Author: "National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)"' showing total 113 results

Start Over Author "National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)"

113 results on '"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)"'

1. Explainable artificial intelligence for cybersecurity: a literature survey

Author: Fabien Charmet, Harry Chandra Tanuwidjaja, Solayman Ayoubi, Pierre-François Gimenez, Yufei Han, Houda Jmila, Gregory Blanc, Takeshi Takahashi, Zonghua Zhang, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), SIMulating and Building IOT (SIMBIOT), Department of Networks, Systems and Services (LORIA - NSS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CentraleSupélec [campus de Rennes], Sécurité et Confiance Numérique (SCN-SAMOVAR), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Département Réseaux et Services de Télécommunications (TSP - RST), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Mathematical and Algorithmic Science Lab, France Research Center, Huawei Technologies, and Huawei Technologies France [Boulogne-Billancourt]
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: With the extensive application of deep learning (DL) algorithms in recent years, e.g., for detecting Android malware or vulnerable source code, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly becoming essential in the development of cybersecurity solutions. However, sharing the same fundamental limitation with other DL application domains, such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP), AI-based cybersecurity solutions are incapable of justifying the results (ranging from detection and prediction to reasoning and decision-making) and making them understandable to humans. Consequently, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a paramount topic addressing the related challenges of making AI models explainable or interpretable to human users. It is particularly relevant in cybersecurity domain, in that XAI may allow security operators, who are overwhelmed with tens of thousands of security alerts per day (most of which are false positives), to better assess the potential threats and reduce alert fatigue. We conduct an extensive literature review on the intersection between XAI and cybersecurity. Particularly, we investigate the existing literature from two perspectives: the applications of XAI to cybersecurity (e.g., intrusion detection, malware classification), and the security of XAI (e.g., attacks on XAI pipelines, potential countermeasures). We characterize the security of XAI with several security properties that have been discussed in the literature. We also formulate open questions that are either unanswered or insufficiently addressed in the literature, and discuss future directions of research.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Calculated Epithelial/Absorbed Power Density for Exposure From Antennas at 10-90 GHz: Intercomparison Study Using a Planar Skin Model

Author: Kun Li, Sachiko Kodera, Dragan Poljak, Yinliang Diao, Kensuke Sasaki, Anna Susnjara, Alexander Prokop, Kenji Taguchi, Jingtian Xi, Shuai Zhang, Ming Yao, Giulia Sacco, Maxim Zhadobov, Walid El Hajj, Akimasa Hirata, Kagawa University [Japan], Nagoya Institute of Technology (NIT), University of Split, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Dassault Systèmes, Kitami Institute of Technology, Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and Intel France [Meudon]
Subjects: epithelial/absorbed power density, millimeter wave exposure, standardization, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Computer Science, electromagnetic field, skin model, dosimetry modeling, General Engineering, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dosimetry modeling
Abstract: International audience; International organizations have collaborated to revise standards and guidelines for human protection from exposure to electromagnetic fields. In the frequency range of 6-300 GHz, the permissible spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power density, which is primarily derived from thermal modeling, is considered as the basic restriction. However, for the averaging methods of the epithelial/absorbed power density inside human tissues, only a few groups have presented calculated results obtained using different exposure conditions and numerical methods. Because experimental validation is extremely difficult in this frequency range, this paper presents the first intercomparison study of the calculated epithelial/absorbed power density inside a human body model exposed to different frequency sources ranging from 10-90 GHz. This intercomparison aims to clarify the difference in the calculated results caused by different numerical electromagnetic methods in dosimetry analysis from 11 research groups using planar skin models. To reduce the comparison variances caused by various key parameters, computational conditions (e.g., the antenna type, dimensions, and dielectric properties of the skin models) were unified. The results indicate that the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) of the peak spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power densities for one- and three-layer skin models are less than 17.49% and 17.39%, respectively, when using a dipole antenna as the exposure source. For the dipole array antenna, the corresponding maximum RSD increases to 32.49% and 42.55%, respectively. Under the considered exposure scenarios, the RSD in the spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power densities decrease from 42.55% to 16.7% when the frequency is increased from 10-90 GHz. Furthermore, the deviation from the two equations recommended by the exposure guidelines for deriving the spatially averaged epithelial/absorptive power density is mostly within 1 dB. The fair agreement in the intercomparison results demonstrates that the variances of the spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power densities calculated using planar skin models are marginal.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Comparison between IRI-2012, IRI-2016 models and F2 peak parameters in two stations of the EIA in Vietnam during different solar activity periods

Author: Ngoc Luong Thi, Thanh Le Truong, Minh Le Huy, Hung Luu Viet, Hong Pham Thi Thu, Christine Amory Mazaudier, Kornyanat Hozumi, Dung Nguyen Thanh, Institute of Geophysics [Hanoi], Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology [Hanoi] (GUST), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology and Education, and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aerospace Engineering, Trough (economics), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, solar activity, International Reference Ionosphere, equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), 0103 physical sciences, Solstice, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Ionogram, ionogram, food and beverages, Astronomy and Astrophysics, IRI model, Geophysics, Critical frequency, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Solar Activities, hmF2, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Crest, foF2
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents observations of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) and height (hmF2) obtained at Phu Thuy (21.03°N, 105.95°E) and Bac Lieu (9.28°N, 105.73°E) observatories in Vietnam. The data have been examined for all seasons, during high and low solar activities, and compared with the foF2 and hmF2 of the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-2012, IRI-2016 two options: AMTB, SHU). Phu Thuy observatory is located at the Northern Crest of the EIA and Bac Lieu in the trough of the EIA, therefore the foF2 values at Phu Thuy are higher than at Bac Lieu. The results show that the IRI-2012 model estimates well the observed foF2 at both stations during high and low solar activities.During high solar activity, models estimate well the calculated hmF2 in summer for both stations. At Phu Thuy in equinoxes AMTB reproduces the night peak better than IRI-2012 and SHU, but higher and later about 2-3 hours, in winter the performance of AMTB is worst. At Bac Lieu, the IRI-2016 options reproduce the night peak and underestimates it, but IRI-2012 does not do it. The pre-noon peaks are underestimated by all the models, except IRI-2012 which overestimates the hmF2 pre-noon peaks at Bac Lieu. At Phu Thuy the pre-noon hmF2 peak is higher than the post-dusk one. At Bac Lieu the post-dusk peak is higher except in summer.During low solar activity, the IRI models estimate relatively well the shape of the calculated hmF2 at both stations. The IRI-2012 models explained better the observed foF2 (deviation of 2.5%) during solstices than during equinoxes (14.2%) for high solar activity. The IRI-2012 model explained better the observed foF2 in spring (7.8%) than in autumn (19.9%), matched better the calculated hmF2 in solstice (5.4%) than during equinoxes (11.8%).The performance of AMTB is worst at both stations for both the high and low solar activity periods except in autumn at Bac Lieu for the low solar year. IRI-2012 is best at the stations for both high and low solar activity periods, except in summer for the high solar activiy year when SHU is the best at Phu Thuy. These results can be used to improve the future IRI model.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. A Case for Electron-Astrophysics

