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This article discusses Nationalist government in Nanjing, China form 1927 to 1937, which tried to balance paternalism and democracy, using petitions from this era to illustrate the tensions between the government and the people. Issues include the tutelary government of China, the development of the petition, freedoms promised and claimed, political activism and the benefits of nationalism.

The author posits that ethnic identity is a specific self-representation drawn from a group's awareness of self, and argues that this form of consciousness is possible only in a modern society, rather than those examined by anthropological research. Implications for the development of anthropology as a discipline in China are discussed.

Musical nationalism in China is discussed. Topics include national musical history, searching for the voice of the people, and music as organizational form.

This article explores the beginning of modern athleticism in China. The author examines the social, political, and economic implications that transformed the Chinese concept of sport and athletic competition during the late Qing dynasty.

China's Hundred Days of Reform instituted in 1898 mark the attempt by Kang Youwei and his followers to propose alternatives to the Confucian model of government. The conflict between the autonomous intellectual and mass politics remains a powerful element in contemporary Chinese nationalism.

This article discusses the emergence of Western-style newspaper reporting compared to the oral transmission of news in early 20th-century China. Issues discussed include documentation of historical events, traditional Chinese concepts of cultural identity compared to Western concepts of nationalism, and the manner in which the recording of history reflects the medium in which it is recorded by comparing newspaper accounts with the personal diary of a rural Chinese man.

The desire in early twentieth-century China to eliminate the warlord structure and to oppose Japanese imperialist demands found widespread support among significant numbers of warlords, who saw continuous civil war and political unrest as proof their system was untenable. Anti-militarist protest in Beijing on May 4, 1919, continued with the 1989 protest in Tiananmen Square and the 1990 Taiwanese democracy movement.

Factional politics is the reason for the change in assertive nationalism in China during the period 1989-94. Various issues came to the forefront. In June 1989 stability of leadership was threatened. In 1991, the global power balance changed. US interest were challenged throughout the five-year period, but what was done with these challenges depended on the relative strength of Deng Xiaoping, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the faction with leftist ideology. Post-Deng, the influence of the PLA will determine the country's assertiveness on Taiwan, Tibet and Hongkong, all key to China's sense of national identity.

Japan's imperial designs on East Asia were evident in the Twenty-one Demands put forth to China in 1915. The Chinese responded with a surge of nationalism in which formerly disparate factions joined forces to counter the Japanese threat. Many of China's leading intellectuals turned away from Japan and towards the US after the humiliation caused by the demands, which greatly altered the course of early 20th-century Asian history.

POWER AND PASSION IN CHINESE 'FACE NATIONALISM' Last May, television images of angry Chinese hurling rocks at the U.S. embassy in Beijing again raised a series of provocative questions: What [...]

China and the Diaoyu Islands Influenced by the resurgence of nationalism in the post-Cold War era, international relations scholars have produced a pessimistic evaluation of ways that nationalism increases the [...]

Nationalism in the post-Tiananmen era is a worrying phenomenon that may be better understood when seen from a historical perspective. Before we examine the formation of national identity in twentieth […]

The 'Zeng Guofan Phenomenon' refers to the huge interest in the man who was simultaneously dubbed a 'saint' and a 'traitor'. Guofan, who was born in 1811 and died in 1872, has been the subject of a play, television series, two biographies, and an abundance of articles and studies between 1981 and 1997. Interest in Guofan is attributed to his role in Chinese national identity.