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1. Increased intracellular concentrations of DMSP and DMSO in iron-limited oceanic phytoplankton Thalassiosira oceanica and Trichodesmium erythraeum

Author

Céline Ridame, Céline Dimier-Hugueney, Marie Cheize, Sauveur Belviso, William G. Sunda, Eva Bucciarelli, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Centre for Education, University of Cape Town, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyll a, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Trichodesmium erythraeum, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Diatom, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Botany, Phytoplankton, Diazotroph, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; We investigated the link between iron (Fe) limitation and intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) concentration in two oceanic phytoplankton species, the diatom Thalassiosira oceanica and the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations were also measured in Fe-replete and Fe-limited T. oceanica. Fe limitation decreased the growth rates of T. oceanica and T. erythraeum by 33-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively and increased intracellular DMSP (DMSPp) concentrations by 12-fold (from 2.8 to 33.7 mmol Lcell−1) and by 45-fold (from 0.05 to 2.27 mmol Ltrichome−1), respectively. Intracellular dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOp) concentrations in T. oceanica increased by 5-fold under severe Fe limitation, from 0.78 mmol Lcell−1 in Fe-replete cells to 3.86 mmol Lcell−1. The increase in DMSPp and DMSOp under Fe limitation provides support for the role of these sulfur compounds as antioxidants. Under severe Fe limitation, the large increase in DMSPp : C and DMSP : chlorophyll a (Chl a) ratios for both T. oceanica (by 16- and 40-fold, respectively) and T. erythraeum (by 18- and 145-fold, respectively) places these species above the range of values generally attributed to diatoms and cyanophytes. Comparison of these values with in situ results, such as those from Fe fertilization experiments, suggests that the decrease in DMSPp : Chl a and DMSOp : Chl a that is generally observed with alleviation of Fe limitation may be partly related to decreases in DMSPp and DMSOp in individual species. The role of diatoms and diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the biogeochemical cycle of dimethylsulfide and associated sulfur compounds in Fe-limited oceanic environments should not be overlooked.

Published
2013

2. The Impact of Gulf Stream Frontal Eddies on Ecology and Biogeochemistry near Cape Hatteras

Author

Patrick Clifton Gray, Jessica Gronniger, Ivan Sayvelev, Julian Dale, Alexandria K. Niebergall, Nicolas Cassar, Anna E. Windle, Dana E. Hunt, Zackary Johnson, Marina Lévy, Chris Taylor, Guillaume Bourdin, Ashley Blawas, Amanda Lohmann, Greg Silsbe, David W. Johnston, Duke University [Durham], University of Maine, US Naval Research Laboratory, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), and University of Maryland System

Subjects
[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

Ocean physics and biology can interact in myriad and complex ways. Eddies, features found at many scales in the ocean, can drive substantial changes in physical and biogeochemical fields with major implications for marine ecosystems. Mesoscale eddies are challenging to model and difficult to observe synoptically at sea due to their fine-scale variability yet broad extent. In this work we observed a frontal eddy just north of Cape Hatteras via an intensive hydrographic, biogeochemical, and optical sampling campaign. Frontal eddies occur in western boundary currents around the globe and there are major gaps in our understanding of their ecosystem impacts. In the Gulf Stream, frontal eddies have been studied in the South Atlantic Bight, where they are generally assumed to shear apart passing Cape Hatteras. However, we found that the observed frontal eddy had different physical properties and phytoplankton community composition from adjacent water masses, in addition to continued cyclonic rotation. In this work we first synthesize the overall ecological impacts of frontal eddies in a simple conceptual model. This conceptual model led to the hypothesis that frontal eddies could be well timed to supply zooplankton to secondary consumers off Cape Hatteras where there is a notably high concentration and diversity of top predators. Towards testing this hypothesis and our conceptual model we report on the biogeochemical state of this particular eddy connecting physical and biological dynamics, analyze how it differs from Gulf Stream and shelf waters even in “death”, and refine our initial model with this new data.Key PointsIn-depth investigation of a frontal eddy in the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, North CarolinaContinued physical and biogeochemical differences are observed between the eddy and adjacent water masses even as it begins to shear apartWe share a conceptual model of the ecological impact of frontal eddies with a hypothesis that they supply zooplankton to secondary consumersPlain Language SummaryFrontal eddies are spinning masses of water (~30km in diameter) that move along western boundary currents like the Gulf Stream. When they form they carry productive coastal water into the Gulf Stream and drive upwelling within their cores. Together this leads to an increase in the amount of phytoplankton within them - much higher compared to surrounding nutrient-limited Gulf Stream water. On the east coast of the United States one common area of frontal eddy formation is just off Charleston, SC. Eddies then travel up the coast and dissipate near Cape Hatteras, NC. In this work we measured a wide range of physical and biological properties of a frontal eddy just north of Cape Hatteras. We compared these properties within the eddy to the coastal water on one side and the Gulf Stream water on the other, finding clear differences in phytoplankton community composition and other physical and chemical properties. Using the results of these observations together with previous studies we share a simple model for how frontal eddies may impact phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish – hypothesizing that they may contribute to the high diversity and density of top predators off Cape Hatteras.

