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The natural gas industry is crucial for the carbon emission reduction, energy security, and structural transformation of China’s energy system. Therefore, the high-quality development of the industry can inject impetus for the green transformation of the economy and society, construction of a new type of energy system, technological innovation, and international cooperation. This study analyzes the basis for and major challenges faced by the high-quality development of China’s natural gas industry. Specifically, the weak links in the high-quality development of the natural gas industry is mainly manifested in the insufficient supply capacity, incomplete market mechanism, and lack of innovation capabilities regarding key technologies and equipment. In this regard, the study proposes a path for the high-quality development of China’s natural gas industry: (1) guaranteeing the safe supply of natural gas, (2) improving the market system of the natural gas industry, (3) promoting the upgrading of technologies and equipment in the natural gas industry, and (4) accelerating the green and low-carbon development of the natural gas industry. This aims to innovate the development ideas of the natural gas industry and better satisfy the requirements for realizing high-quality economic development, guaranteeing energy security, promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, and achieving balanced industrial development.

In recent years, the Chinese government has introduced a series of energy-saving, emission-reducing, and environmentally protective policies. These policies have gradually decreased the proportion of high carbon-emitting energy consumption, such as coal, in China's energy structure. The proportion of natural gas consumption as a clean energy source has been increasing year by year. In the future, with the deepening decarbonization of the energy structure, the applied scope of natural gas utilization will expand, increasing demand. Therefore, this study first evaluated the development of China's natural gas industry from the perspectives of development evolution, technological applications, and industry achievements. Secondly, based on the current situation of conventional and unconventional natural gas development, both resources and technological potential were analyzed. By taking several typical projects in the natural gas industry as examples, medium- and long-term prospects for natural gas development were planned and predicted. Building on this analysis, we employed the SWOT method to examine the development prospects of China's natural gas industry and propose development goals. Finally, based on top-level design considerations and previous research analysis, suggestions and measures were proposed for technology implementation, regional layout, industrial chain collaboration, and support policies. These recommendations aim to provide planning support and management references for the development of China's natural gas industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic mineralization of diiospropanolamin (DIPA) in aqueous solution was investigated employing modified TiO2 under visible light. Response surface methodology based central composite design (CCD) was used to explore the effect of different synthesis parameters. The analysis showed substantial impact (p

Promoting technological innovation in the natural gas industry is a feasible means of achieving energy transition. Guided by the geographic innovation theory, this article carries out research on the scale, technical fields, capabilities, and influencing factors of technological innovation in the natural gas industry of 312 Chinese prefecture-level cities, making use of the cusp catastrophe model, the center of gravity and standard deviational ellipse, exploratory spatial data analysis, and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). The research shows the following: (1) Technological innovation in China's natural gas industry has continuously expanded in terms of scale, with the number of participating cities increasing, showing a spatially uneven pattern of local agglomeration and national diffusion. (2) There have been significant innovation achievements in natural gas equipment and engineering, but natural gas utilization is lagging in comparison, with drilling, new materials, environmental protection, pipe network engineering, and digital services becoming frontier fields, and collaborative innovation with the thermoelectric, metalworking, automotive, and other related industries having been initially established. (3) The unevenness of technological innovation capabilities is obvious, with the core advantages of Beijing–Tianjin being continuously strengthened and Sichuan–Chongqing, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, and Liaodong Peninsula forming high-level technological innovation capability agglomerations. (4) The spatiotemporal pattern of technological innovation capability is the result of multiple factors, with northeastern cities mainly being affected by natural gas demands, northwestern cities being highly sensitive to capital strength, eastern cities mostly relying on urban development, and cities in North China mainly being bolstered by the strength of talent. (5) It is necessary to carry out further multi-agent and multi-scale future research on technological innovation in the natural gas industry and its relationship with the energy transition and to explore the interactivity of the influencing factors. This study may provide strategies for technological innovation in the natural gas industry from the perspective of the energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better promote the sustainable, effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goal, this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China. Then, the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed, and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected. Finally, domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted, and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed. And the following research results are obtained. First, under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities. Second, domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases, low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase, but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production. Third, nevertheless, in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection, China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development. According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves, it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16 × 1012–20 × 1012 m3, the peak natural gas production of 2900 × 108–3300 × 108 m3 will be reached in 2030, and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%, which indicates the sustainability of the development goal. In order to realize these development goals, five suggestions are put forward: (1) Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development, so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline; (2) Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields; (3) Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor; (4) Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources, conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks; (5) Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.