Author: Satoshi Kasahara, Julia E. Stawarz, Thierry Dudok de Wit, Daniel Told, Yuri V. Khotyaintsev, Christopher S. Reynolds, Stepan Stverak, Bennett A. Maruca, David Burgess, Milan Maksimovic, Jiansen He, Owen Roberts, Joachim Saur, Robert T. Wicks, Benoit Lavraud, Shinji Saito, Olga Alexandrova, Luca Franci, Sergio Servidio, Ferdinand Plaschke, Katja Klein, Raffaella D'Amicis, Pierre Henri, Chadi S. Salem, Christopher H. K. Chen, Johan De Keyser, Daniel Verscharen, Fouad Sahraoui, Roberto Bruno, Stefaan Poedts, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Universités-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of New Hampshire (UNH), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), School of Earth and Space Sciences [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institutet för Rymdfysik, University of Arizona, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware [Newark], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Centre for Mathematical Plasma-Astrophysics [Leuven] (CmPA), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Max Planck Institute for Plasma physics (IPP-MPG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Verscharen, Daniel [0000-0002-0497-1096], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Field (physics), F300, FOS: Physical sciences, Electrons, F500, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, F900, Physics - Space Physics, Voyage 2050, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, space missions, Dissipation, plasma astrophysics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Computational physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), space plasma, Solar wind, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, solar wind, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysical plasma, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: A grand-challenge problem at the forefront of physics is to understand how energy is transported and transformed in plasmas. This fundamental research priority encapsulates the conversion of plasma-flow and electromagnetic energies into particle energy, either as heat or some other form of energisation. The smallest characteristic scales, at which electron dynamics determines the plasma behaviour, are the next frontier in space and astrophysical plasma research. The analysis of astrophysical processes at these scales lies at the heart of the field of electron-astrophysics. Electron scales are the ultimate bottleneck for dissipation of plasma turbulence, which is a fundamental process not understood in the electron-kinetic regime. Since electrons are the most numerous and most mobile plasma species in fully ionised plasmas and are strongly guided by the magnetic field, their thermal properties couple very efficiently to global plasma dynamics and thermodynamics., Comment: White Paper for the Voyage 2050 Long-Term Plan in the ESA Science Programme; 27 pages
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Automated Multi-Dataset Analysis (AMDA): An on-line database and analysis tool for heliospheric and planetary plasma data

Author: D. Heulet, B. Renard, Ronan Modolo, Benjamin Grison, A. Jeandet, D. Boucon, C. Jacquey, H. Si Hadj Mohand, Frederic Pitout, Philippe Garnier, N. Bourrel, M. Ganfloff, Baptiste Cecconi, Benoit Lavraud, I. Plotnikov, Vincent Génot, N. Jourdane, F. Cabrolie, N. Aunai, Chihiro Tao, E. Budnik, Joelle Durand, B. Besson, N. André, N. Dufourg, N. Lormant, R. Hitier, M. Bouchemit, Q. Brzustowski, Andrei Fedorov, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), NOVELTIS [Sté], AKKA Technologies, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GFI Informatique, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: User Friendly, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Computer science, Interoperability, Astronomy and Astrophysics, interoperability, 01 natural sciences, Data science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Variety (cybernetics), Database, Task (computing), Heliophysics, analysis tool, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, space plasmas, Key (cryptography), Use case, Line (text file), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Accessing, visualizing and analyzing heterogeneous plasma datasets has always been a tedious task that hindered students and senior researchers as well. Offering user friendly and versatile tools to perform basic research tasks is therefore pivotal for data centres including the Centre de Données de la Physique des Plasmas (CDPP http://www.cdpp.eu/) which holds a large variety of plasma data from various Earth, planetary and heliophysics missions and observatories in plasma physics. This clearly helps gaining increased attention, relevant feedback, and enhanced science return on data. These are the key ideas that crystallized at CDPP more than 15 years ago and resulted in the lay-out of the concepts, and then development, of AMDA, the Automated Multi-Dataset Analysis software (http://amda.cdpp.eu/). This paper gives a description of the architecture of AMDA, describes its functionalities, presents some use cases taken from the literature or fruitful collaborations and shows how it offers unique capabilities for educational purposes.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. A broadband VLBI system using transportable stations for geodesy and metrology: an alternative approach to the VGOS concept

Author: Tetsuya Ido, Masanori Tsutsumi, Kunitaka Namba, Tomonari Suzuyama, Mamoru Sekido, Ken-ichi Watabe, Mauro Roma, Ryuichi Ichikawa, Julia Leute, Jun-ichi Komuro, Marco Pizzocaro, Federico Perini, Giuseppe Maccaferri, Gérard Petit, K. Takefuji, Claudio Bortolotti, H. Hachisu, Hideki Ujihara, Tetsuro Kondo, Eiji Kawai, Davide Calonico, Roberto Ricci, Monia Negusini, Nils Nemitz, Cecilia Clivati, Kashima Space Technology Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Shanghai Astronomical Observatory [Shanghai] (SHAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Istituto di Radioastronomia [Bologna] (IRA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE - SYRTE), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, FRA, and JPN
Subjects: Signal processing, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Metrology, Geophysics, Amplitude, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Sensitivity (control systems), Computers in Earth Sciences, Antenna (radio), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We have developed a broadband VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) system inspired by the concept of the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). The new broadband VLBI system was implemented in the Kashima 34 m antenna and in two transportable stations utilizing 2.4 m diameter antennas. The transportable stations have been developed as a tool for intercontinental frequency comparison but are equally useful for geodesy. To enable practical use of such small VLBI stations in intercontinental VLBI, we have developed the procedure of node-hub style VLBI: In joint observation with a large, high sensitivity ‘hub’ antenna, the closure delay relation provides a virtual delay observable between ‘node’ stations. This overcomes the limited sensitivity of the small diameter node antennas, while error sources associated with large diameter antennas, such as gravitational deformation and delay changes in necessarily long signal cables, are eliminated. We show that this scheme does not result in an increased sensitivity to radio source structure if one side of the baseline triangle is kept short. We have performed VLBI experiments utilizing this approach over both short range and intercontinental distance. This article describes the system components, signal processing procedure, experiment, and results in terms of baseline repeatability. Our measurements reveal signatures of structure effects in the correlation amplitude of several of the observed radio sources. We present a model of the frequency-dependent source size for 1928+738 derived from correlation amplitude data observed in four frequency bands.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Validation of ITU-R P.833-9 tree attenuation model for Land Mobile Satellite propagation channel at Ku/Ka band

Author: T. Kan, S. Rougerie, J. Israel, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales - Direction Des Lanceurs. (CNES), ONERA / DEMR, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), and GREC, christine
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Attenuation, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Directive antennas, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Tree (graph theory), [PHYS] Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Model tuning, Satellite antennas, SIMULATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Satellite, Ka band, Communication channel, Remote sensing, PROPAGATION ELECTROMAGNETIQUE
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a comparison between Rec. ITU-R P.833-9 ("slant path" section), versus measurements acquired by CNES and NICT at 20 and 18 GHz. Although several comparisons to measurements have been done between 1 and 3 GHz in previous works, we show here also a good agreement between Rec. ITU-R P.833-9 and the measurements at Ka band for satellite propagation channel, without excessive model tuning. The demonstration is done on isolated trees and long wooden road with an innovating fitting process.
Published: 2021

8. Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Ajit S. Puri, Allan Taylor, Huynh Le Vu, Tatemi Todaka, Teddy Y. Wu, Octavio M. Pontes-Neto, Eytan Raz, Pedro Lylyk, Jasmine Johann, Roberta Novakovic, Hormuzdiyar H. Dasenbrock, Francisco Mont’Alverne, Nobuyuki Sakai, Melanie Walker, Hugh Stephen Winters, Ossama Mansour, Yohei Takenobu, Gregory Walker, Miki Fujimura, Saif Bushnaq, Odysseas Kargiotis, Nabeel Herial, Markus A Möhlenbruch, Malveeka Sharma, Hiroshi Tokimura, Maxim Mokin, Jean Raymond, Michael D. Hill, Amal Abou-Hamden, Leonardo Renieri, Serdar Geyik, Yuri Sugiura, Luisa Fonseca, Roberto Crosa, Fabricio O Lima, Ameer E Hassan, Viet Quy Nguyen, Jane G. Morris, Steven W. Hetts, Jawad F. Kirmani, Matthew S. Tenser, Muhammad M. Qureshi, Gianmarco Bernava, Mahmoud H Mohammaden, Verónica V. Olavarría, Jun Deguchi, André Beer-Furlan, Steve M. Cordina, Hiroshi Yamagami, Mohamad Abdalkader, Toshiyuki Fujinaka, Clifford J. Eskey, Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann, Hao Zhang, Anirudh Kulkarni, Brendan Steinfort, Özlem Aykaç, Barbara Voetsch, Alex Brehm, Italo Linfante, Wenguo Huang, Omer Eker, M. Luis Silva, Pascal Jabbour, Lissa Peeling, Mollie McDermott, Pascale Lavoie, Kazutaka Sonoda, Thomas Devlin, Alicia C. Castonguay, Jin Soo Lee, Diogo C Haussen, Dileep R. Yavagal, Thanh N. Nguyen, Umair Rashid, Vasu Saini, Raghid Kikano, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Masaaki Uno, Saima Ahmad, Artem Kaliaev, Eiji Hagashi, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Romain Bourcier, Ryoo Yamamoto, Jesse M. Thon, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Dorothea Altschul, Achmad Fidaus Sani, Satoshi Yamada, Varsha Singh, David S Liebeskind, Tatsuo Amano, Anchalee Churojana, Juan F. Arenillas, Junichi Iida, Charles C. Matouk, Nobuyuki Ohara, Osama O. Zaidat, Mario Martínez-Galdámez, Chandril Chugh, Don Frei, Vanessa Chalumeau, Brijesh P Mehta, Marios Psychogios, Anna Luisa Kühn, Leticia C Rebello, Xianjin Shang, Hosam Al-Jehani, Hiroki Fukuda, Hong Gee Roh, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Rakesh Khatri, Kenichi Todo, Amal Al Hashmi, Alex Bou Chebl, Sunil A Sheth, Zhongming Qiu, Oriana Cornett, Zhengzhou Yuan, Wazim Izzath, Hesham Masoud, Rodrigo Rivera, Michel Piotin, Vikram Huded, Mamoru Murakami, Mohamed Teleb, Viktor Szeder, Ruchir Shah, Dheeraj Gandhi, John Thornton, Michael Chen, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Nadia Hammami, Alice Ma, Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, James E. Siegler, Seby John, Carlos Ynigo Lopez, Mudassir Farooqui, David Ozretić, Takuya Kanamaru, Romain Guile, Daisuke Watanabe, Kosuke Miyake, Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez, Patrick Nicholson, Yuki Yamamoto, William J. Mack, Naoto Kimura, Simon Mathew John, Robert Fahed, Yuji Matsumaru, David Y. Chung, Rishi Gupta, Ryuhei Kono, Michael Frankel, Victor S. Lopez Rivera, Johanna T. Fifi, Raul G Nogueira, Paolo Machi, Tudor G. Jovin, Jordi Blasco, Emma Griffin, Salvatore Mangiafico, Masafumi Morimoto, Jun Luo, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer, Daniel Giansante Abud, Syed I. Hussain, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Yusuke Sugimura, Atilla Özcan Özdemir, Stephan A. Mayer, Sumeet Multani, Adel Alhazzani, Alhamza R Al-Bayati, Michael Kelly, Lee A Birnbaum, Shadi Yaghi, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Ji Man Hong, Junsuke Shimbo, Johnny Ho-Yin Wong, Elena A. Cora, Laura Mechtouff, Pedro S.C. Magalhães, Pablo M. Lavados, Yuichi Murayama, Dong Hun Shin, Simon Nagel, Ken Wong, Jose Antonio Fiorot, Jeremy Payne, Randall C. Edgell, Adrienne Weeks, CarMeN, laboratoire, Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital [Japon] (NHO Osaka National Hospital), Alexandria University [Alexandrie], Boston Medical Center [Boston, MA, USA] (BMC), Xinqiao Hospital [Chongqing, China] (XH), University of Cape Town, La Sagrada Familia Clinic/Clínica La Sagrada Familia [Buenos Aires, Argentina] (LSFC), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Hospital General de Fortaleza [Fortaleza, Brazil] (HGF), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [UK], Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital [Kobe, Hyogo, Japan] (KCMCGH), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [Firenze, Toscana, Italy] (AOUC), University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Partenaires INRAE, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU de Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi [Abou Dabi, Émirats arabes unis], Hôpital de Beaumont [Dublin, Ireland] (HB), Hospital-Estadual Central [Vitoria, Brazil] (HEC), Instituto de NeuroCirugía Asenjo, Institut national de neurologie Mongi-Ben Hamida [Tunis], Hue Central Hospital [Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam] (HCH), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), University of Washington [Seattle], Englewood Hospital and Medical Center [Englewood], Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Westchester Medical Center [Valhalla, New York, USA] (WMC), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, MAX Superspecialty Hospital [Saket, New Delhi, India] (MSH), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Rush University Medical Center [Chicago], Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), University of Toronto, NH Mazumdar Shah Medical Center [Bangalore, India] (NHMSMC), IMS Tokyo-Katsushika General Hospital [Tokyo, Japan], Gachon University [Seongnam, Korea] (GU), Hospital Municipal Sao Jose [Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil] (HMSJ), Lau Medical Center [Beirut, Lebanon] (LMC), University of Iowa [Iowa City], Royal Adelaide Hospital [Adelaide Australia], Kyorin University [Tokyo, Japan], Yokohama Brain and Spine Center [Yokohama, Japan] (YBSC), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Rambam Health Care Campus [Haifa, Israel], Centro Endovascular Neurologico Medica Uruguaya [Montevideo, Uruguay] (CENMU), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University [Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia] (IAFU), McGovern Medical School [Houston, TX, USA] (McGMS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Airlangga University [Jawa Timur, Indonesia] (AU), University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Beth Israel Lahey Health [Burlington, MA, USA] (BILH), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Memorial Neuroscience Institute [Pembroke Pines, FL, USA] (MNI), Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital [Morioka, Iwate, Japan] (IPCH), Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital [Tokyo], Ajou University, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Saga-ken Medical Centre Koseikan [Saga, Japan] (SMCK), University of South Alabama, Konkuk University [Seoul], Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid [Castilla y León, Spain] (HCUV), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Hospital Clínic de Barcelona [Catalonia, Spain], Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João [Porto], Christchurch Hospital [Christchurch, New Zealand] (CH), University Hospital Basel [Basel], University of Southern California (USC), Kohnan Hospital - Sendai [Miyagi, Japan], University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Nara City Hospital [Nara, Japan] (NCH), Toyonaka Municipal Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (TMH), Kagoshima City Hospita [Kagoshima, Japan] (KCH), Texas Tech University System [Lubbock, TX, USA] (TTUS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital [Camperdown, Australia] (RPAH), Banner Desert Medical Center [Mesa, AZ, USA] (BDMC), Japanese Red Cross Matsue Hospital [Shimane, Japan] (JRCMH), Shiroyama Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (SH), Niigata City General Hospital [Niigata, Japan] (NCGH), Sugimura Hospital [Kumamoto, Japan] (SH), Kawasaki Medical School [Kurashiki, Japan] (KMS), Osaka Red Cross Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (ORCH), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Saiseikai Central Hospital [Tokyo, Japan] (SCH), Kinikyo Chuo Hospital - Sapporo [Hokkaido, Japan] (KCHS), NTT Medical Center Tokyo [Tokyo, Japan] (NTTMCT), Yokohama Shintoshi Neurosurgical Hospital [Yokohama, Japan]. (YSNH), Osaka General Medical Center [Osaka, Japan] (OGMC), University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Bon Secours Mercy Health System [Toledo, OH, USA] (BSMHS), Maoming City Hospital [Guandong, China] (MCH), Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute [Miami, FL, USA] (MC&VI), Hackensack University Medical Center [Hackensack], David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Tennessee [Chattanooga] (UTC), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Mianyang 404 Hospital [Sichuan, China] (M404H), Siriraj Hosital - Mahidol University [Bangkok, Thailand] (SHMU), SUNY Upstate Medical University, State University of New York (SUNY), Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley [Harlingen, TX, USA] (UTRGV), Khoula Hospital [Muscat, Oman] (Ministry of Health - KH), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Henry Ford Health System [Detroit, MI, USA] (HFHS), Metropolitan Hospital [Piraeus, Greece] (MH), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Maine Medical Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center [Lebanon, NH, USA] (DHMC), Centro Universitário Feevale (BRAZIL), The Valley Hospital [Ridgewood, NJ, USA] (TVH), St Joseph's University Medical Center [Paterson, NJ, USA] (StJUMC), Christian Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana [Punjab, India] (CMCHL), Universidad del Desarrollo, University Graduate School of Medicine [Osaka, Japan], Tokushima University, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Istanbul Aydin University [İstanbul, Turkey] (IAU), Swedish Medical Center [Englewood, CO, USA] (SMC), Bayhealth Medical Center [Dover, DE, USA] (BMC), Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital [Fukuoka, Japan] (SFGH), Osaka Rosai Hospital - Sakai [Osaka, Japan] (ORHS), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), Mount Sinai Health System, University of Calgary, Huzhou University [Zhejiang], The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Luzhou [Sichuan, China] (TAHSMUL), Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College [Wuhu, Anhui, China] (YHWMC), University of Toledo, WellStar Health System [Marietta, GA, USA] (WHS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), SVIN COVID-19 Registry, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO), Japanese Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Society (JVIN), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Yale University School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* / diagnostic imaging, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Intracranial Aneurysm* / therapy, lcsh:RC346-429, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Stroke, Original Research, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Treatment Outcome, Intracranial Aneurysm* / diagnostic imaging, Cardiology, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, haemorrhage, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Subgroup analysis, subarachnoid, Intracranial Aneurysm* / epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Aneurysm, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, coil, cardiovascular diseases, Pandemics, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Intracranial Aneurysm, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, infection, nervous system diseases, Mechanical thrombectomy, Cross-Sectional Studies, aneurysm, Neurology (clinical), Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* / epidemiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH, aneurysmal SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1 year and immediately before) and during the pandemic, defined as 1 March–31 May 2020. The prior 1-year control period (1 March–31 May 2019) was obtained to account for seasonal variation.FindingsThere was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations, with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a relative decline of 22.5% (95% CI −24.3% to −20.7%, pInterpretationThere was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations, aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies, such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Photonics-based Near-field Measurement and Far-field Characterization for 300-GHz Band Antenna Testing