Published
2023

3. Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. III. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate

Author

Julie M. Rose, David A. Hutchins, Giacomo R. DiTullio, Peter A. Lee, Clinton E. Hare, Steven W. Wilhelm, Janet M. Rowe, Karine Leblanc, Jamie R. Rudisill, Yuanyuan Feng, Aimee Neeley, Jennifer M. Maucher, Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College of Marine Studies (CMS), University of Delaware [Newark], Department of Biological Sciences [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of microbiology, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of plant pathology, University of Nebraska System, Grice Marine Laboratory [Charleston], National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science ( NCCOS ), National Ocean Service ( NOS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), College of Marine Studies ( CMS ), University of Southern California ( USC ), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie ( LOB ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( WHOI ), University of Nebraska, and Grice Marine Laboratory

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Spring bloom, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, 01 natural sciences, Grazing pressure, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Phytoplankton, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Sulfate, CLAW hypothesis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The CLAW hypothesis argues that a negative feedback mechanism involving phytoplankton-derived dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) could mitigate increasing sea surface temperatures that result from global warming. DMSP is converted to the climatically active dimethylsulfide (DMS), which is transferred to the atmosphere and photochemically oxidized to sulfate aerosols, leading to increases in planetary albedo and cooling of the Earth's atmosphere. A shipboard incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of increased temperature and pCO2 on the algal community structure of the North Atlantic spring bloom and their subsequent impact on particulate and dissolved DMSP concentrations (DMSPp and DMSPd). Under 'greenhouse' conditions (elevated pCO2; 690 ppm) and elevated temperature (ambient + 4°C), coccolithophorid and pelagophyte abundances were significantly higher than under control conditions (390 ppm CO2 and ambient temperature). This shift in phytoplankton community structure also resulted in an increase in DMSPp concentrations and DMSPp:chl a ratios. There were also increases in DMSP-lyase activity and biomass-normalized DMSP-lyase activity under 'greenhouse' conditions. Concentrations of DMSPd decreased in the 'greenhouse' treatment relative to the control. This decline is thought to be partly due to changes in the microzooplankton community structure and decreased grazing pressure under 'greenhouse' conditions. The increases in DMSPp in the high temperature and greenhouse treatments support the CLAW hypothesis; the declines in DMSPd do not.

Published
2009

4. The effect of nitrogen limitation on cellular DMSP and DMS release in marine phytoplankton: climate feedback implications

Author

Eva Bucciarelli, Rance Hardison, William G. Sunda, Hyakubun Harada, Ronald P. Kiene, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bucciarelli, Eva

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coccolithophore, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Biology, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, nutrients, Phytoplankton, Botany, 14. Life underwater, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, DMSP, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Emiliania huxleyi, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, DMS, fungi, nitrogen limitation, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, Nitrogen, Diatom, Dimethylsulfide, chemistry, 13. Climate action, phytoplankton
Abstract

International audience; The effect of nitrogen limitation on intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its enzymatic cleavage to dimethylsulfide (DMS) was investigated in semi-continuous cultures of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and the chain-forming coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum, both ecologically important species. The diatom had a DMSP/C molar ratio of 0.0020 (1% of cell carbon) under nutrient sufficient conditions, and increased its DMSP/C ratio by 70% under nitrogen limitation. The coccolithophore had a constitutively high intracellular DMSP concentration (~200 mmol per liter of cell volume, an estimated 5% of cell carbon) and Nlimitation of this species caused no measurable increase inDMSP. Instead, N-limitation of this species increased the activity of the DMSP cleavage enzyme, DMSPlyase, which resulted in a 20-fold increase in the moles of DMS in the culture per unit of cell volume and a 40- to 80-fold increase in the ratio of DMS to chl a. Our results and previously published findings suggest that N-limitation is likely a contributing factor to the extremely high DMS:chl a ratios observed in nutrient limited surface ocean waters under thermally stratified conditions. Thus, N-limitation may play a role in climate feedback mechanisms involving biologically derived DMS.

