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This paper takes the contrarian viewpoint that petro-nationalist oil security policies by oil consuming nations are likely to be ineffectual, very costly, and politically destabilizing internationally. Because the world oil market is one big bathtub, oil security is a public goods problem with a worldwide scope. Thus cooperative solutions are essential. Particularly troublesome are bilateral supply agreements and efforts to achieve oil autarky, which aim specifically at achieving a political or economic advantage vis-a-vis other oil consuming nations. These misguided actions are likely to trigger politically destabilizing oil resource competition among major oil consuming nations. Keywords: Petro-nationalism, China, U.S., Bathtub, Oil security, Realist International Relations Theory, 'The world oil market, like the world ocean, is one great pool.' --M.A. Adelman I. INTRODUCTION Petro-nationalism is alive and well, manifesting itself both by oil consuming as well as [...]

ABSTRACT This article explores the ways in which the Ivoirian Land Code of 1998 has played into political debates around national citizenship that have divided Ivoirian society since the 1990s. [...]

Successful 'internal enforcement' of immigration law requires having a national identity system. If expanded, 'E-Verify,' the much-debated effort to control illegal immigration through access to employment, will become such a [...]

Between 1945 and 2005, nation-states around the world revised their criminal laws on sexual activities. This global reform wave--across countries and domains of sexual activity-followed from the reconstitution of world models of society around individuals rather than corporate bodies. During the post-World War II period, this process rearranged the global cultural and organizational underpinnings of sex, eroding world-level support for criminal laws aimed at protecting collective entities--especially the family and the nation--and strengthening world support for laws aimed at protecting individualized persons. To make our case, we use unique cross-national and longitudinal data on the criminal regulation of rape, adultery, sodomy, and child sexual abuse. The data reveal striking counter-directional trends in sex-law reforms, which simultaneously elaborated regulations protecting individuals and dissolved laws protecting collective entities. World-level negative-binomial regression analyses and country-level event-history analyses confirm our main propositions. The findings demonstrate a sweeping revolution in criminal-sex laws, rooted in the intensified global celebration of flee-standing personhood. Keywords globalization, criminal law, sex, individualization, reform DOI: 10.1177/0003122410388493

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00595.x Byline: Ben Holland (*) Abstract: The constructivist authors John Gerard Ruggie, Friedrich Kratochwil, and Nicholas Onuf have each independently pressed the case that the concept of state sovereignty owes its genesis to the rediscovery of the Roman law of private property in the Renaissance. This article supports this conclusion, but argues that it was the notion of representation that Roman property law bequeathed which was of such significance. It makes this argument through analyses of the writings of Hobbes (on the temporally permanent state), Montesquieu (on the territorially bounded state), and Sieyes (on the nation-state). It thus provides a fresh account of the rise of the nation-state within the framework of a powerful series of analyses of sovereignty that have been posited by scholars in the discipline of International Relations. Author Affiliation: (*)London School of Economics and Political Science

This article considers the way in which recent commentators have represented Australia's relationship with Antarctica including current and future challenges. While successive Australian governments from the 1950s onwards have sought inter alia to develop and protect the country's southern oceanic and Antarctic interests, concern has persisted about the activities of other parties. The signing of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty helped to ensure that the territorial status quo prevailed with regard to the Australian Antarctic Territory. The entry of the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) into force in 1994 created new opportunities for further expressions of sovereign rights in this region. While mindful of the evolving legal geographies affecting Antarctica, our paper asks a series of questions about this relationship with the far south: how has Australian national identity been informed and influenced by Antarctic engagements? Will UNCLOS actually weaken the Antarctic Treaty System? Finally, do contemporary Australian pronouncements on the Antarctic hint at anxieties reminiscent of the 1950s? We conclude with a warning that nationalistic evocations may well unsettle a delicate balance concerning the Southern Ocean and disputed ownership of Antarctica.

Minimization of identity theft, the transference of someone's identity to commit fraud, is one of the important aspects of a business transaction. As China and its economy becomes a significant factor in the world economy, Chinese organizations and government agencies need to prepare for potential risks. This paper discusses identity theft, the emerging Chinese credit card market, and the risks and recommendations for Chinese organizations and government to implement successful transactions while minimizing identity theft., INTRODUCTION One of the potential challenges to the Chinese economy, their organizations and the government is identity theft. As Tom Friedman discussed in his 2005 book, The World is Flat [...]

ABSTRACT This essay examines the Eastern Women's Congresses in Damascus (1930) and Tehran (1932) to show how Middle Eastern women attempted to stake their own claim to modernity within the [...]

This paper examines barriers to export for non-exporting firms in the context of a developing country by surveying two hundred seventy seven firms with headquarters located in Istanbul. The authors discuss a group of barriers facing firms and explain how these barriers are related to one another. The results showed that the most important barrier to export as perceived by business executives is 'lack of financial resources' followed by 'inadequate market information provided by government.' Analyses also showed that there are strong relationships among different types of export barriers. Furthermore, firm size is related to perception of barriers to export., INTRODUCTION Although all businesses both from developed and developing countries face some sort of barriers to entry in global markets, companies in developing countries have additional barriers that they must [...]