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The effects of BaO on the radiation properties of Li2O-BaO-Bi2O3-P2O5 glasses, where x = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol%, have been studied. The glasses were synthesized by the conventional melt-quenching technique at 1000 °C for 2 hours using (NH4)2HPO4, Li2CO3, Ba2CO3 and Bi2O3 as starting materials. The visual inspections of all synthesized glasses with different concentration of BaO and Bi2O3 have a good optical transparency. The radiation parameters of the glasses have been measured experimentally and compared with those determined from theoretical calculation using WinXCom program. The results show that the mass attenuation coefficient was decreased with increasing of BaO concentration owing to the decrease of photoelectric absorption. However, Compton scattering gives the dominant contribution to the total mass attenuation coefficient for studied glass samples. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm), the effective atomic numbers (Zeff), and the effective electron densities (Ne) were decreased with the increase of BaO concentrations. The synthesized glasses were investigated and compared with the shielding concretes and glasses in terms of half value layer (HVL). The HVL value of synthesized glasses shows better than some shielding concretes with an advantage of being transparent to visible light

Optical absorption, excitation, emission spectra and lasing potential of sodium aluminium phosphate (Na2O-Al2O3-P2O5) glasses doped with Eu3+ ions were studied and discussed. These glasses were synthesized by melt-quenching technique at 1200 °C. It was found that the emission spectra of glass samples exhibited an intense red (612 nm) emission band upon excitation with 394 nm. Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ωλ=2,4,6), radiative transition probabilities (AR), peak stimulated emission cross-sections (σ(λp)) and branching ratio (β) were calculated and compared between without and with thermal corrections. The evaluated JO values indicated that, this glass perform high potential for using as red laser medium application

Er3+ ions doped sodium strontium gadolinium oxide and oxy-fluoride phosphate glass samples prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The samples were melted at 1200 °C in electric furnace with alumina crucibles. The densities of the samples were measure with the help of Archimedes principle using water as immersion liquid. The refractive index (n) was measured by Abbe refractometer with a sodium-vapour lamp as a light source and using mono-bromonaphthalene (C10H7Br) as a contact liquid. The prepared glass samples were characterized with UV-Vis-NIR absorptions and NIR photoluminescence. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra show peaks at 379, 406, 488, 521, 548, 652, 803, 977, and 1536 nm which are due to the transitions from 4 I15/2 ground state to 2H9/2, 4F3/2, 4F7/2, 4H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 exited states of Er3+ ions, respectively. In NIR emission one broad peak at 1543 nm is observed in present glass samples with 379 nm excitation. From NIR emission it is observed that the FFEr glass give better emission intensity than the GEr and FEr. McCumber theory was used to evaluate stimulated emission cross-section of 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ion using the absorption spectral measurements. Thus, these results show that present glasses have the potential for use in efficient short and conventional-length optical amplifiers and tuneable lasers

The Dy2O3 doped phosphate glasses of chemical composition 10ZnO · 10BaO · 10Gd2O3 · 70P2O5, 10ZnO · 10BaO · 10Gd2O3 · 69P2O5 · 1Dy2O3 and 10ZnO · 10BaO · 10GdF3 · 69P2O5 · 1Dy2O3 were prepared by melt quench technique. The prepared glass samples were characterized through physical and luminescence properties such as density, molar volume, refractive index, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra, photoluminescence excitation and emissions, radio-luminescence and life time. The J–O theory were analyzed to calculate the radiative properties such as radiative transition probabilities (AR), stimulated emission cross section (σR) and branching ratio (βR). Total nine characteristics absorption peaks belong to Dy3+ ion at the 347, 386, 454, 750, 800, 896, 1089 and1674 nm respectively corresponding to transition from ground state 6H15/2 to excited state 4M15/2+4I15/2, 4F7/2+4I13/2, 4I15/2, 6F3/2, 6F5/2, 6F7/2, 6F9/2 and 6H11/2 are observed in absorption spectra in the 300–1900 nm region. The photoluminescence and radio-luminescence emission spectra of the present glasses were recorded and found in good agreement with one another. The CIE 1931 chromaticity color coordinates were evaluated and it is found that these coordinates positioned in the white region with (x, y) = (0.39, 0.44) values for both oxide and oxyfluoride glasses. The florescence decay time from 4F9/2 level was measured by monitoring the intense 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 (573 nm) transition. The decay time is found to be non-exponential so the non-exponential curve was well fitted to Inokuti–Hirayama (IH) model for S = 6. The results obtained in present work demonstrate that the present glasses could be a good choice for use in white light solid state lighting applications.

The La2O3 added in (80-x) B2O3:10SiO2:10 CaO:xLa2O3 glass (where x = 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol%) were prepared by melt-quenching technique have been investigated for x-ray shielding, physical and optical properties. The density of the glass samples found to increase which increasing La2O3 concentrations. The transmission spectra result demonstrated that the glass samples had high transparency similar with commercial window, corresponding to high visibility in the visible region as already observed. The mass attenuation coefficient (µm) were increased with the decreasing of kilovoltage peak (kVp) of an x-ray instrument, and increased with the increasing of La2O3 concentration. The half value layer (HVL) and ten value layer (TVL) of glass samples trend to decrease when the kVp of an x-ray instrument decrease and La2O3 concentrations increase. The trend of lead equivalent increase which Ln2O3 concentrations and the kVp of an x-ray instrument increasing. All results indicating the potential of the prepared glasses as Pb-free and high visibility for diagnostic x-ray shielding material.