Published
2007

5. Effect of the diel cycle on production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in batch cultures of Emiliania huxleyi

Author

Sauveur Belviso, Géraldine Sarthou, William G. Sunda, Eva Bucciarelli, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Diel variations, biology.organism_classification, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, chemistry, Algae, E. huxleyi, Botany, Axenic, Diel vertical migration, DMSP, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Intracellular, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Emiliania huxleyi
Abstract

Changes in intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), nitrogen, carbon, chlorophyll a (chl a), total cell volume and cell numbers were measured during day and night in axenic, exponentially growing batch cultures of the coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi, cultured at 20°C under a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle. Cellular DMSP content in the cultures increased at a specific rate of 0.80 ± 0,10 d -1 (mean ± SE) during the day and 0.53 ± 0.12 d -1 at night. By contrast, cellular carbon and chl a content of the culture and total cell volume increased only during the day (at specific rates of 1.30 ± 0.08 d -1 , 1.54 ± 0.12 d -1 and 1.39 ± 0.12 d -1 , respectively). Cellular nitrogen content of the culture showed a much higher specific rate of increase during the day (1.07 ± 0.07 d -1 ) than at night (0.22 ± 0.03 d -1 ). Because intracellular DMSP had a lower specific rate of synthesis during the day and a higher specific rate at night than specific production rates for the various cell biomass parameters (total cell volume, and cell carbon, nitrogen and chl a), ratios of DMSP to these parameters were highest at the end of the dark period and decreased during the day. The maximum intracellular DMSP concentrations at the beginning of the light period may provide some level of protection from oxidative stress with the daytime initiation of photosynthesis. Significant intracellular production of DMSP during the night contradicts current conventional wisdom, which assumes that no nighttime biosynthesis of DMSP occurs. Previous calculations based on this invalid assumption will need to be reassessed.

Published
2007

6. Influence of CO2, nitrate, phosphate and silicate limitation on intracellular DMSP in batch cultures of the coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

Author

Bucciarelli, Eva, Sunda, William, Bucciarelli, Eva, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Ocean Service (NOS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, nutrient limited T. pseudonana, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, DMSP
Abstract

International audience; We measured intracellular DMSP concentrations in nutrient limited batch cultures of the coastal diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Under N, P, CO2, and Si growth limitation, intracellular DMSP concentrations decreased to low values during the exponential phase of growth and increased under nutrient limitation. The intracellular DMSP concentration increased exponentially with decreasing growth rate and cellular chlorophyll a, in response to the type and degree of nutrient limitation. For a given growth rate, N limited cells showed the greatest increase in cellular DMSP concentrations, CO2 and Si limitation had an intermediate effect, and P limitation caused the smallest increase. The results demonstrate the importance of nutrient limitation in enhancing DMSP concentrations in marine algae. This enhancement may be linked in part to the role of DMSP as a cellular antioxidant and to increased oxidative stress within cells during nutrient limitation. The replacement of DMSP, a sulfur containing osmolyte, for N containing osmolytes such as proline may also explain at least some of the DMSP increase under N limitation. Our results also point to the possible importance of diatom blooms in global or regional sulfur cycles.

Published
2003

7. Tools and constraints in monitoring interactions between marine litter and megafauna: Insights from case studies around the world

Author

Tania Pelamatti, Amy Lusher, Rebecca R. McIntosh, Christos Ioakeimidis, Françoise Claro, M. Sorce, W. Mc Fee, Britta Denise Hardesty, Maria Cristina Fossi, Matteo Baini, François Galgani, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Pelagios Kakunjá, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Megafauna, Aquatic Organisms, Dolphins, Species distribution, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Tools, Entanglement, Marine debris, Aquatic science, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Policies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Waste Products, business.industry, Litter impact, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ingestion, Environmental resource management, Fishes, Pollution, Environmental Policy, Turtles, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geographic regions, Litter, Environmental science, %22">Fish , business, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Adverse impacts of marine litter is documented on >1400 species, including marine megafauna (fish, birds, sea turtles and mammals). The primary impacts include ingestion and entanglement, and there is increasing concern about chemical contamination via ingestion. Numerous survey approaches and monitoring programs have been developed and implemented around the world. They may aim to provide data about parameters such as species distribution and interactions with anthropogenic activities. During the Sixth International Marine Debris Conference, a session was dedicated to the tools and constraints in monitoring interactions between litter and megafauna. In the present paper, we summarize 7 case studies which discuss entanglement and ingestion including macro- and micro-debris in several taxa and across multiple geographic regions. We then discusses the importance of tools and standardizing methods for assessment and management purposes, in the context of international environmental policies and marine litter strategies.

