuaries. However, the large geographic extent and high connectivity of these small water bodies with the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem makes them particularly vulnerable to growing land-use pressures and environmental change. The greatest pressure on the physical processes in these waters has been their extension and modification for agricultural and forestry drainage, resulting in highly modified discharge and temperature regimes that have implications for flood and drought control further downstream. The extensive length of the small stream network exposes rivers to a wide range of inputs, including nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, sediment and emerging contaminants. Small water bodies have also been affected by invasions of non-native species, which along with the physical and chemical pressures, have affected most groups of organisms with consequent implications for the wider biodiversity within the catchment. Reducing the impacts and restoring the natural ecosystem function of these water bodies requires a three-tiered approach based on: restoration of channel hydromorphological dynamics; restoration and management of the riparian zone; and management of activities in the wider catchment that have both point-source and diffuse impacts. Such activities are expensive and so emphasis must be placed on integrated programmes that provide multiple benefits. Practical options need to be promoted through legislative regulation, financial incentives, markets for resource services and voluntary codes and actions., (Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)