Author: Yusuke Tanaka, Guillaume Ducournau, Cybelle Belem-Goncalves, Frederic Gianesello, Cyril Luxey, Issei Watanabe, Akihiko Hirata, Norihiko Sekine, Akifumi Kasamatsu, Shintaro Hisatake, Gifu University, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Photonique THz - IEMN (PHOTONIQUE THZ - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Laboratoire de Polytech Nice-Sophia (Polytech'Lab), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), The measurements conducted in Lille received support from IEMN UHD Flagship, SPATIOTERA ANR Project, MEL-I-site Teril-Waves, and DYDICO projects as well as CPERPhotonics for Society. 300 GHz characterization steps are also supported by the ITN Marie-Curie 'TERAOPTICS,' funded under the E.U. Horizon 2020., This work was supported in part by the Horizon 2020, the European Union’s Framework Program for Research and Innovation under Grant 814523.ThoR has also received funding from the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology in Japan., Laboratoire commun STMicroelectronics-IEMN T1, PCMP CHOP, ANR-19-CE24-0012,SPATIOTERA,Multiplexage SPATIal en gamme térahertz pour les cOmmunications sans fil à 1 TERAbit/s(2019), European Project: 956857,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2020,TERAOPTICS(2020), and European Project: 814523,H2020,H2020-EUJ-2018,ThoR (2018)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, planar scanning, Telecommunication, photonics technology, TK5101-6720, measurement, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 300 GHz, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: International audience; In this study, photonics-based near-field measurement and far-field characterization in a 300-GHz band are demonstrated using an electrooptic (EO) sensor with planar scanning. The field to be measured is up-converted to the optical domain (1550 nm) at the EO sensor and delivered to the measurement system with optical fiber. The typical phase drift of the system is 0.46° for the one-dimensional measurement time of 13 s, which is smaller than the standard deviation of the phase measurement of 1.2° for this time scale. The far-field patterns of a horn antenna calculated from the measured near-field distribution are compared with that measured with the direct far-field measurement system using a vector network analyzer. For the angular related parameters, the accuracy of the results obtained by our near-field measurement are comparable to that of those obtained by direct far-field measurements. The sidelobe level discrepancy (approximately 1 dB) between the results obtained based on our near-field measurement and those from the direct far-field measurements are attributed to the excess noise of the probe correction data. We believe that photonics-based near-field measurements with spherical EO probe scanning will pave the way for the characterization of high-gain antennas at the 300-GHz band.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Production and applications of non-Gaussian quantum states of light

Author: Lvovsky, A. I., Grangier, Philippe, Ourjoumtsev, Alexei, Parigi, Valentina, Sasaki, Masahide, Tualle-Brouri, Rosa, Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique Quantique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jeunes Équipes de l'Institut de Physique du Collège de France (JEIPCdF), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)
Subjects: Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: This review covers recent theoretical and experimental efforts to extend the application of the continuous-variable quantum technology of light beyond "Gaussian" quantum states, such as coherent and squeezed states, into the domain of "non-Gaussian" states with negative Wigner functions. Starting with basic Gaussian nonclassicality associated with single- and two-mode vacuum states produced by means of parametric down-conversion and applying a set of standard tools, such as linear interferometry, coherent state injection, and conditional homodyne and photon number measurements, one can implement a large variety of optical states and processes that are relevant in fundamental quantum physics as well as quantum optical information processing. We present a systematic review of these methods, paying attention to both fundamental and practical aspects of their implementation, as well as a comprehensive overview of the results achieved therewith.
Published: 2020

11. Transition between reciprocal activation and co-contraction during wrist posture control

Author: Ganesh, Gowrishankar, Melendez-Calderon, Alejandro, Haruno, Masahiko, Kawato, Mitsuo, Burdet, Etienne, Interactive Digital Humans (IDH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Bioengineering (London), Imperial College of Science, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Tamagawa University, Computational Neuroscience Laboratories (CNS), Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group [Kyoto] (BICR ATR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, and Gowrishankar, Ganesh
Subjects: [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience
Abstract: In daily life we perform numerous tasks which require position control against disturbances. We can counter these disturbances by opposing forces using reciprocal activation of muscles, or attenuate their effect by increasing the joint impedance using muscle co-contraction. Increasing impedance is the only possible strategy to minimize the effect of high frequency disturbances, while for low frequency disturbances either reciprocal activation or co-contraction (and hence increased impedance) may be used. We analyze here how the selection between reciprocal activation and co-contraction depends on the frequency and amplitude of a disturbance and how and the control strategy is modified. Our results indicate that with increase of disturbance frequency the reciprocal activation decreases and is gradually replaced by co-contraction. Co- contraction increases with the magnitude and frequency of reciprocal activation even when impedance increase does not directly help the task, suggesting that co-contraction is a pre- requisite for reciprocal activation control.
Published: 2020

12. Challenges in data and software management and sharing at the global level: the case of the PARSEC project

Author: David, Romain, Corrêa, Pedro, Edmunds, Rorie, Heredia, Ana, Mabile, Laurence, Machicao, Jeaneth, Murayama, Yasuhiro, O'Brien, Margaret, Santos, Solange, Specht, Alison, Stall, Shelley, Vellenich, Danton Ferreira, Wyborn, Lesley, European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA-AISBL), University of Sao Polo, World Data System International Program Office (WDS), Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), ORCID, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, American Geophysical Union, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Australian National University (ANU), PARSEC is funded by the Belmont Forum through the National Science Foundation (NSF), The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), the French National Research Agency (ANR), and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)., and RDA
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, citation, data sharing, synthesis science, interoperability, international complexity, [INFO.INFO-ET]Computer Science [cs]/Emerging Technologies [cs.ET], [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, software sharing
Abstract: In the PARSEC project, our team of data science experts are partnering with our multi-country synthesis science research team to build relevant tools and processes for better data and software management that integrate into the research lifecycle and are to be shared with the wider research community. This poster articulates the technology challenges prompted by the many aspects of team diversity and physical location as well as the cultural challenges where we seek better understanding and embrace the value of different team dynamics, methods of communication, and preference to research approach., This poster was presented at the Research Data Alliance Plenary 16 in Costa Rica
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Advances in security research in the Asiacrypt region