Published
2019

8. Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification

Author

Dan Rittschof, Carolyn Doherty, Ruben van Hooidonk, Lisa Suatoni, Chris Langdon, Josh E. Cinner, Linwood Pendleton, Dwight K. Gledhill, Rosimeiry Portela, Sarah R. Cooley, Katharine F. Wellman, Luke Brander, George G. Waldbusser, Michael W. Beck, Jessica Ritter, Peter E. T. Edwards, Julia A. Ekstrom, Ocean conservancy Washington, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Duke University Marine Laboratory, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), The Nature Conservancy, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Ocean Service (NOS), Conservation International, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VU University Amsterdam

Subjects
Vulnerability, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Acidification, Vulnerability assessment, Stakeholder, Policy making, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Adaptive management, Marine environment, Shellfish, Scope (project management), business.industry, Environmental resource management, Global change, Ocean acidification, 15. Life on land, United States, Earth system science, Carbon dioxide, Mollusca, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), Sustainability, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

cited By 56; International audience; Ocean acidification is a global, long-term problem whose ultimate solution requires carbon dioxide reduction at a scope and scale that will take decades to accomplish successfully. Until that is achieved, feasible and locally relevant adaptation and mitigation measures are needed. To help to prioritize societal responses to ocean acidification, we present a spatially explicit, multidisciplinary vulnerability analysis of coastal human communities in the United States. We focus our analysis on shelled mollusc harvests, which are likely to be harmed by ocean acidification. Our results highlight US regions most vulnerable to ocean acidification (and why), important knowledge and information gaps, and opportunities to adapt through local actions. The research illustrates the benefits of integrating natural and social sciences to identify actions and other opportunities while policy, stakeholders and scientists are still in relatively early stages of developing research plans and responses to ocean acidification.

Published
2015

9. Measuring the human ‘so what’ of large-scale coral reef loss?

Author

Peter Edwards, Linwood Pendleton, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scale (ratio), Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Scenario analysis, Human consequences, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Large scale coral reef loss, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean acidification, Global change, Coral reef, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Coral damage, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract

The recent mass-bleaching events, as horrible and shocking as they were, provided a natural experiment for us to understand how coral reefs and people might be affected by large-scale global change...

Published
2017

10. First report of goniodomin A production by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax developing in southern Mediterranean (Bizerte Lagoon, Tunisia)

Author

Nicolas Chomérat, Ons Kéfi Daly-Yahia, Peter D. R. Moeller, Mohamed Laabir, Habiba Zmerli Triki, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mediterranean climate, Morphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Goniodomin A, Biology, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Mediterranean sea, Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phylogenetics, Botany, medicine, Animals, Bioassay, 14. Life underwater, Phylogeny, Molecular Structure, Toxin, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Dinoflagellate, biology.organism_classification, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Pituitary Gland, Dinoflagellida, Macrolides, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ethers
Abstract

International audience; The dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax is widely distributed around the world including the Mediterranean waters. The objectives of this study were to determine the morphology and phylogenic affiliation of A. pseudogonyaulax strain isolated from Bizerte Lagoon (Mediterranean waters, Tunisia) and investigate its toxicity. Molecular analyses confirmed the morphological identification of the isolated strain (APBZ12) as A. pseudogonyaulax. Moreover, it showed that it is 100% identical with strains of this species found in New Zealand, Japan, China and North Sea (Norway and Denmark) suggesting that this species is cosmopolitan. Until now, no toxin studies have been conducted on fully characterized (morphologically and molecularly) A. pseudogonyaulax. Cellular toxin production was determined using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Results showed for the first time that A. pseudogonyaulax contains goniodomin A (GDA), a highly toxic macrolide polyether previously shown to be produced by two other dinoflagellate species Alexandrium monilatum (Hsia et al., 2006) and Alexandrium hiranoi (erroneously identified as A. pseudogonyaulax in Murakami et al., 1988) in American and Japanese waters, respectively. This biologically active toxin has been associated over decades with fish mortality. Our study showed that the cell extracts of APBZ12 showed an important bioactivity using GH4C1 rat pituitary cytotoxicity bioassay.