The research work emphasizes on physical and luminescence properties of oxide and oxyfluoride phosphate glasses and discusses the energy transfer between Gd3+ and Sm3+ ions. Lithium gadolinium oxide and oxy-fluoride phosphate glasses doped with Sm3+ ions were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. Subsequently the physical and luminescence properties were investigated systematically to understand their behavior. The density of the prepared glass samples show high in oxide glasses as compared to oxy-fluoride glasses, and the density of both glass samples increase with increase in the Sm2O3 concentrations. In total, ten signature Sm3+ ion peaks were observed in the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra. In photoluminescence spectra the oxy-fluoride glass samples show higher excitation and emissions intensity than oxide glasses. The emission intensity increases up to 1mol% concentration of Sm3+ ions and then decreases due to non-radiative energy transfers. The same is observed in case of radioluminescence emission spectra. The calculated J-O intensity parameters show Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 trend. From Judd-Ofelt analysis, these glasses exhibit high potential for using as laser host medium. The life time recorded at the excitation and emission wavelength 401 nm and 598 nm respectively and it is observed that the life time decreases with increase in the Sm3+ ions concentration. The CIE coordinates positioned in the orange region of CIE diagram. The properties evaluated in the present work indicate that these glasses can be a good candidate of orange LEDs applications.

The physical and luminescent properties of Sm3+-doped oxide and oxy-fluoride phosphate glasses were investigated. The glass samples with chemical composition of 69P2O5-10BaO-10ZnO-10Gd2O3-1Sm2O3 and 69P2O5-10BaO-10ZnO-10GdF3-1Sm2O3 were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The prepared glass samples were characterized with density, molar volume, refractive index, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR, photoluminescence, radio luminescence, decay time profile and CIE diagram. The density and refractive index of the oxide glass have higher values as compared to the oxy-fluoride glass. The FTIR spectra show the reduction of O-H group in oxy-fluoride glass. The characteristic peaks of Sm3+ are observed at 360, 372, 402, 438, 419, 473, 944, 1077, 1227, 1373, 1474, 1529 and 1585 nm in UV-VIS-NIR spectra. These peaks are related respectively to the transitions from ground state 6H5/2 to 4D3/2, 6P7/2, 6P3/2, 4I11/2, 6F11/2, 6F9/2, 6F7/2, 6F5/2, 6F3/2, 6H15/2 and 6F1/2 excited states. From photoluminescence and radio-luminescence it is observed that the oxy-fluoride glass samples show better emission intensity than the oxide glass. The Judd-Ofelt theory (J-O theory) was used to find J-O intensity Ωλ (λ = 2,4 and 6) parameters and radiative properties such as transition probability, stimulated emission cross section and branching ratios for titled glasses. The trend observed in the J-O parameters is Ω4 >Ω2 >Ω6. The transition probability, emission cross section and branching ratio have the highest values for the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition. The CIE coordinates of the prepared glass samples are positioned in the orange region and the CCT value is 3776.105 for oxide and oxyfluoride glass. The oxy-fluoride glass has shorter decay time as compared to the oxide glass and it is recorded to be 1.62 and 1.32 ms for oxide and oxy-fluoride respectively. According to the results obtained in this work, it is obvious that these glass samples can be good candidate materials for producing cool orange light.

Phosphate glasses with chemical compositions (mol %) of (66-x) P2O5-17Li2O-17Gd2O3-xEu2O3 and (66-x) P2O5-17Li2O-17GdF3-xEu2O3 (where x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0) were prepared with conventional melt quenching technique. The physical and luminescence properties of prepared glass samples were investigated systematically. The density and refractive index increase with increasing concentration of Eu2O3. The characteristic intense red emission at 612 nm corresponding to the transition (5D0 →7F2) of Eu3+ ions has been observed for both oxide and oxy-fluoride glass samples. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory is used to evaluate the properties such as oscillator strengths, J-O intensity parameters, radiative transition probabilities, stimulated emission cross section and branching ratios for present glasses. The J-O intensity parameters follow Ω4> Ω2> Ω6 trend. The oxyfluoride glasses show longer decay time as compared to oxide glasses. Hence from the properties it is concluded that, the present glass samples can be a good candidate for red light emitting source in solid state lighting applications.

Lithium gadolinium phosphate glass doped with Neodymium oxide was prepared by conventional melt quenching technique with chemical composition of 17Li2O3:17Gd2O3 :(66-x) P2O5:xNd2O3 where x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0mol%. The physical and luminescent properties of the prepared glass are systematically analyzed for solid stat lighting applications. The density, molar volume and refractive index measured for the prepared glass samples. The density and refractive index show the increasing trend with incrassating concentration of Nd3+ ions while molar volume decrease with increasing concentration of Nd3+ ions. The absorption spectra are analyzed under the Uv-Vis NIR region. The emission spectra for our glass is also recorded which show three dominant peaks at 904, 1063 and 1330nm which correspond to the 4I9/2, 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 transitions respectively. Judd-Ofelt theory had been used to obtain the J-O parameters (Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6), oscillator strength, radiative transition probability, stimulated emission cross-section and branching ratio. The J-O parameters show Ω4 > Ω6 > Ω2 trend which are in agreement with other studies.

Trivalent europium doped aluminium phosphate glasses with different alkali oxides (Li2O, Na2O and K2O) have been prepared by melt quenching technique at 1200 °C. Photoluminescence properties of the obtained glasses have been studied and characterized. Also, Absorption and radiative properties of glasses are evaluated using the Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory. The emission spectra of all glasses remain the characteristic emission peak of Eu3+ with a dominant peak at 612 nm, corresponding to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition by monitoring an excitation wavelength at 393 nm. In the present glass system it was found that lithium oxide has higher intensity of emission spectra than sodium oxide and potassium oxide. The JO intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) and subsequent radiative properties for the 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 1,2,3,4) transitions are determined. These glasses have potential candidate in the development as red laser source applications.