Author: Lynn Batten, Tzong-Chen Wu, Yu Yu, Henry B. Wolfe, Siu-Ming Yiu, Steven D. Galbraith, Bo-Yin Yang, Lucas Hui, Dingyi Pei, Mitsuru Matsui, Raphaël Cw Phan, Jian Guo, Ed Dawson, Duncan S. Wong, Huaxiong Wang, Dong Hoon Lee, Shiho Moriai, Kwangjo Kim, Xuejia Lai, Masayuki Abe, Duong Hieu Phan, Jianying Zhou, Tsutomu Matsumoto, Josef Pieprzyk, Jung Hee Cheon, Phong Q. Nguyen, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Deakin University [Burwood], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Department of Mathematics [Auckland], University of Auckland [Auckland], Nanayang Technological University (NTU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Korea University [Seoul], Yokohama National University, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Cybersécurité et Cryptographie (C2), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Centre for Advanced Computing - Algorithms and Cryptography (ACAC), Macquarie University, and Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], General Computer Science, Work (electrical), business.industry, 020204 information systems, Association (object-oriented programming), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Sociology, Public relations, business
Abstract: International audience; Members of the International Association for Cryptologic Research explore regional work and collaboration activities.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Efficient Pull-based Mobile Video Streaming leveraging In-Network Functions

Author: Indukala Naladala, Thierry Turletti, Hitoshi Asaeda, Kazuhisa Matsuzono, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), National Institute of Technology Karnataka [Surathkal] (NITK), Design, Implementation and Analysis of Networking Architectures (DIANA), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This work was supported by the bilateral program of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K20264, by the French government through the UCA JEDI (ANR-15-IDEX-01) and by the UHDon5G Associated Team between NICT and Inria., ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI (2016), and ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015)
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Content delivery, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Packet loss, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, The Internet, Quality of experience, Video streaming, business, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; There has been a considerable increase in the demand for high quality mobile video streaming services, while at the same time, the video traffic volume is expected to grow exponentially. Consequently, maintaining high quality of experience (QoE) and saving network resources are becoming crucial challenges to solve. In this paper, we propose a name-based mobile streaming scheme that allows efficient video content delivery by exploiting a smart pulling mechanism designed for information-centric networks (ICNs). The proposed mechanism enables fast packet loss recovery by leveraging in-network caching and coding. Through an experimental evaluation of our mechanism over an open wireless testbed and the Internet, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme leads to higher QoE levels than classical ICN and TCP-based streaming mechanisms.
Published: 2020

15. Saturn's Northern Aurorae at Solstice From HST Observations Coordinated With Cassini's Grand Finale

Author: Aikaterini Radioti, William S. Kurth, Wayne Pryor, Emma J. Bunce, P. Zarka, Renée Prangé, Baptiste Cecconi, Sarah V. Badman, Chihiro Tao, T. K. Kim, L. Lamy, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Lancaster University, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Central Arizona College, University of Leicester, Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute (STAR), Université de Liège, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), and Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Hubble space telescope, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Solstice, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Low latitude, Astronomy, Solar illumination, Solar wind, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Local time, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Geology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; Throughout 2017, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observed the northern far-ultraviolet aurorae of Saturn at northern solstice, during the Cassini Grand Finale. These conditions provided a complete viewing of the northern auroral region from Earth and a maximal solar illumination, expected to maximize the ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling. In this study, we analyze 24 HST images concurrently with Cassini measurements of Saturn's Kilometric Radiation and solar wind parameters predicted by two MHD models. The aurorae reveal highly variable components, down to timescales of minutes, radiating 7 to 124 +/-11 GW. They include a nightside-shifted main oval, unexpectedly frequent and bright cusp emissions and a dayside low latitude oval. On average, these emissions display a strong Local Time dependence with two maxima at dawn and pre-midnight, the latter being newly observed and attributed to nightside injections possibly associated with solstice conditions. These results provide a reference frame to analyze Cassini in situ measurements, whether simultaneous or not.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Threat Analysis of Poisoning Attack Against Ethereum Blockchain

Author: Teppei Sato, Mitsuyoshi Imamura, Kazumasa Omote, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Maryline Laurent, Thanassis Giannetsos, TC 11, and WG 11.2
Subjects: Cryptocurrency, Blockchain, Crypto assets, Smart contract, Poisoning attack, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Data space, 02 engineering and technology, Extension (predicate logic), Computer security, computer.software_genre, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Security, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Function (engineering), computer, Anonymity, media_common
Abstract: Part 4: Threats; International audience; In recent years, blockchain technology has witnessed remarkable developments in its application to crypto assets (cryptocurrency) considering not only function storing values but also extension of the smart contract and anonymity improvement. Ethereum is a blockchain that features the smart contract and there is a data space, where programs can be freely stored, on the blockchain. However, pollution of such data space can jeopardize the existence of Ethereum.In this study, we analyze the fact that the malicious files that are stored in the data space of Ethereum and discuss “blockchain poisoning attacks” that significantly contaminate the blockchains by embedding malicious data at a relatively lower cost. We try to tackle Ethereum-specific risks which are not mentioned in previous study. In addition, we empirically examine the possibility of a poisoning attack on a private blockchain network.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Dawn-dusk difference of periodic oxygen EUV dayglow variations at Venus observed by Hisaki

Author: Leblanc, Francois, Masunaga, Kei, Seki, Kanako, Terada, Naoki, Tsuchiya, Fuminori, Kimura, Tomoki, Yoshioka, Kazuo, Murakami, Go, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Tao, Chihiro, Yoshikawa, Ichiro, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center [Sendai] (PPARC), RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science [Wako] (RIKEN RNC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Complexity Science and Engineering [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Atmospheres, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Solar wind, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Flux, Venus, Astrophysics, Ultraviolet observations, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Eddy diffusion, Atmosphere, Atmosphere of Venus, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, biology, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Dynamics, Space and Planetary Science, Thermosphere
Abstract: 著者人数: 11名, Accepted: 2016-12-22, 資料番号: SA1160374000
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Activity in the dorsal ACC causes deterioration of sequential motor performance due to anxiety

Author: Masahiko Haruno, Gowrishankar Ganesh, Takehiro Minamoto, Joint Robotics Laboratory [France] (CNRS-AIST JRL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Interactive Digital Humans (IDH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Shimane University, and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Dorsum, Male, Performance Anxiety, Science, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, General Physics and Astronomy, Affect (psychology), behavioral disciplines and activities, Gyrus Cinguli, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sensorimotor processing, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, Anterior cingulate cortex, Motor skill, Emotion, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Chemistry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cognitive control, Anxiety, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], lcsh:Q, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Motor learning, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: Performance anxiety can profoundly affect motor performance, even in experts such as professional athletes and musicians. Previously, the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety-induced performance deterioration have predominantly been investigated for individual one-shot actions. Sports and music, however, are characterized by action sequences, where many individual actions are assembled to develop a performance. Here, utilizing a novel differential sequential motor learning paradigm, we first show that performance at the junctions between pre-learnt action sequences is particularly prone to anxiety. Next, utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we reveal that performance deterioration at the junctions is parametrically correlated with activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Finally, we show that 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dACC attenuates the performance deterioration at the junctions. These results demonstrate causality between dACC activity and impairment of sequential motor performance due to anxiety, and suggest new intervention techniques against the deterioration., Performance anxiety can impair motor skill, and even affect expert athletes and musicians. Here, the authors show that anxiety affects performance at the ‘junction’ between two well-learned action sequences, and that this affect is associated with activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. A Novel Carrier-Cooperation Scheme with an Incentive for Offering Emergency Lightpath Support in Disaster Recovery