Published
2016

11. The occurrence of mtDNA heteroplasmy in multiple cetacean species

Author

Patricia E. Rosel, Amélia Viricel, M. Katherine Moore, Nicole L. Vollmer, Lynsey A. Wilcox, University of Louisiana, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Ocean Service (NOS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Molecular Sequence Data, Population genetics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, mtDNA control region, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Phylogenetic tree, Base Sequence, Cytochrome b, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], General Medicine, Cytochromes b, Heteroplasmy, Cetacea, Sequence Alignment
Abstract

In population genetics and phylogenetic studies, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is commonly used for examining differences both between and within groups of individuals. For these studies, correct interpretation of every nucleotide position is crucial but can be complicated by the presence of ambiguous bases resulting from heteroplasmy. Particularly for non-model taxa, the presence of heteroplasmy in mtDNA is rarely reported, therefore, it is unclear how commonly it occurs and how it can affect phylogenetic relationships among taxa and the overall understanding of evolutionary processes. We examined the occurrence of both site and length heteroplasmy within the mtDNA of ten marine mammal species, for most of which mtDNA heteroplasmy has never been reported. After sequencing a portion of the mtDNA control region for 5,062 individuals, we found heteroplasmy in at least 2% of individuals from seven species, including Stenella frontalis where 58.9% were heteroplasmic. We verified the presence of true heteroplasmy, ruling out artifacts from amplification and sequencing methods and the presence of nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes. We found no evidence that mtDNA heteroplasmy influenced phylogenetic relationships, however, its occurrence does have the potential to increase the genetic diversity for all species in which it is found. This study stresses the importance of both detecting and reporting the occurrence of heteroplasmy in wild populations in order to enhance the knowledge of both the introduction and the persistence of mutant mitochondrial haplotypes in the evolutionary process.

Published
2010

12. Land use and the spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds as measured in the plasma of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Author

Patricia A. Fair, Derek C. G. Muir, Gregory D. Bossart, Magali Houde, Todd Speakman, Jeffrey D. Adams, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Division of Marine Mammal Research and Conservation, and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Marsh, Cetacea, Wetland, Land cover, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural land, Animals, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Fluorocarbons, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Life Sciences, Estuary, General Medicine, Bottlenose dolphin, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Environmental science, Decanoic Acids, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

The distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the environment is well documented with higher concentrations observed in wildlife located in industrial and urban areas. This study examined the distribution of PFCs in relation to land use using blood samples collected from bottlenose dolphins during capture-release health assessment surveys conducted in Charleston, SC. The study area was partitioned into three subareas (ACW, CHS, and SRE) based upon habitat and land use characteristics. The ACW and CHS subareas are characterized by high degrees of industrial and urban land uses, while the SRE subarea is more residential and characterized by a lower degree of developed land use. Long-term monitoring data from photo-identification surveys were used to group bottlenose dolphins based on their proportions of sightings in the different subareas. Dolphins affiliated with both the ACW and CHS subareas were observed to have significantly higher mean plasma concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) than those affiliated with the SRE subarea. Dolphins affiliated with the ACW subarea were found to have a significantly higher mean plasma concentration of PFUnA than those affiliated with the CHS subarea. Further examination of the distribution of the PFCs revealed positive correlations with developed land uses and negative correlations with wetland/marsh land cover. A positive correlation was also observed between PFUnA and agricultural land use. The variability and scale of the observed contaminant burdens have important implications for the conservation and management of living marine resources and illustrates the importance of long-term monitoring of free-ranging wildlife species.

