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Composting is an environmentally friendly process, turning animal waste into fertilizer. Chicken litter compost (CLC) improves soil properties, increasing crop yields. However, the CLC effect on the soil microbiome is understudied. This study aimed to compare bacteriobiome diversity in fallow arable Chernozem with and without CLC addition in a field experiment in the Novosibirsk region, Russia, using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Acidobacteriota were the most OTU-rich phyla, together accounting for >50% of the total number of sequence reads. CLC-related shifts in the bacteriobiome structure occurred at all taxonomic levels: the Bacillota abundance was 10-fold increased due to increased Bacilli, both being indicator taxa for the CLC-soil. The main Actinomycetota classes were the indicators for the CLC-soil (Actinobacteria) and no-CLC soil (Thermoleophilia, represented Gaiella). Both Bacillota and Actinomycetota phyla were the ultimate constituents of the CLC added, persisting in the soil for five months of fallowing. The no-CLC soil indicator phyla were Acidobacteriota (represented by Acidobacteria_Group3) and Verrucomicrobiota. Future metabarcoding studies of chicken litter application in agricultural soils, including cropped studies, should address the soil microbiome at the species/strain levels in more detail, as well as how it is affected by specific crops, preferably accompanied by a direct methodology revealing the microbiota functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash dumps of thermal power stations have been increasing in area worldwide due to the growing demand for power. One of the cost-effective approaches for restoring such sites is spontaneous revegetation in those areas where adjacent indigenous ecosystems can supply seeds and living organisms. We assessed microbiome taxonomic diversity in a Technosol developed during nine years of spontaneous revegetation of the terminated fly ash pond of a thermal power station in Novosibirsk, Russia, in comparison with microbiome diversity in undisturbed Phaeozem under adjacent birch forest by using 16S (V3-V4) and 1TS2 (ITS3-ITS4) amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. We identified 577 fungal and 5542 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs); 95-99% of them were minor or rare species. The dominant OTUs were completely different in the studied soils. At the phylum level, the ultimate dominants were Ascomycota (84%) in the Technosol and Basidiomycota (89%) in the Phaeozem. Three phyla (Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria), together comprising more than a half of the bacteriobiome, prevailed in both soils; however, at the OTU level, soil-related differences were found for 31% of the OTUs. The Technosol bacteriobiome was less structured and more diverse compared to the mycobiome, displaying the same phylum-level structure and OTU-based a-biodiversity as in the adjacent mature soil. Our finding that few fungal and bacterial OTUs dominated in the soil microbiome, the majority being minor or rare members, implies that key ecosystem processes performed by soil microorganisms rely on a very limited taxonomic diversity, both in young and mature soils. Keywords: ITS DNA diversity, 16S rRNA gene diversity, Technosol, thermoelectric power station., Introduction Despite emerging innovative technologies, the areas occupied by the fly ash dumps of thermal power plants have been increasing worldwide and are projected to increase further due to the [...]

The composition and structure of rhizosphere bacteriobiome of the husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) plants grown on Phaeozem in the open field in West Siberia, Russia (55°15’ NL, 83°31’ EL) were studied using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes. In total 5898 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were found in the study, representing 20 phyla and 53 identified and 15 non-identified (below the phylum level) classes. The most OTU-rich phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, their relative abundance in the total number of sequence reads being 26, 22 and 19%, respectively. Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia phyla each accounted for 2 ‒ 4%. The rest 14 of the identified phyla were quite negligible, contributing less than 0.5% each. At the OTUs level, the structure was very even and equitable, as only 7 OTUs had relative abundance ranging from 0.5 to 1.1%. The main dominant OTU represented Bradyrhizobiaceae family, implying the importance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria for plant growth and development without any mineral fertilisation. The dominance biodiversity index was very low (0.001), while Shannon index was rather high (7.5). We believe the presented husk tomato rhizosphere bacteriobiome, as the first study using new generation sequencing platform for this species, will help get a better picture of Solanaceae microbiomes in different environments, thus contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of shaping microbial communities by plant roots.

The nucleus of mammalian cells displays a distinct spatial segregation of active euchromatic and inactive heterochromatic regions of the genome.sup.1,2. In conventional nuclei, microscopy shows that euchromatin is localized in the nuclear interior and heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery.sup.1,2. Genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analyses show this segregation as a plaid pattern of contact enrichment within euchromatin and heterochromatin compartments.sup.3, and depletion between them. Many mechanisms for the formation of compartments have been proposed, such as attraction of heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina.sup.2,4, preferential attraction of similar chromatin to each other.sup.1,4-12, higher levels of chromatin mobility in active chromatin.sup.13-15 and transcription-related clustering of euchromatin.sup.16,17. However, these hypotheses have remained inconclusive, owing to the difficulty of disentangling intra-chromatin and chromatin-lamina interactions in conventional nuclei.sup.18. The marked reorganization of interphase chromosomes in the inverted nuclei of rods in nocturnal mammals.sup.19,20 provides an opportunity to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie spatial compartmentalization. Here we combine Hi-C analysis of inverted rod nuclei with microscopy and polymer simulations. We find that attractions between heterochromatic regions are crucial for establishing both compartmentalization and the concentric shells of pericentromeric heterochromatin, facultative heterochromatin and euchromatin in the inverted nucleus. When interactions between heterochromatin and the lamina are added, the same model recreates the conventional nuclear organization. In addition, our models allow us to rule out mechanisms of compartmentalization that involve strong euchromatin interactions. Together, our experiments and modelling suggest that attractions between heterochromatic regions are essential for the phase separation of the active and inactive genome in inverted and conventional nuclei, whereas interactions of the chromatin with the lamina are necessary to build the conventional architecture from these segregated phases. Attractions between heterochromatic regions are essential for phase separation of the active and inactive genome in inverted and conventional nuclei, whereas chromatin-lamina interactions are necessary to build the conventional genomic architecture from these segregated phases., Author(s): Martin Falk [sup.1] , Yana Feodorova [sup.2] [sup.3] , Natalia Naumova [sup.4] [sup.5] , Maxim Imakaev [sup.1] , Bryan R. Lajoie [sup.4] [sup.6] , Heinrich Leonhardt [sup.3] , Boris [...]