Erbium (Er) doped P2O5-K2O3-Al2O3:Er2O3 glasses (KPEr) with different contents of Er3+ ions were fabricated by famous melt-quenching technique. The fabricated samples were characterized by using physical, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence, absorption, and J-O analysis techniques. The XRF analyses were performed in order to know the change in elemental composition of fabricated glasses, while using the various concentrations of Er3+ ions. Three emission peaks were observed, two peaks in visible regions of 526 nm (2H11/2→4I15/2) and 550 nm (4S3/2→4I15/2) and one peak in near infrared (NIR) region of 1545 nm (4I13/2→4I15/2). Nine peaks were observed in absorption spectra in the range of 390–1800 nm. The trend of JO parameters for the present KPEr6 glass sample is Ω2> Ω4> Ω6. Higher values of stimulated emission cross-section σemi(λ), full wave half maxima FWHM and (FWHM x σemi (λ)), for KPEr6 indicate that the present glass has potential candidate to be used for broadband amplification in telecommunication. The McCumber theory is used to study absorption and emission cross-section for 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition. The luminescence colors of these samples were almost entirely fall in the yellow-green (Y-G) region (x = 0.33, y = 0.64) in the CIE 1931 diagram. The calculated CCT values for our prepared glasses were found to be 5554 K. The present study suggest that KPEr glass samples have potential candidate for broadband amplification in telecommunication, green LED and display devices.

The Ce3+ doped sodium-gadolinium-aluminum-phosphate glasses, with 20Na2O− 10Gd2O3 − 10Al2O3 − (60-x)P2O5 − xCeF3 (where x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.50, 1.50, 2.00 and 3.00 mol%) composition, have been measured and analyzed. The prepared glasses were studied various properties such as physical, optical, luminescence and scintillation. The densities of glasses were found to increase with the concentration of CeF3 while molar volumes decreased. The value of absorption edge is shifted from 313 nm of host glass to longer wavelength with CeF3 doping. The indirect and direct band gap decreased with increasing CeF3 content which corresponded to the molar volume reduction representing the enhancement of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) number in glass network. Photoluminescence spectra showed the strong emission bands centered between 325 and 347 nm under Ce3+ directly excitation and Gd3+ excitation. The optimum concentrations of CeF3 concentration in this glass is 2.00 mol% as it resulted the maximum emission intensity. The strongest emission band of x-ray induced optical luminescence is around 375 nm. The integrated scintillation efficiency of 2.0 mol% CeF3 doped glass was 9.6% compared with bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) crystal. The most dominant decay times of 2.0 mol% doped glass was fast as 26.8 ns that performed the rapid response with coming excitation energy. In this work, our developed glasses performed the strong and fast luminescence signal which can be applied as the scintillation material in radiation detector.

The Dy3+-doped glasses of the M2O3:CaO:SiO2:B2O3(M2O3= Y2O3and La2O3) materials have been successfully fabricated with the 0.5 % mol of the Dy2O3concentration, and thoroughly investigated based on the physical, optical, photo- and radioluminescence properties. The developed glass materials were prepared from the compositions of 25M2O3:10CaO:10SiO2:(55-x)B2O3:0.5Dy2O3by the conventional melt-quenching technique at 1,400°C. The clear sample of the doped La2O3glass demonstrated higher density and the molar volume than those of the doped Y2O3glass. From the spectrophotometry, the absorption peaks of the Dy3+ions were clearly observed in both glasses. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the developed glasses indicated two-colors with two strongest peaks at 577 nm (4F9/2®6H13/2) and 482 nm (4F9/2®6H15/2). In addition, the emission spectra from the radioluminescence (RL) were identical to those from the PL measurements. From the results of the PL and RL measurements, the Y2O3glass had higher emission in the intensity than the La2O3glass. The X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) with the synchrotron radiation was carried out in fluorescent-yield mode to determine the average oxidation number of the Dy ions dispersed in the glass matrices. The DyL3-edge XANES spectra of both developed glasses were nearly identical with the sharp white line at 7795.5 eV and the edge energy of 7793 eV. Compared to the XANES spectrum of the pure Dy2O3standard, both glasses showed the difference smaller than 0.5 eV, and therefore confirmed the oxidation number of the Dy ions of 3+.

Europium (Eu3+) doped glasses of chemical compositions (55−x)B2O3:10SiO2:25Y2O3:10CaO:xEu2O3, where x denotes mol% and ranges 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.5, were synthesized by adopting conventional melt quenching technique. Physical properties like density, molar volume, polaron radius, inter-ionic distance and field strength of the glass samples were investigated to assess the impact of Eu2O3. Optical and luminescence properties of the glasses were characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence, X-ray induced emission spectra, temperature dependence emission spectra and decay times. Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ωλ) of the glasses were evaluated based on the absorption spectrum of 0.5 mol%. JO parameters, calculated from absorption spectra with thermal corrections on oscillator strength, were used to evaluate radiative properties such as radiative transition probability (AR), branching ratio (βR), stimulated cross section emission (σ) and radiative lifetime (τR) for 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 0,1,2,3 and 4) transitions. The decay rate of 5D0 fluorescent level for all the glass samples was single exponential. Lifetimes of the 5D0 level were decreased with increasing concentrations of Eu3+ions from 0.05 mol% to 2.5 mol% which might be due to energy transfer through cross-relaxation in the glasses. The chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were similar for all BSYCaEu glasses and were located at the red region of CIE 1931 color chromaticity diagram. Hence, these results confirm that the Eu3+ doped BSYCaEu glasses could be useful for visible red lasers and glass scintillation applications.