Published
2008

13. Distribution of DDT and other persistent organic contaminants in Canyons and on the continental shelf off the central California coast

Author

S. Ian Hartwell, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Submarine canyon, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, California, DDT, Water Movements, 14. Life underwater, Sedimentary budget, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Canyon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, Sediment, Life Sciences, General Medicine, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Environmental Pollutants, Sediment transport, Bay, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Sediment samples were collected to delineate the distribution of contaminants along the central California coast. Sampling included a variety of Canyons and shelf/slope areas to evaluate contaminant transport patterns and potential delivery to Canyons and the continental slope to a depth of 1200 m. Sediments were collected and analyzed for organic contaminants using standard techniques of the NOAA National Status and Trends Program (NS&T). DDT is distributed on the shelf within a zone of fine-grained sediments between Half Moon and Monterey Bays. DDT was found at higher concentrations in Ascension, Ano Nuevo, and Monterey/Soquel Canyons than in Pioneer and Carmel Canyons, the Gulf of the Farallones, or the continental slope. The Monterey Bay watershed appears to be the primary source of DDT. In contrast, PAHs and PCBs on the shelf appear to be derived primarily from San Francisco Bay. DDT appears to be delivered to the deep ocean via the Canyons more than from cross-shelf sediment transport. Sediment budget estimates for the continental shelf north of Monterey Bay need further refinement and more data to account for the movement of material from Monterey Bay onto the shelf.

Published
2006

14. Assessing relative resilience potential of coral reefs to inform management

Author

Serge Planes, Steven Johnson, Jeffrey Maynard, Steven C. McKagan, Elizabeth Mcleod, Peter Houk, Laurie J. Raymundo, Scott F. Heron, Matt Kendall, Dieter Tracey, Gabby N. Ahmadia, Ruben van Hooidonk, Gareth J. Williams, Lyza Johnston, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), SymbioSeas, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Bureau of Environmental and Coastal Quality, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), WWF, Macaulay Institute, School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), National Ocean Service (NOS), Marine Geophysical Laboratory, James Cook University (JCU), NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Coral Reef Watch, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], The Nature Conservancy, Inconnu, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Coral reefs, Environmental management, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vulnerability, 01 natural sciences, Ecological resilience, Climate change, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Resilience (network), Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Spatial planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, geography, Connectivity, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Coral reef, Fisheries management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; Ecological resilience assessments are an important part of resilience-based management (RBM) and can help prioritize and target management actions. Use of such assessments has been limited due to a lack of clear guidance on the assessment process. This study builds on the latest scientific advances in RBM to provide that guidance from a resilience assessment undertaken in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). We assessed spatial variation in ecological resilience potential at 78 forereef sites near the populated islands of the CNMI: Saipan, Tinian/Aguijan, and Rota. The assessments are based on measuring indicators of resilience processes and are combined with information on anthropogenic stress and larval connectivity. We find great spatial variation in relative resilience potential with many high resilience sites near Saipan (5 of 7) and low resilience sites near Rota (7 of 9). Criteria were developed to identify priority sites for six types of management actions (e.g., conservation, land-based sources of pollution reduction, and fishery management and enforcement) and 51 of the 78 sites met at least one of the sets of criteria. The connectivity simulations developed indicate that Tinian and Aguijan are each roughly 10 × the larvae source that Rota is and twice as frequent a destination. These results may explain the lower relative resilience potential of Rota reefs and indicates that actions in Saipan and Tinian/Aguijan will be important to maintaining supply of larvae. The process we describe for undertaking resilience assessments can be tailored for use in coral reef areas globally and applied to other ecosystems.

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15. Characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus isolates from clinical and environmental sources.

Author

Dickerson J Jr, Gooch-Moore J, Jacobs JM, and Mott JB

Subjects
Animals, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Fermentation, Gene Expression, Humans, Mannitol metabolism, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Seafood microbiology, Shellfish microbiology, United States, Vibrio Infections microbiology, Vibrio Infections pathology, Vibrio vulnificus isolation & purification, Virulence, Water Microbiology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Vibrio Infections diagnosis, Vibrio vulnificus genetics, Vibrio vulnificus pathogenicity
Abstract