Potato cultivars have different strategies for dealing with potassium (K) deficiency in soil, and their response to different forms and rates of K fertilisation may vary because of differences in soil K availability. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of K fertilisation rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg K/ha) on tuber yield and quality (dry matter, starch, sugar and ascorbic acid content, taste) of two potato cultivars (Roco and Rosara) grown in the microplot field experiment on Luvisol in the forest-steppe zone in southern West Siberia, Russia (NL 54.422106, EL 83.160257). The tuber yield of both potato cultivars increased with increase in K application rate up to 2.1 and 2.9 kg/m2 for Roco and Rosara, respectively. Sugar content, averaging 3.5%, was mostly determined by cultivar; however, in both cultivars it tended to decrease with increasing K application rate. The application of K fertiliser in the form of sulphate as compared to chloride increased dry matter content from 22.4 to 23.8% and ascorbic acid content from 13.2 to 14.6 mg/100 g fresh mass. Starch content of potato tubers averaged 59.7 ± 4.8% over all K fertilisation variants, with cultivar responses being different. Potassium application rate did not affect Roco tubers’ taste, while improving Rosara tubers’ taste under moderate application rates. The results underscore the importance to adjust fertiliser recommendations concerning potassium application rates and source on the basis of biological requirements and intended utilization of individual potato cultivars

The research shares the experience of the Vladimir branch of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation in applying the andragogical principles in distance learning and teaching a professional foreign language for part-time and night school students. The research is aimed at considering the specific social and psychological features with a different nature of goal-setting, learning process and its outcomes in the adult student environment which are likely to cause the barriers, as well as the ways to reduce them during the pandemic of COVID-19 and an overall switch to distance learning. The subject matter is focused on the specific obstacles which prevent adult students from successful building of language skills. The research methods include monitoring, interviewing and content analysis. The outcomes showed that the andragogical principles of the adult students, including a student-oriented motivation, focus on personal individualization, mutual interactive activity with the teacher, immediate implementation of learning outcomes, might be available to eliminate the barriers and shift the focus to practical ways of learning and teaching a professional foreign language. The outcomes of the research have practical use in arranging online learning of part-time and night school students in the Vladimir branch of Financial University. The experience is recommended to be considered for the adult target audience to enhance their motivation for building professional foreign language skills.

Managing soil biodiversity using reduced tillage is a popular approach, yet soil bacteriobiomes in the agroecosystems of Siberia has been scarcely studied, especially as they are related to tillage. We studied bacteriobiomes in Chernozem under natural steppe vegetation and cropped for wheat using conventional or no tillage in a long-term field trial in the Novosibirsk region, Russia, by using the sequence diversity of the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA genes. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria summarily accounted for 80% of the total number of sequences, with Actinobacteria alone averaging 51%. The vegetation (natural vs. crop) and tillage (ploughed vs. no-till) affected the bacterial relative abundance at all taxonomic levels and many taxa, e.g., hundreds of OTUs. However, such changes did not translate into α-biodiversity changes, i.e., observed and potential OTUs' richness, Shannon, and Simpson, excepting the slightly higher evenness and equitability in the top 0–5 cm of the undisturbed soil. As for the β-biodiversity, substituting conventional ploughing with no tillage and maintaining the latter for 12 years notably shifted the soil bacteriobiome closer to the one in the undisturbed soil. This study, presenting the first inventory of soil bacteriobiomes under different tillage in the south of West Siberia, underscores the need to investigate the seasonality and longevity aspects of tillage, especially as they are related to crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is focused on the psychological and pedagogical teaching technologies as those having important methodological principles including not only traditional systematic, information and action-related approaches, but also psychological follow-up in teaching and learning. The complex of pedagogical and psychological approaches seems highly innovative since it provides an important synergetic effect for the present-day teaching. The article considers the notion of psychological and pedagogical follow-up, its definition and contents as seemed to be more appropriate and correct in the view of the methodology of teaching, training and learning in higher vocational institutions. The empirical sample research material includes the analysis of activities set up and carried out in the Vladimir branch of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation since 2014, and the results of the student survey focused on their satisfaction in psychological assistance. The 2014-2019 experience of the university makes it possible to implement the innovative model of the psychological and pedagogical follow-up for students of economics which centers on the patterns of intellectual and personal identity of future professionals and helps to deal with psychological issues, improve the efficiency of teaching and learning and benefit from the socio-cultural experience in different educational contexts and environments.

The initial stage of biogeocenoses development on the coal ash dump produced by the thermal power staton in Novosibirsk (55.000, 83.068), Russia, were studied after 9 years of spontaneous revegetation. Soil properties, soil cover and plant communities were examined in detail. The predominating types of embryozems and transition from open to succession plant communities were described. Soil substrate moisture content was found to determine changes in plant species composition, projective cover and abundance, altogether causing asynchronicity of soil formation in different sites.