Silicoborate glasses with composition of (BSYCaSm:(55-x)B2O3+ 10SiO2 +25Y2O3 +10CaO + xSm2O3), (where, x= 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, mol%) have been synthesized by using the well-known melt quenching technique. The present work deals with physical, optical, photoluminescence, X-ray luminescence and decay time studies of silicoborate glasses. Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6) and radiative properties for the important luminescent level of Sm3+ ions were derived by using the absorption spectrum of 0.3 mol% Sm2O3 doped glass. The luminescence spectra in the visible region was obtained due to 4G5/2 → 6HJ (5/2, 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) transition of Sm3+ ion under 401 nm excitation. The decay profile for the 4G5/2 level of Sm3+ ions was analyzed and found that for lower concentration (≤ 0.20 mol%) it is single exponential in nature whereas for higher concentration (≥ 0.25 mol%), it turns in to non-exponential due to the transfer of energy between donor (excited state Sm3+ion) and acceptor (ground state Sm3+ ion). As the concentration of Sm3+ ions increases the decay time of 4G5/2 state decreases. The well-known Inokuti-Hirayama (IH) model was used for fitting the non-exponential decay curves where S = 6 indicates that energy transfer process is of dipole-dipole type. Hence, in the present work, intense transition of 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (601 nm) is found to be suitable for reddish-orange laser emission. CIE chromaticity diagram has been performed for verifying the results of fluorescence in visible laser applications at 601 nm.

The physical, optical and luminescence properties of lithium aluminium phosphate glasses different doping europium oxide have been investigated to evaluate their properties for solid-state lighting applications. The density and molar volume measurements were carried out at room temperature. The absorption spectra were investigated in the UV-Vis-NIR region from 250 to 2500 nm. The emission spectra, excited with 394 nm excitation wavelength showed four emission transitions corresponding to 5D0→7F1 (591 nm), 5D0→7F2 (612 nm), 5D0→7F3 (648 nm) and 5D0→7F4 (698 nm). The optimal concentration of Eu2O3 in lithium aluminium phosphate glasses was 1.00 mol%.

This study is to find a parameters that necessary for fabricating a radiation shielding glass in x-ray room. In this study, we performed a comparison of commercial lead glass product commercial window, and developed lead-free glass in the composition of xBaO:20ZnO:(80-x)B2O3 which are applied used for lead glass replacement. The result found that, the linear attenuation coefficients (m) were increased with the increase of BaO concentrations and the decrease of an x-ray tube voltage. The developed glass samples were investigated in terms of half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) that found to be decreased with the increase of BaO concentrations which the good characteristics for application in a x-ray shielding glass manufacturing.

In this work, the optical and luminescence properties of Dy2O3 doped barium phosphate glass with different alkaline earth oxides (MgO, CaO and SrO) have been investigated. The glass samples were prepared by the melt-quenching technique at the melting temperature of 1200 °C. The absorption spectra of glasses were recorded in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) region. The absorption bands centered at 385, 424, 452, 472, 754, 803, 901, 1093, 1273 and 1683 nm, respectively have been observed. The emission spectra of glass samples centered at 482, 574, 662 and 751 nm, respectively have been observed with 350 nm excitation wavelength. The result of radioluminescence spectra were slightly different with photoluminescence spectra. The coordinate of emitting color (x, y) for 350 excitation wavelength is 0.3781 and 0.4252, respectively which is located in white light region of CIE diagram.

Bismuth borophosphate glasses containing different doping cerium oxide have been synthesized at 1200 °C by melt-quenching technique. The doping concentration of the Ce3+ was varied from 0.05 mol% to 2.0 mol%. The glass samples were characterized through optical absorption and luminescence spectral measurements. UV-visible and near infrared absorption spectra of glass samples were not observed nevertheless the absorption edge was shift to the longer wavelength. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectra show emission bands around 367 nm under 317 nm excitation wavelength. Also, the highest emission intensity was found at 0.5 mol% CeF3 dopant for both of photoluminescence and radioluminescence.

The Er3+-doped calcium barium phosphate glasses with chemical composition 30CaO:20BaO:(50-x)P2O5:xEr2O3 (where x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mol%) were prepared by melt-quenching technique. The optical and NIR luminescence properties of the glass samples were investigated to determine the ability for using as broadband optical amplifier. The density, molar volume and refractive index were carried out. The absorption spectra showed 10 absorption bands corresponding to the transitions assigned by 4I15/2→4G11/2 (349 nm), 2G9/2 (403 nm), 4F5/2 (451 nm), 4F7/2 (488 nm), 2H11/2 (522 nm), 4S3/2 (544 nm), 4F9/2 (651 nm), 4I9/2 (803 nm), 4I11/2 (977 nm) and 4I13/2 (1537 nm). Judd-Ofelt analysis was applied in this work and found that the J-O parameters of the CaBaPEr20 glass are 7.44, 2.52 and 4.36 (x 10-20 cm2) for Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6, respectively. Oscillator strength, radiative transition possibility, stimulated emission cross section and branching ratio were also evaluated. NIR luminescence spectra of the CaBaPEr20 glass under 977 nm excitation wavelength showed broad NIR emission band with the peak centered at 1541 nm (corresponding to 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition) in the range of 1455 to 1620 nm covers the S, C and L bands of optical amplifier. The gain bandwidth of optical amplifier calculated by the product of full width at half maximum and stimulated emission cross section was found to be 511 x 10-28 cm3 that relatively high compared with other Er3+-doped systems, indicated the present CaBaPEr20 glass ability for using as broadband optical amplifier at 1.54 µm. Excitation and emission spectra of the luminescence in visible region were also investigated in this work.