Researchers have developed multiple methods to characterize clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus. The aim of our study was to use four assays to detect virulence factors in strains from infected patients and those from surface waters/sediments/oysters of South Carolina and the Gulf of Mexico. Vibrio vulnificus strains from clinical (n = 81) and environmental (n = 171) sources were tested using three real-time PCR methods designed to detect polymorphisms in the 16S rRNA, vcg and pilF genes and a phenotypic method, the ability to ferment D-mannitol. Although none of the tests correctly categorized all isolates, the differentiation between clinical and environmental isolates was similar for the pilF, vcgC/E and 16S rRNA assays, with sensitivities of 74.1-79.2% and specificities of 77.4-82.7%. The pilF and vcgC/E assays are comparable in efficacy to the widely used 16S rRNA method, while the D-mannitol fermentation test is less discriminatory (sensitivity = 77.8%, specificity = 61.4%). Overall percent agreement for the D-mannitol fermentation method was also lower (66.7%) than overall percent agreement for the 3 molecular assays (78.0%-80.2%). This study demonstrated, using a large, diverse group of Vibrio vulnificus isolates, that three assays could be used to distinguish most clinical vs environmental isolates; however, additional assays are needed to increase accuracy., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2021
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16. Recreational swimmers' exposure to Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA.

Author

Shaw KS, Sapkota AR, Jacobs JM, He X, and Crump BC

Subjects
Bays, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Maryland, Salinity, Temperature, Swimming, Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolation & purification, Vibrio vulnificus isolation & purification, Water Microbiology
Abstract

Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are ubiquitous in the marine-estuarine environment, but the magnitude of human non-ingestion exposure to these waterborne pathogens is largely unknown. We evaluated the magnitude of dermal exposure to V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus among swimmers recreating in Vibrio-populated waters by conducting swim studies at four swimming locations in the Chesapeake Bay in 2009 and 2011. Volunteers (n=31) swam for set time periods, and surface water (n=25) and handwash (n=250) samples were collected. Samples were analyzed for Vibrio concentrations using quantitative PCR. Linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate factors associated with recreational exposures. Mean surface water V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus concentrations were 1128CFUmL(-1) (95% confidence interval (CI): 665.6, 1591.4) and 18CFUmL(-1) (95% CI: 9.8, 26.1), respectively, across all sampling locations. Mean Vibrio concentrations in handwash samples (V. vulnificus, 180CFUcm(-2) (95% CI: 136.6, 222.5); V. parahaemolyticus, 3CFUcm(-2) (95% CI: 2.4, 3.7)) were significantly associated with Vibrio concentrations in surface water (V. vulnificus, p<0.01; V. parahaemolyticus, p<0.01), but not with salinity or temperature (V. vulnificus, p=0.52, p=0.17; V. parahaemolyticus, p=0.82, p=0.06). Handwashing reduced V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus on subjects' hands by approximately one log (93.9%, 89.4%, respectively). It can be concluded that when Chesapeake Bay surface waters are characterized by elevated concentrations of Vibrio, swimmers and individuals working in those waters could experience significant dermal exposures to V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, increasing their risk of infection., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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17. Snapshot of Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in open and closed shellfish beds in Coastal South Carolina and Mississippi.

Author

Moore JG, Ruple A, Ballenger-Bass K, Bell S, Pennington PL, and Scott GI

Subjects
Animals, Colony Count, Microbial, Mississippi, Ostreidae microbiology, Salinity, Seafood microbiology, South Carolina, Environmental Monitoring, Shellfish microbiology, Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth & development, Water Microbiology
Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram negative, halophilic bacterium that is ubiquitous in warm, tropical waters throughout the world. It is a major cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis and is generally associated with consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially oysters. This study presents a snapshot of total V. parahaemolyticus densities in surface waters and shellstock American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from open and closed shellfish harvesting areas, as well as "more rural areas" on two different US coasts, the Atlantic and the Gulf. Sampling was conducted from 2001 to 2003 at five sites near Charleston/Georgetown, SC and at four locations in the Gulfport/Pascagoula, MS area. V. parahaemolyticus numbers were determined by a direct plating method using an alkaline-phosphatase-labeled DNA probe targeting the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh) that was used for identification of bacterial isolates. The greatest difference between the two coasts was salinity; mean salinity in SC surface waters was 32.9 ppt, whereas the mean salinity in MS waters was 19.2 ppt, indicating more freshwater input into MS shellfish harvesting areas during the study period. The mean V. parahaemolyticus numbers in oysters were almost identical between the two states (567.4 vs. 560.1 CFU/g). Bacterial numbers in the majority of surface water samples from both states were at or below the limit of detection (LOD = <10 CFU/mL). The bacterial concentrations determined during this study predict a low public health risk from consumption of oysters in shellfish growing areas on either the Gulf or the Atlantic US coast.

Published
2014
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18. Forensic identification of seal oils using lipid profiles and statistical models.