Author: Sugang Xu, Naoki Miyata, Xiaocheng Zhang, Yoshinari Awaji, Masaki Shiraiwa, Noboru Yoshikane, Takehiro Tsuritani, Naoya Wada, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), KDDI Research, NTT Corporation, Anna Tzanakaki, Manos Varvarigos, Raul Muñoz, Reza Nejabati, Noboru Yoshikane, Markos Anastasopoulos, Johann Marquez-Barja, TC 6, and WG 6.10
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), Carrier cooperation, genetic structures, Computer science, business.industry, Disaster recovery, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Fast recovery, Emergency lightpath support, Network abstraction, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Incentive, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Confidentiality, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], business, Computer communication networks, computer, Computer network, computer.programming_language
Abstract: Part 1: Regular Papers; International audience; To achieve the fast recovery of optical transport networks following a disaster, we investigate a novel scheme to enable cooperation between carriers. Carriers can take advantage of their surviving or recovered optical resources to aid one another with emergency lightpath support to reduce efficiently the burden of recovery, which is heavy immediately after disasters. These lightpaths can be employed exclusively by the counterpart carriers to satisfy their highest priority traffic demands, such as safety confirmation and victim relief. In addition, we introduce an incentive to carriers to prompt cooperation. The carrier cooperation-planning problem is decomposed into eight tasks, and distributed to individual carriers and a third-party organization. During cooperation, the carriers’ confidential information can be strictly protected by employing a carrier optical network abstraction mechanism. The evaluation results reveal that our proposal can significantly reduce the burden on recovery and the corresponding cost for carriers, resulting in fast and efficient disaster recovery.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Randomized reference models for temporal networks

Author: Laetitia Gauvin, Mathieu Génois, Márton Karsai, Mikko Kivelä, Taro Takaguchi, Eugenio Valdano, Christian L. Vestergaard, Data Science Laboratory (ISI), ISI Foundation Institute for Scientific Interchange, CPT - E5 Physique statistique et systèmes complexes, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamic Networks : Temporal and Structural Capture Approach (DANTE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rhône-Alpin des systèmes complexes (IXXI), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut Rhône-Alpin des systèmes complexes (IXXI), Université de Lyon-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Aalto University School of Science and Technology, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Décision et processus Bayesiens / Decision and Bayesian Computation, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior [Los Angeles, Ca], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Décision et processus Bayesiens - Decision and Bayesian Computation, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), ANR-20-CE45-0021,SiNCoBe,Base structurelle du calcul neuronal et du comportement(2020), ANR-15-CE38-0011,SoSweet,Une sociolinguistique de Twitter : liens sociaux et variations linguistiques(2015), ANR-16-CE28-0013,DyLNet,Dynamiques langagières, apprentissages linguistiques et sociabilité à l'école maternelle : apport des capteurs de proximité pour le recueil de données massives(2016), ANR-12-MONU-0018,HarMS-flu,Approches multi-échelles pour la modélisation de la propagation de la grippe pilotée par les données.(2012), European Project: 317532,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-8,MULTIPLEX(2012), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Data Science Laboratory ( ISI ), Dynamic Networks : Temporal and Structural Capture Approach ( DANTE ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme ( LIP ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rhône-Alpin des systèmes complexes ( IXXI ), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III ( UJML ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III ( UJML ), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 ( CPT ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences [Mannheim] ( GESIS ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme ( LIP ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative ( C3BI ), Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), ISI Foundation, Aix-Marseille Université, Department of Computer Science, Computer Science Professors, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Sorbonne University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Physics - Physics and Society, Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM), null models, FOS: Physical sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SOC-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics and Society [physics.soc-ph], Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Theoretical Computer Science, temporal networks, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), random graphs, Applied Mathematics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SOC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics and Society [physics.soc-ph], [ INFO.INFO-DM ] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], time-varying networks, Computational Mathematics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, FOS: Biological sciences, Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics
Abstract: Many dynamical systems can be successfully analyzed by representing them as networks. Empirically measured networks and dynamic processes that take place in these situations show heterogeneous, non-Markovian, and intrinsically correlated topologies and dynamics. This makes their analysis particularly challenging. Randomized reference models (RRMs) have emerged as a general and versatile toolbox for studying such systems. Defined as random networks with given features constrained to match those of an input (empirical) network, they may, for example, be used to identify important features of empirical networks and their effects on dynamical processes unfolding in the network. RRMs are typically implemented as procedures that reshuffle an empirical network, making them very generally applicable. However, the effects of most shuffling procedures on network features remain poorly understood, rendering their use nontrivial and susceptible to misinterpretation. Here we propose a unified framework for classifying and understanding microcanonical RRMs (MRRMs) that sample networks with uniform probability. Focusing on temporal networks, we survey applications of MRRMs found in the literature, and we use this framework to build a taxonomy of MRRMs that proposes a canonical naming convention, classifies them, and deduces their effects on a range of important network features. We furthermore show that certain classes of MRRMs may be applied in sequential composition to generate new MRRMs from the existing ones surveyed in this article. We finally provide a tutorial showing how to apply a series of MRRMs to analyze how different network features affect a dynamic process in an empirical temporal network., Comment: Accepted version
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Unidirectional light transmiission by two-layer nanostructures interacting via optical near-fields

Author: Satoshi Ishii, Aurélien Drezet, Serge Huant, J. F. Motte, Hirokazu Hori, Makoto Naruse, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Nanofab (Nanofab ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nano-Optique et Forces (NOF ), and Yamanashi University
Subjects: Light transmission, Nanostructure, Materials science, Two layer, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Nanostructured materials, Energy conversion efficiency, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Reciprocity (electromagnetism), [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Optoelectronics, Metal nanostructures, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate unidirectional light transmission through two-layer nanostructured materials considering that the horizontal-to-vertical-polarization conversion efficiency in the forward direction and the vertical-to-horizontal efficiency in the backward direction, which are usually equivalent due to optical reciprocity, are different. The different ways of transferring light momentum in the forward and backward directions via optical near-fields between the layers are responsible for the unidirectionality of light, which was theoretically investigated in our recent work Naruse et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31, 2404 (2014)]. With two-layer metal nanostructures experimentally fabricated via a repeated lift-off technique, consistent optical characteristics are observed, verifying the utilization of the large momentum of optical near-fields.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. A pBCI to Predict Attentional Error Before it Happens in Real Flight Conditions

Author: Imad Rida, Tim Mullen, John R. Iversen, Raphaëlle N. Roy, Daniel E. Callan, Frédéric Dehais, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), The Center for Information and Neural Networks - CiNet (JAPAN), Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute - ANITI (FRANCE), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology - NICT (JAPAN), University of California - UC San Diego (USA), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Osaka University [Osaka], and ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019)
Subjects: N100, Inattentional deafness, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computer science, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Speech recognition, Neurosciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Auditory alarm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], BCI- Real flight, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Accident analyses have revealed that pilots can fail to process auditory stimuli such as alarms, a phenomenon known as inattentional deafness. The motivation of this research is to develop a passive brain computer interface that can predict the occurence of this critical phenomenon during real flight conditions. Ten volunteers, equipped with a dry-EEG system, had to fly a challenging flight scenario while responding to auditory alarms by button press. The behavioral results disclosed that the pilots missed 36% of the auditory alarms. ERP analyses confirm that this phenomenon affects auditory processing at an early (N100) and late (P300) stages as the consequence of a potential attentional bottleneck mechanism. Intersubject classification was carried out over frequency features extracted three second epochs before the alarms' onset using sparse representation for classification (SRC), sparse and dense representation (SDR) and more conventional approach such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), shrinkage LDA and nearest neighbor (1NN). In the best case, SRC and SDR gave respectively a performance of 66.9% and 65.4% of correct mean classification rate to predict the occurrence of inattentional deafness, outperforming LDA (60.6%), sLDA (60%) and 1 NN (59.6%). These results open promising perspectives for the implementation of neuroadaptive automation with as ultimate goal to enhance alarm stimulation delivery so that it is perceived and acted upon.
Published: 2019

23. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour data sets obtained from satellites

Author: Lossow, Khosrawi, Kiefer, Walker, K. A., Bertaux, J.-L., Blanot, Russell, J. M., Remsberg, E. E., Gille, J. C., Sugita, Sioris, C. E., Dinelli, B. M., Papandrea, Raspollini, Garcia-Comas, Stiller, G. P., von Clarmann, Dudhia, Read, W. G., Nedoluha, G. E., Damadeo, R. P., Zawodny, Weigel, Rozanov, Azam, Bramstedt, Noël, Burrows, J. P., Sagawa, Kasai, Urban, Eriksson, Murtagh, D. P., Hervig, M. E., Högberg, Hurst, D. F., Rosenlof, K. H., Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Center for Atmospheric Sciences [Hampton] (CAS), Hampton University, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory (ACOML), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Serco S.p.A. [Frascati], Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Kyoto Sangyo University, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], GATS Inc., Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Stockholm University, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Society of Canada Scientific Research Foundation, Canadian Space Agency, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Oxford [Oxford], and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, MIPAS, water vapour, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, comparison, satellite, ddc:550, 7. Clean energy, Water vapour profile
Abstract: Within the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II), profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour were performed by considering 33 data sets derived from satellite observations of 15 different instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a picture of the typical biases and drifts in the observational database and to identify data-set-specific problems. The observational database typically exhibits the largest biases below 70 inline-formula>>hPa, both in absolute and relative terms. The smallest biases are often found between 50 and 5 inline-formula>>hPa. Typically, they range from 0.25 to 0.5 inline-formula>>ppmv (5 % to 10 %) in this altitude region, based on the 50 % percentile over the different comparison results. Higher up, the biases increase with altitude overall but this general behaviour is accompanied by considerable variations. Characteristic values vary between 0.3 and 1 inline-formula>>ppmv (4 % to 20 %). Obvious data-set-specific bias issues are found for a number of data sets. In our work we performed a drift analysis for data sets overlapping for a period of at least 36 months. This assessment shows a wide range of drifts among the different data sets that are statistically significant at the 2inline-formula>>σ uncertainty level. In general, the smallest drifts are found in the altitude range between about 30 and 10 inline-formula>>hPa. Histograms considering results from all altitudes indicate the largest occurrence for drifts between 0.05 and 0.3 inline-formula>>ppmv decade-1. Comparisons of our drift estimates to those derived from comparisons of zonal mean time series only exhibit statistically significant differences in slightly more than 3 % of the comparisons. Hence, drift estimates from profile-to-profile and zonal mean time series comparisons are largely interchangeable. As for the biases, a number of data sets exhibit prominent drift issues. In our analyses we found that the large number of MIPAS data sets included in the assessment affects our general results as well as the bias summaries we provide for the individual data sets. This is because these data sets exhibit a relative similarity with respect to the remaining data sets, despite the fact that they are based on different measurement modes and different processors implementing different retrieval choices. Because of that, we have by default considered an aggregation of the comparison results obtained from MIPAS data sets. Results without this aggregation are provided on multiple occasions to characterise the effects due to the numerous MIPAS data sets. Among other effects, they cause a reduction of the typical biases in the observational database.© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License., The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We appreciate the HALOE Science Team and the many members of the HALOE project for producing and characterising the high-quality HALOE data set. We would like to thank the European Space Agency for making the MIPAS level-1b data set available. MLS data were obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences and Information Center. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SCIAMACHY spectral data have been provided by ESA. Maya Garcia-Comas was financially supported by the MINECO under its >Ramon y Cajal> subprogramme, project ESP2014-54362-P and EC FEDER funds. Stefan Lossow was funded by the >Stratospheric Change and its Role for Climate Prediction> (SHARP) under contract STI 210/9-2.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Action-driven and prediction-driven contagions in human actions

Author: Ikegami, Tsuyoshi, Nakamoto, Hiroki, Ganesh, Gowrishankar, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Interactive Digital Humans (IDH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Joint Robotics Laboratory - JRL (Tsukuba, Japan), and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Human actions are affected by "motor contagions"; implicit effects on an observer's actions caused by viewing other people's actions. Though these contagions are ubiquitous, affecting speech, gestures, everyday movements and sports, the mechanisms underlying them are still not fully understood. In this chapter we will review the known forms of motor contagion and show that they can be characterized into two types. First, action driven contagions, which include most previous contagion reports and which manifest as similarities between specific features (like the kinematics, outcome or goal) of an individual's action, and an action they observe. Second, prediction driven contagions, which we define here and which have only recently begun to be explored, are driven by differences between predictions of how another will act and observations of how they actually do act. These lead to implicit modifications of the motor representations in an individual but may not manifest as similarities between action features. We will explore the conceptual mechanisms that can explain these contagions and propose an extension to the previously suggested Dual Route Model of sensorimotor processing so as to explain the entire contagion spectrum. Finally, in the light of this characterization, we will discuss possible strategies to control, prevent and compensate for motor contagions, and optimize performance by athletes.
Published: 2019

25. Quantum Lattice Enumeration and Tweaking Discrete Pruning

Author: Yoshinori Aono, Nguyen, Phong Q., Yixin Shen, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Japanese French Laboratory for Informatics (JFLI), National Institute of Informatics (NII)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale (IRIF (UMR_8243)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), National Institute of Informatics (NII)-The University of Tokyo-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nguyen, Phong Q.
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]
Abstract: International audience; Enumeration is a fundamental lattice algorithm. We show how to speed up enumeration on a quantum computer, which affects the security estimates of several lattice-based submissions to NIST: if T is the number of operations of enumeration, our quantum enumeration runs in roughly $√ T$ operations. This applies to the two most efficient forms of enumeration known in the extreme pruning setting: cylinder pruning but also discrete pruning introduced at Eurocrypt '17. Our results are based on recent quantum tree algorithms by Montanaro and Ambainis-Kokainis. The discrete pruning case requires a crucial tweak: we modify the preprocessing so that the running time can be rigorously proved to be essentially optimal, which was the main open problem in discrete pruning. We also introduce another tweak to solve the more general problem of finding close lattice vectors.
Published: 2018

26. Low-Temperature Fracture Strength of MgB2Bulk Processed by Spark Plasma Sintering

Author: Zied Guesmi, Akira Murakami, Akifumi Iwamoto, Jacques G. Noudem, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemical substance, Materials science, Bending, Fracture strength, MgB2, Spark plasma sintering, Sintering, Mechanical properties, Superconducting materials, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pressing, Magazine, Flexural strength, law, Hot isostatic pressing, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Magnesium compounds, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Hip, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Temperature, Loading, Plasma materials processing, Bulk material, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Hot pressing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Fracture, Magnetic fields, Plasma temperature, Type II superconductors, Ambient pressure
Abstract: International audience; Mechanical properties of a high packing ratio MgB 2 bulk sample processed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were evaluated at 77 K through bending tests for specimens cut from the bulk sample. The effects of the packing ratio and temperature on the fracture strength of MgB 2 bulk are discussed. The fracture strength at 77 K of the MgB 2 bulk processed by SPS was higher than that at room temperature. The packing ratio of the MgB 2 bulk processed by SPS was higher than those of other MgB 2 bulks processed by sintering under the ambient pressure and hot isostatic pressing. The fracture strength was improved by increasing the packing ratio. The fracture strength at a very low temperature was estimated from the bending test results at 77 K and room temperature. The fracture strength at 20 K of the MgB 2 bulk processed by SPS was estimated to be around 425 MPa. © 2015 IEEE.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. The Influence of Biomass Burning on the Arctic: Pan-Arctic FTIR Observations and Model Results