Physical, optical and luminescence properties of lithium aluminium phosphate (LAPSm), sodium aluminium phosphate (NAPSm) and potassium aluminium phosphate (KAPSm) glasses doped with 0.5 mol% of Sm2O3 have been investigated. The results found that all glass samples are clear, homogenous and transparency. The optical absorption spectra are shown strong absorption bands in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region for all doped samples. The emission spectra of all doped glass samples exhibited four peaks correspond to the energy transition 4G5/2 → 6H5/2 (562 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (597 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 (644 nm) and 4G5/2 → 6H11/2 (704 nm) have been observed under 401 (6H5/2 → 6P3/2) nm excitation wavelength. Also, the CIE chromaticity analysis yields reddish-orange light emission for all glass samples. It was observed that the emission intensity LAPSm glass is higher than NAPSm and KAPSm glasses. Hence LAPSm glass could be considered as a good optical glass for Sm3+ dopant for reddish-orange emission material.

Sm3+ doped lithium aluminium phosphate glasses have been investigated in different concentration of Sm3+ ions. The physical, optical and luminescence properties were studied to evaluate their potential to using as orange color emitting materials. The result of physical properties indicated that the density, the molar volume and the refractive index of glass samples were increased with an increase of Sm2O3 content. The absorption spectra of glass samples were recorded in the wavelength range of 250-2000 nm. The absorption bands centered at 401, 473, 947, 1080, 1232, 1379, 1482 and 1532 nm have been observed. From the photoluminescence spectra, the glasses are showed strong emission at 597 nm which corresponds to 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition under excitation wavelength at 401 nm. The optimal concentration of Sm2O3 in lithium aluminium phosphate glasses was 0.5 mol%.

Barium borophosphate (BaO-B2O3-P2O5) glasses doped with Sm3+ ions were produced by melt quenching procedure. The doping concentration of the Sm3+ was varied from 0.2 mol% to 1.0 mol%. The obtained glasses were characterized through optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectral measurements. The emission spectra corresponding to the Sm3+: 4G5/2 → 6H5/2 (562 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (597 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 (643 nm) and 4G5/2 → 6H11/2 (704 nm) transitions were obtained under excited wavelength at 401 nm. The photoluminescence intensities of all glasses are comparable and the strongest intensity peak at 597 nm was obtained with 0.4 mol% Sm3+ ions. In order to identify the emission color of the prepared glasses, the emission intensities were analyzed using the 1931 CIE chromatic color coordinates.

The effects of La2O3 based glasses in the glass formula (80-x) B2O3: 10SiO2: 10 CaO: x La2O3 where x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mol% have been fabricated by a melt-quenching technique, and have been investigated for physical, optical, and radiation shielding properties. The density of the glass was found to increase with increasing concentrations of La2O3. The optical spectra were measured by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, and this glass has been shown to have advantages due to good transparency. The cut off wavelengths for glass samples with increasing La2O3 concentration are found to shift toward longer wavelengths. The experimental value of mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the glass samples increases with increasing levels of La2O3 concentration. Additionally, the effective electron density (Ne) of the glass samples was investigated between 224 to 662 keV. The total µm, Zeff and Ne of the glasses decreases exponentially toward higher energy of gamma-rays and they are in agreement with theoretical values. These results are good indications of the potential of the prepared lanthanum calcium silicoborate glasses as a radiation shielding material with lead-free advantages.

Lithium aluminium phosphate glasses doped with samarium oxide were prepared by melt-quenching technique and investigated their physical, optical and luminescence properties. The result of physical properties indicated that the density and the molar volume of glass samples were increased with an increase of Sm 2 O 3 content. The absorption spectra of glass samples were recorded in the wavelength range of 250-2000 nm, these glasses have shown strong absorption bands in the visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) region at 401 and 1232 nm. The emission spectra of glasses, excited with 401 nm excitation wavelength showed four emission bands centered at 561, 597, 644 and 704 nm. From Judd-Ofelt analysis, the J-O parameter (Ω 2 , Ω 4 , Ω 6 ), radiative transition possibility ( A R ), stimulated emission cross-section (σ(λ p )) and branching ratios ( β R ) were indicated that the glass samples an interesting potential for using glass as laser medium with 597 nm emitting.

The Dy 3+ -doped yttrium calcium silicoborate glasses of composition of 25Y 2 O 3 + 10CaO + 10SiO 2 + (55-x)B 2 O 3 + x Dy 2 O 3 , where x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%, have been synthesized and are characterized through optical, photoluminescence and X-ray induced luminescence properties. The Judd-Ofelt model has been adopted to evaluate the radiative properties of the 4 F 9/2 → 6 H J (J = 15/2, 13/2 and 11/2) emission transitions. The concentration quenching effect of Dy 3+ ion concentration on the emissions from the 4 F 9/2 excited level is discussed in details. The luminescence decay curves of the 4 F 9/2 level transform from exponential to non-exponential nature for higher Dy 3+ ion concentration. The yellow to blue (Y/B) intensity ratio, CIE Chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperatures (CCT) were calculated from the emission spectra and were found that they fall in yellowish white light region. Thus, these results showed that the present YCaSBDy glasses could be aptly suitable for cool white light emitting diodes as well as glass scintillation applications.