The global economy is moving into a new era characterized by digital and green development. To examine the impact of digital industrialization development on the energy supply chain, in relation to the sustainable development of China's energy security, we discuss the nonlinear impact and transmission mechanism of digital industrialization on the supply chain of the energy industry using a panel threshold regression model based on sample data on the development of the provincial natural gas industry in China from 2006 to 2020. We found that there are multiple threshold effects of digital industrialization level development on energy supply chain length, and the results are statistically significant, i.e., digital industrialization development positively contributes to natural gas supply chain length after digital industrialization is raised to or crosses the critical threshold. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity analysis results show that there are differences in the impact of digital industrialization on the energy supply chain from sub-sectors, regional development differences, and different development periods. Therefore, we provide some factual support and experience for achieving the construction goal of "Digital China" and accelerating the digital reform of the energy supply chain as well as transforming and upgrading the economic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectively recognizing and improving the sustainable development resilience of China’s natural gas industry will help achieve the low-carbon transformation goal of China’s energy system. Taking 31 Chinese provinces as the research area, this paper measures the sustainable development resilience (SDR) of China’s natural gas industry based on the Drive-Pressure-StateImpact-Response (DPSIR) model and entropy method, and integrates the gravity correction model and social network analysis methods to identify the spatial linkages and network patterns among core regions, and further explores the development trend of the SDR of China’s natural gas industry using grey model (GM(1,1)) moderated by a variable-weight buffer operator. The results show that: (1) There are significant regional differences in the SDR of the natural gas industry across Chinese provinces. The SDR is a high priority in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Guangdong and Shandong, while it is low major in Tibet, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Ningxia. (2) The spatial connection network density is low in China’s natural gas industry, and the network correlation between provinces is poor. In detail, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shandong are the core of the entire network and the connection lines between provinces are mainly basic in the whole region with poor connection strength, but there is a trend for the better. (3) The changing trend is significantly different in the SDR of Chinese provinces, and the prediction results show a trend of “polarization” in the SDR index of the provinces in the resource endowment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fiber–optic sensors have been widely deployed in various applications, and their use has gradually increased since the 1980 s. Distributed fiber–optic sensors, which enable continuous and real–time measurements along the entire length of an optical fiber cable, have undergone significant improvements in underlying industries. In the oil and gas industry, distributed fiber–optic sensors can provide significantly valuable information throughout the life cycle of a well and can monitor pipelines transporting hydrocarbons over great distances. Here, we review the deployment of fiber–optic Rayleigh–based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), Raman–based distributed temperature sensing (DTS), and Brillouin–based distributed temperature and strain sensing (DTSS) in the oil and gas industry. In particular, we describe the operation principle and basic experimental setups of the DAS, DTS, and DTSS, highlighting their applications in the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. We further developed a prototype of a fiber–optic hybrid DAS–DTS system that simultaneously measures vibration and temperature along a multimode fiber (MMF). The reported hybrid sensing system was tested in an operational oil well. This work also discusses the challenges that might hinder the growth of the distributed fiber–optic sensing market in the petroleum industry, and we further point out the future directions of related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural gas, as a clean and environment-friendly commodity, has now found its place in the energy baskets of developed countries. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting competitiveness in Iran's natural gas industry. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with gas industry executives and experts, and it was analyzed using the grounded theory. Finally, a model for explaining the factors influencing competitiveness in the Iranian natural gas industry was obtained. Institutional capacity building, commercial behavior, joining the global production chain, accessing the global financial resources, technological connection with the world and business diplomacy explain the competitiveness model. Achieving a competitive position in the field of the natural gas industry necessitates entering the global supply chain, which is dependent on the recreation of relationships, as well as changing attitudes and actions in the task and global environment.

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Subsea production systems technologies are being developed steadily to address the technological issues associated with the deep-sea environment, primarily pressure, and temperature. To ensure the reliable operation of electrical/electronic systems for at least 25 years on the seabed, a comprehensive technology qualification program is proposed in this article. In relation to this, technology readiness level of the subsea electrical/electronics assembly is achieved after conducting devised environmental stress tests compliant to the internationally recognized standards, e.g., API, ISO, IEC, and IEEE. The comprehensive tests methods of the qualification program are explained to achieve the technology readiness level 3 of the subsea printed circuit board and subassemblies. Finally, experimental test results of a standalone subsea Ethernet switch and also functional verification with 100 m of electrical flying lead undergoing the prescribed test methods show that the subsea electronics comply with the international standards and is fit for use in the subsea environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the North Gas Company (NGC) in Kirkuk, Iraq, sour gas stream is loaded with considerable amounts of H2S and CO2 of 2.95% and 2.54%, respectively. A DEA amine system is currently used to reduce these sour component concentrations below 5 ppm and 2% for H2S and CO2, respectively. This study used Bryan Research and Engineering’s ProMax® process simulation software to optimize this amine sweetening system by adopting other amine types and blends, such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). It could be argued that a 50 wt% MDEA solution circulated at 414 m3/h was determined to be the optimum operating conditions. This design met sweet gas specifications and minimized the reboiler duty to 38 MW, 30.9% reduction in steam consumption. The experimental simulation work is also examined the effects of lean solvent temperature on the gas sweetening process efficiency and performance and find out that the lean amine temperature within the range of 43–48°C in all sceneries give acceptable sweetening results.