Author

Broadwater MH, Seaborn GT, and Schwacke JH

Subjects
Animals, Chromatography, Gas, Chromatography, Liquid, Conservation of Natural Resources, Fish Oils chemistry, Humans, Mass Spectrometry, Models, Statistical, Multivariate Analysis, Species Specificity, Adipose Tissue chemistry, Fatty Acids analysis, Oils chemistry, Seals, Earless, Triglycerides analysis
Abstract

Seal blubber oils are used as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Canada but prohibited in the United States and (FA) European Union. Thus, a reliable method is needed to identify oils originating from seals versus fish. Two lipid profiling methods, fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography and triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, were applied with statistical models to discriminate commercial oils and blubber samples harvested from marine fish and seals. Significant differences were observed among FA profiles, and seal samples differed from each of the fish oils (p ≤ 0.001). FA and TAG profiles were used to discriminate sample groups using a random forest classifier; all samples were classified correctly as seals versus fish using both methods. We propose a two-step method for the accurate identification of seal oils, with preliminary identification based on FA profile analysis and confirmation with TAG profiles., (© 2012 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.)

Published
2013
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19. Influence of nutritional state on the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis.

Author

Jacobs JM, Rhodes MR, Baya A, Reimschuessel R, Townsend H, and Harrell RM

Subjects
Animal Feed, Animals, Diet veterinary, Energy Metabolism, Erythrocyte Count, Fish Diseases blood, Fish Diseases pathology, Heart microbiology, Kidney microbiology, Leukocyte Count, Liver microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous blood, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology, Spleen microbiology, Spleen pathology, Time Factors, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena physiology, Bass, Fish Diseases microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous veterinary, Mycobacterium marinum
Abstract

Challenge studies with Mycobacterium marinum clearly demonstrate that a poor diet affects the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis. Fish (n = 512 total, wt = 65 +/- 15 g) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1) body weigth (BW) or a physiological saline solution (controls) and evaluated for 8 mo. Inoculated fish fed a low-ration diet (0.15% BW d(-1)) developed a severe, systemic infection characterized by a high bacterial load (>10(8) CFU g(-1) spleen) and poor granuloma formation, which commonly progressed to mortality by 6 wk. In contrast, inoculated fish fed an adequate ration diet (1% BW d(-1)) developed classic granulomatous inflammation of reduced severity and total body energy similar to that found in uninoculated controls (p > 0.05). After 4 wk, fish fed adequate rations maintained an equilibrium state throughout the study period, even though 10(6) CFU g(-1) spleen mycobacteria were consistently cultured. In a second study, reactivation of an acute inflammatory state was demonstrated by placing previously infected fish on reducing diets (0.073% BW d(-1)). In both studies, the energetic demand of this disease was only appreciable when associated with active, severe, inflammatory states. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the interaction of diet and mycobacteriosis in fish.

Published
2009
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20. The use of geographic information systems as a forensic tool to investigate sources of marine mammal entanglement in fisheries.

Author

Burdett LG, Adams JD, and McFee WE

Subjects
Animals, Cetacea injuries, Ecosystem, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Fisheries, Forensic Sciences methods, Geographic Information Systems, Mammals injuries, Skin injuries
Abstract

Commercial fisheries represent a significant anthropogenic threat to marine mammal survival. Causes of marine mammal mortality are commonly determined by detailed necropsies of stranded carcasses. Gross evidence of entanglement in a fishery might include gear attached to the body, internal indications of asphyxiation and trauma, or gear markings on the epidermis. As gear is often fishery-specific, wound patterns on the epidermis that are created by entanglements in fishing gear may serve to identify possible sources of mortality. For this study, tools within the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ArcMap GIS software were used to create maps that outline impressions that fishing gear can leave on the epidermis of entangled marine mammals. These maps can subsequently be used to identify possible sources of fishery entanglement for the many marine mammals that wash ashore without gear attached to their carcass. Entanglement wound patterns can be visually compared with fishing gear characteristics; however, differences in scale and image quality can introduce subjectivity that might hinder source identification. The technique described herein provides an objective way to outline the unique characteristics of fishing gear and their associated wounds on entangled marine mammals. Additionally, spatial relationships are preserved as the maps are adjusted to varying scales. Whereas the initial protocol required time-consuming digitization of the outline and visual determination of the pattern interface, this new, semiautomated technique saves analyst effort and minimizes error.

Published
2007
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