Dysprosium (Dy3+) doped glasses of the potassium aluminum gadolinium phosphate (KAGP) were fabricated by melt-quenching technique. The preparation of glasses was varied the concentrations of Dy2O3 at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 3.00 mol%. The physical and spectroscopic properties were investigated for white light emitting devices. The absorption spectra were attributed to Dy3+ transitions from the 6H15/2, ground state to the various excited states and found that the intensity of absorption spectra was increased with increasing Dy2O3 concentration. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameter Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6) were estimated from the absorption spectra of 0.50 mol% Dy2O3 doped KAGP glass and found to be Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were record under 350 nm and showed four intense peaks at 482, 573, 664 and 753 nm which correspond to the excited states (4F9/2) to 6H15/2, 6H13/2, 6H11/2 and 6H9/2 respectively. The intensity of emission spectra increased with content of Dy3+ ions until 0.5 mol% in KAGP glasses and beyond concentration quenching was observed. From the emission spectra have evaluated chromaticity co-ordinates CIE 1931 and observed that the emission of KAGP glasses was in the white region. The results approve that the Dy3+ doped KAGP glasses could be considered for optoelectronic devices such as lasers and white light emitting diode (w-LEDs). The radioluminescence (RL) spectra were measured and show the strongest emission from X-rays excitation at 0.5 mol% of Dy2O3. In evaluation of scintillation property between 0.50 mol% of Dy2O3 doped KAGP glass and BGO crystal, the integral scintillation efficiency was 9% of BGO. It can be potential for integration mode of scintillation such as in medical and industrial X-ray imaging applications.

Cerium-doped lithium barium gadolinium phosphate glass to with various concentration of Gadolinium and cerium have been investigated for this physical and optical properties. The density was determined by Archimedes' principle showed the relation of density and reflective index which depended on Gd2O3 and CeF3 concentrations. Their optical properties were investigated by luminescence spectra under UV and x-rays excitations. The emission and excitation spectra of Ce3+ ion exhibited strong intensity at 338–346 nm (λEX = 302 nm) and at 332–342 nm (λEX = 302 nm) with the concentration of Gd2O3 at 18 %mol for various concentration of Gd2O3 and concentration of CeF3 at 1.0 mol%, respectively. The UV–Vis transmission spectra showed the red shift with the higher concentration of Gd2O3. The oxidation of Ce3+ ions and Ce4+ ions of samples were demonstrated by using X-ray Absorption Near Edge spectroscopy (XANE). In addition, the decay time of samples are very short, in the range of 14–16 ns, which is an important property to improve to the radiation detector. The energy loss by alpha particle was calculated by SRIM program. The result showed the stopping ions range were increased with increasing of alpha energy.

In current study Neodymium doped phosphate glasses were prepared and subsequently the Physical and luminescence properties of these glasses were thoroughly analyzed. In total, eleven absorption bands centered at 352, 431, 474, 512, 526, 583, 626, 683, 746, 803 and 875 nm were observed in absorption spectra. Similarly, the emission spectra of the prepared glasses recorded with 804 nm excitation show three radiative transitions peaks at 873, 1054 and 1333 nm. The luminescence properties of present glasses analyzed theoretically as several radiative properties studied through Judd-Ofelt theory. The emission cross section for 4F3/2→4I11/2 transition of Nd3+ ions, measured to be 11.2 × 10−20 cm2 in the case of oxide and 13.10 × 10−20 cm2 in the case of oxyfluoride glass. Similarly, the calculated and measured branching ratio for oxide glass are 54% and 51% respectively, and for oxyfluoride glass the calculated and measured branching ratios are 53% and 55% respectively. From the FTIR spectra it is noted that the bands correspond to the OH group show low transmittance intensity in oxyfluoride glass than oxide glass which is an evident of low OH contents oxyfluoride glass. In conclusion, from the results of present study reveal that the oxyfluoride glasses reported in present work can be a possible material for laser applications.

This work aimed to study the effect of Gd2O3 and CeF3 modified on potassium gadolinium phosphate glasses scintillators in 17K2O: xGd2O3: (82.5-x)P2O5: 0.5CeF3 (where x = 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 mol%) and 17K2O: 17Gd2O3: (66-x)P2O5: xCeF3 (where x = 0.1, 0.3, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 mol%) systems produced by the melt quenching technique. The physical, optical, and scintillation properties of the specimens were measured and discussed. The density and molar volume of the glasses trend to increases with increasing Gd2O3 concentration, while an invariable for all CeF3 concentration. The photoluminescence and x-ray luminescence spectrums show the highest value at 9 and 17 mol% of Gd2O3 concentration, respectively, which shows the decay time between 15.02 and 22.84 ns. XANES results shows the main oxidation state of Ce is 3+ ion for all glasses. However, the photoluminescence and x-ray luminescence spectrums show the maximum value at 5 mol% of CeF3 concentration, which shows the fast decay time between 16.26 and 36.02 ns. These results of the x-ray induced luminescence and the fast decay time in nanoseconds level are possible applied as well as the scintillation materials for radiation detector application.

The paper was reported on the spectrum results of Dy3+ (1.0 mol%) ions-doped Li2O–AlF3–NaF–KF–P2O5 (LANKPD) glass. The absorption spectrum was investigated in the UV–Vis–NIR region from 300 to 2000 nm. Judd-Ofelt parameters, Ωλ (λ = 2,4,6) has been evaluated from absorption spectrum. Several J-O parameters: oscillator strength, radiative transition probability, stimulated emission cross section and branching ratio also observed. The Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 trend of J-O parameters for glass sample exhibits the good quality of host glass for using as an optical device application. The highest excitation spectrum showed at 351 nm for transition 6H5/2 → 6P7/2. The emission spectrum showed two major peaks corresponding to 483 nm blue emission (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) and 572 nm yellow emission (4F9/2 → 6H13/2). Moreover, the radioluminescence spectrum was measured and compared with the BGO scintillation crystal.

The effects of the BaO on the optical, physical and radiation shielding properties of the xBaO: 20ZnO: (80−x)B2O3, where x=5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mol%, were investigated. The glasses were developed by the conventional melt-quenching technique at 1400 °C with high purity chemicals of H3BO3, ZnO, and BaSO4. The optical transparency of the glasses indicated that the glasses samples were high, as observed by visual inspections. The mass attenuation coefficients (µm), the effective atomic numbers (Zeff), and the effective electron densities (Ne) were increased with the increase of BaO concentrations, and the decrease of gamma-ray energy. The developed glass samples were investigated and compared with the shielding concretes and glasses in terms of half value layer (HVL). The overall results demonstrated that the developed glasses had good shielding properties, and highly practical potentials in the environmental friendly radiation shielding materials without an additional of Pb.

This paper reports on the physical, optical and photoluminescence properties of Nd3+ doped calcium barium phosphate (CaO:BaO: P2O5) and strontium barium phosphate (SrO:BaO: P2O5) prepared by the melt-quenching technique at 1200 °C. The density and the molar volume of glass samples were carried out at the room temperature. The results show that the density of glasses tends to increase with increasing concentration of Nd2O3. While, the molar volume of glasses tends to decrease with increasing Nd2O3 contents. The absorption spectra of glass samples centered at 351, 431,463, 473, 514, 526, 581, 628, 683, 747, 804 and 874 nm, respectively were observed in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared region. The luminescence spectra of glass samples were investigated in near-infrared region. It was observed that the luminescence spectra of glass samples were dependent on Nd2O3 content. Also, the comparison of calcium and strontium with different of Nd3+ concentration is addressed.

In this work, the Al 2 O 3 -MO-BaO-P 2 O 5 -Sm 2 O 3 (MO = Na 2 O and ZnO) were prepared by melt-quench technique. Both glasses were doped with Sm 2 O 3 in different concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mol%). The density of Al 2 O 3 -Na 2 O-BaO-P 2 O 5 -Sm 2 O 3 (NaABP) and Al 2 O 3 -ZnO-BaO-P 2 O 5 -Sm 2 O 3 (ZnABP) glasses tended to increase with increasing of Sm 2 O 3 contents. The molar volume of NaABP glass not depends on the concentration of Sm 2 O 3 . While, the molar volume of ZnABP glass tended to increase with increasing concentration of Sm 2 O 3 . For both glass samples an increase in the absorption peaks were observed with the increase in Sm 3+ concentration. The luminescence emission spectrum of 0.5 mol% Sm 2 O 3 doped glasses shows intense orange emission around 597 nm ascribed to 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 transition with 402 nm excitation wavelength. Also, the luminescence decay curves of both NaABP and ZnABP glasses have been investigated.

Neodymium (Nd 3+ ) doped calcium barium phosphate glasses have been studied in different concentration of Nd 3+ ions. The absorption and luminescence spectra, the Judd–Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters Ω 2,4,6 and other radiative properties, which is radiative transition probabilities ( A R ), stimulated emission cross-sections (σ(λ p ) and branching ratios ( β R ) were calculated. These glass samples have shown strong absorption bands in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region. The emission spectra of glass samples have exhibited three emission transitions, which are assigned to 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 9/2 , 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 11/2 and 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 13/2 transitions, respectively. Also, the results obtained were compared with reports on similar glasses.

Barium borophosphate glasses doped with five concentrations of Er2O3 were prepared by a melted-quenching process. The properties of glasses have been investigated through density, molar volume, absorption and emission spectra measurements. The obtained density and the calculated molar volume values increased with increasing Er2O3 contents. The absorption spectra of glasses were found to have eleven absorption bands at 362 (4I15/2→4G9/2), 379 (4I15/2→4G11/2), 407 (4I15/2→2G9/2+4H9/2), 450 (4I15/2→4F5/2), 488 (4I15/2→4F7/2), 521 (4I15/2→2H11/2), 544 (4I15/2→4S3/2), 652 (4I15/2→4F9/2), 803 (4I15/2→4I9/2), 978 (4I15/2→4I11/2) and 1537 nm (4I15/2→4I13/2). At 521 nm excitation wavelength, the photoluminescence spectra showed highest peak around 1530 nm (4I13/2→4I15/2). The emission intensity depends on Er3+ ion concentration and shown higher emission intensity with increasing concentration of Er2O3.

Journal of Thai Interdisciplinary Research, 14, 2, 16

Journal of Metals Materials and Minerals, 29, 2, 58-63

In this work, the x-ray induced luminescence technique was used to investigate natural and imitation rubies. The red and pink natural rubies in the present work were provided from Myanmar and Vietnam, respectively. The imitation rubies (red and pink glasses) in glass were taken from imitation jewelry company in Thailand. Optical, compositional and structural were studies to confirm the identification of natural and imitation stone. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals that natural rubies contain α-Al2O3 as the major phase. On the other hand, XRD does not show sharp peak for imitation ruby stone, therefore it indicates that the imitation rubies are made of amorphous material (glass). Absorption spectra in visible region of natural rubies, red and pink glasses show a prominent absorption band around 520–560 nm wavelength with Cr3+ transitions, gold nanoparticles and Er3+ transitions, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of both natural rubies show strong red emission at 692 nm (λex = 577 nm), relating to Cr3+ transition (2Eg→4A2g). The green emission peak at 548 nm (λex = 403 nm) of imitation ruby (pink glass) was observed; it comes from the transition of Er3+ (4S3/2 → 4I15/2). The x-ray induced luminescence (XIL) spectra of natural rubies show similar pattern with PL result, while XIL of imitation rubies cannot be observed. This XIL result show the fast separation behavior between natural and imitation rubies. Therefore, XIL is suitable for using as a luminescence analysis of gemstones because of their fast process, non-destructiveness and without excitation wavelength special sample-preparation needs.

The radiation parameters of barite sodium silicoborate glass (BaSO4:Na2O:SiO2:B2O3) with different concentration of barite (BaSO4) were studied. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Zeff) effective electron densities (Ne,eff) and half value layer (HVL) have been calculated by theoretical approach using WinXCom program in the energy range of 1 keV to 100 GeV. The results of these parameters are show graphically for total and partial photon interaction. It was found that the Zeff show discontinuous jumps related to absorption edges and dominance photoelectric effect at low energies, pair production have two types which are nuclear and electron field and its slightly increased with increasing photon energies. The variation of Ne,eff was related to the value of Zeff. The half value layer (HVL) of glasses were compared with commercial window and some standard shielding concretes which observed that the value of 20 mol% BaSO4 has lower than commercial window, ordinary and hematite-serpentine concretes. These results showed that glass sample is promising radiation shielding materials.

This research reports on the physical and optical properties of three series of borophosphate glasses combined with barium oxide (BaO), following BaBP-A, BaBP-B and BaBP-C, that were prepared by a melting and quenching process. The density, molar volume, refractive index and absorption spectra were investigated the effect of BaO on different glass structures. The results show that the densities and refractive index of the glass samples increased as the BaO (BaBP-A and BaBP-B) and B2O3 (BaBP-C) mole percentage increased. The molar volume of the glasses shows the adversative trend as the density: the molar volume decreased as the BaO and B2O3 content increased. The absorption spectra of all glass samples were slightly shifted to the longer wavelength, ultraviolet 250-350 nm, with increasing the concentration of BaO.

The Dy3+ doped Y2O3-CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses with molar composition 25Y2O3 : 10CaO : 10SiO2 : (55-x)B2O3, where x is 0.0 to 0.5 mol%, have been prepared by melt quenching method and are characterized through absorption, photoluminescence and decay analysis. From the luminescent spectra, observed a strong yellow and blue emission from 4F9/2→ 6H13/2 (575 nm) and 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 (482 nm) transition of Dy3+ ions respectively. The tunable white light emission at different excitation wavelengths are investigated through CIE 1931 diagram. The decay curves show the decreasing of lifetimes when addition of Dy2O3 concentration.

Commercial window added with BaSO4 have been studies on the mass attenuation coefficient and compared it with some standard shielding concretes. This parameter has been investigated at photon energy from 1 keV to 100 GeV on the basis of calculation. The theoretical values of photon interaction were obtained by the WinXCom program. The variations of mass attenuation coefficient of commercial window and standard shielding concretes are shown graphically with photon energy. It has been observed that the commercial window added with 30% BaSO4 has higher value of mass attenuation coefficient than all of standard shielding concretes at the photon energy range above 40-400 keV. Also, discontinuous jump of mass attenuation coefficient at the lower energy has been discusses.

This paper reports on physical, optical and photoluminescence properties of Sm3+doped calcium barium phosphate (CaO: BaO: P2O5: Sm2O3) glass systems. The glass samples have been prepared by the melt-quenching technique at 1200°C. It was found that the density of glasses tended to increase with increasing of Sm2O3 concentration. While, the molar volume of glasses tended to decrease with increasing of Sm2O3 concentration higher than 0.1 mol%. The absorption spectra of glasses were recorded in the ultraviolet visible near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) region. The absorption bands centered at 374, 402, 416, 438, 473, 527, 946, 1083, 1236, 1382, 1483, 1531 and 1977 nm, respectively have been observed. The emission spectra of glass samples centered at 561, 597, 643 and 704 nm corresponding to the energy levels from 4G5/2 to 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2, respectively have been observed with 402 nm excitation wavelength.

In this research, the magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses doped with different concentration of Sm2O3 have been prepared using the melt quenching method at 1200 °C. Magnesium bismuth phosphate glasses are clear, homogenous and increased yellow color with increasing the concentration of Sm2O3. Physical and optical properties of glass samples were investigated. The results show that, the density and molar volumes were increased with increasing the concentration of Sm2O3. The absorption spectra in the wavelength range at 200 - 2500 nm was observed. It was found that the absorption bands have nine peaks with corresponding to 401, 439, 472, 945, 1081, 1231, 1378, 1480 and 1533 nm. Absorption bands at 401 and 1231 nm are highest absorption spectra in visible and near infrared region, respectively. For the luminescence spectrum of glass samples has shown four emission transitions at 562 (green), 598 (orange), 664 (red) and 705 nm with excitation wavelength at 401 nm. The wavelength at 401 and 598 nm has shown highest intensity of excitation and emission wavelength, respectively.

Dysprosium doped lithium lanthanum borate glasses (LiLaB:Dy3+) were prepared by the melt quenching technique, varying the Dy2O3 doped concentration from 0.00 to 1.50 mol%. The absorption spectra showed that LiLaB:Dy3+ glass absorbed photon in visible light and near infrared region. From the excitation of 388 nm, this glass emitted the photon with 483, 575, 664 and 753 nm wavelength. The intensity of emission increased with increasing of Dy2O3 concentration until 1.0 mol%, after that it decreased. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) analysis was applied to 1.0 mol% doped glass to investigate the J-O parameter, radiative transition possibility and stimulated emission cross section. These values were interpreted to the ability of laser gain medium.

Calcium yttrium silicoborate glasses doped with different Nd3+ ion concentrations have been prepared using the melt quenching technique at 1400 °C. Physical, optical and luminescence properties of glass samples were investigated. The density and molar volume measurements were carried out at room temperature. The results show that, the density and molar volume of glass samples not deepened on the concentration of Nd2O3. Absorption spectra were investigated in the UV–VIS–NIR region from 200 to 2500 nm. It was observed that the absorption bands have 8 peaks with corresponding to 467, 521, 584, 638, 682, 747, 805 and 877 nm. The luminescence properties were investigated in the NIR region. On excitation, with 584 and 805 nm, it is found that the emission peaks are located at 896 (904), 1060 and 1332 nm that correspond to the emission transitions from 4F3/2 to 4I9/2, 4I11/2 and 4I13/2, respectively. The NIR luminescence intensity obtained with 584 nm excitation was stronger than 805 nm.