Author: Strong, Kimberly, Lutsch, Erik, Conway, S., Drummond, J.R., Hannigan, J.W., Ortega, I., Blumenstock, Thomas, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Makarova, M., Notholt, Justus, Palm, M., Sussmann, R., Kasai, Y., Fisher, J., D.B.A., Jones, Clarisse, Lieven, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre-François, Dammers, E., Evans, M., Morris, E., Parrington, Mark, Shephard, M.W., Van Damme, Martin, Whitburn, Simon, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong [Australia], Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), University of York [York, UK], and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Transport of biomass burning emissions into the Arctic can cause episodic enhancements of multiple trace gas species. We present a multi-year time series of the total columns of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) measured using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectroscopy at six high-latitude sites: Eureka, Nunavut; Ny Alesund, Norway; Thule, Greenland; Kiruna, Sweden; Poker Flat, Alaska; and St. Petersburg, Russia, and at three mid-latitude sites; Zugspitze, Germany; Jungfraujoch, Switzerland; and Toronto, Ontario. For each site, the inter-annual trends and seasonal variabilities of the CO total column time series are determined and enhancements above ambient levels are used to identify possible wildfire pollution events. Correlations of HCN and C2H6 with CO, back-trajectories from HYSPLIT and FLEXPART, and fire locations from the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) confirm the detections and identify the source regions. The GEOS-Chem chemical transport model is run in tagged mode to determine the relative contributions to the observed enhancements from continental-scale biomass burning source regions.Exceptional emissions of CO, HCN, C2H6, and ammonia (NH3) from the 2017 North American wildfires were measured at Eureka and Thule, indicating that wildfires may be a major source of NH3 in the summertime high Arctic. The enhancement ratios of the long- lived species HCN and C2H6 are found to be comparable between sites, but for NH3, the enhancement ratios are strongly dependent on the transport patterns of the smoke plumes. Satellite measurements of NH3 from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI) and Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) are used to examine the spatial and temporal variabilities of NH3. Comparisons to a high-resolution (0.25° x 0.3125°) nested run of GEOS-Chem using emissions from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) are performed to evaluate the emission inventories and assess the long-range transport of NH3 to the high Arctic.
Published: 2018

28. Space QUEST mission proposal: experimentally testing decoherence due to gravity

Author: Jacques Pienaar, Dirk Giggenbach, Dominique Elser, Harald Weinfurter, Timothy C. Ralph, John Rarity, Eleni Diamanti, Robert H. Hadfield, Renato Renner, Gregor Weihs, Will McCutcheon, Christophe Salomon, Marek Żukowski, Angelo Gulinatti, Gerard J. Milburn, Nikolaos Solomos, Valerio Pruneri, Erik Beckert, Rupert Ursin, Mohamed Bourennane, Morio Toyoshima, Miloslav Duusek, Luigi Cacciapuoti, Momtchil Peev, Alberto Carrasco-Casado, Michael A. Krainak, Thomas Scheidl, Rainer Kaltenbaek, Mario Stipčević, Hoi-Kwong Lo, José Capmany, Jin Gyu Lim, Anton Zeilinger, Vadim Makarov, Siddarth Koduru Joshi, Paolo Villoresi, Johannes Skaar, Juan P. Torres, David Edward Bruschi, Andreas Poppe, Ivette Fuentes, Adán Cabello, Thomas Jennewein, Christoph Marquardt, Ian A. Walmsley, Publica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. FOTONICA - Grup de Recerca de Fotònica, Google Inc., Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering [Jena] (Fraunhofer IOF), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), CETaqua, Information Quantique [LIP6] (QI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Vienna, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques [Castelldefels] (ICFO), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), and Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI)
Subjects: Quantum decoherence, relativity, satellite, Fotònica, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum entanglement, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, Bristol Quantum Information Institute, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, Entanglement, Relativity, entangled photons quantum entanglement decoherence curved space-time ISS experiment KNOCGOP, Theoretical physics, QETLabs, Mission design, Gravitational field, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, quantum communication, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Telecomunicació òptica::Fotònica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Quantum communication, 010306 general physics, Quantum, entanglement, gravitational decoherence, quantum mechanics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational decoherence, Satellitennetze, Física, Photonics, Satellite, Bipartite graph, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: Models of quantum systems on curved space-times lack sufficient experimental verification. Some speculative theories suggest that quantum properties, such as entanglement, may exhibit entirely different behavior to purely classical systems. By measuring this effect or lack thereof, we can test the hypotheses behind several such models. For instance, as predicted by Ralph and coworkers [T C Ralph, G J Milburn, and T Downes, Phys. Rev. A, 79(2):22121, 2009, T C Ralph and J Pienaar, New Journal of Physics, 16(8):85008, 2014], a bipartite entangled system could decohere if each particle traversed through a different gravitational field gradient. We propose to study this effect in a ground to space uplink scenario. We extend the above theoretical predictions of Ralph and coworkers and discuss the scientific consequences of detecting/failing to detect the predicted gravitational decoherence. We present a detailed mission design of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Space QUEST (Space - Quantum Entanglement Space Test) mission, and study the feasibility of the mission schema., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, included radiation damage to detectors in appendix
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Prediction error induced motor contagions in human behaviors

Author: Tsuyoshi Ikegami, Gowrishankar Ganesh, Hiroki Nakamoto, Tatsuya Takeuchi, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Joint Robotics Laboratory [France] (CNRS-AIST JRL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya
Subjects: Male, Action prediction, Visual perception, Unconscious mind, action observation, [SCCO]Cognitive science, action execution, 0302 clinical medicine, Biology (General), Everyday life, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, prediction error, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, 16. Peace & justice, Visual Perception, Medicine, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Research Article, Human, Adult, QH301-705.5, Movement, Science, Mean squared prediction error, Motor Activity, Baseball, Human behavior, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Simulation, General Immunology and Microbiology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Anticipation, Psychological, Imitative Behavior, motor contagion, Action observation, Mimicry, Neuroscience, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Social behavior
Abstract: Motor contagions refer to implicit effects on one's actions induced by observed actions. Motor contagions are believed to be induced simply by action observation and cause an observer's action to become similar to the action observed. In contrast, here we report a new motor contagion that is induced only when the observation is accompanied by prediction errors - differences between actions one observes and those he/she predicts or expects. In two experiments, one on whole-body baseball pitching and another on simple arm reaching, we show that the observation of the same action induces distinct motor contagions, depending on whether prediction errors are present or not. In the absence of prediction errors, as in previous reports, participants' actions changed to become similar to the observed action, while in the presence of prediction errors, their actions changed to diverge away from it, suggesting distinct effects of action observation and action prediction on human actions., eLife digest Watching sports sometimes causes people to unintentionally move in the same way as the athlete they are observing. This type of unconscious mimicry is called a motor contagion. Observing everyday actions can also trigger motor contagion, and plays an important role in social interactions. So far, studies have focused on understanding how observing an action leads to motor contagion. They have not factored in the fact that in everyday life individuals consciously or unconsciously predict observed actions by others. Sometimes these predictions are wrong, leading to so called ‘prediction errors’. It was not clear whether motor contagion occurs when the viewer has made an incorrect prediction, or if prediction errors change the behavior of the viewer. Now, Ikegami, Ganesh et al. show that prediction errors influence motor contagion. In one experiment, baseball players were asked to watch a video of an actor pitching a ball toward a target and predict where on the target the ball would hit. Some of the players were given misleading information intended to increase the likelihood they would incorrectly predict where the actor would throw. The players then pitched the ball towards a target themselves. When the players had just watched the actor’s throw, their throws became similar to it. When their predictions were wrong, their throws were very different from the actor’s throw. The players were not aware of the changes to their throw in either case. Ikegami, Ganesh et al. also conducted a similar experiment in which other volunteers were asked to observe an actor reaching for a target and then reach for the target themselves. The results were similar: when the volunteers’ predictions were wrong, they reached in different ways to the actor. This may be a new type of motor contagion. Learning more about this effect could help researchers to better understand the adjustments people make to their social behaviors and give new insights about the brain mechanisms that underlie normal human actions and social interactions. Sports trainers or physical therapists might also use this information to develop better strategies for maintaining athlete performances or helping people to recover movement after an injury or illness.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Multifractal analysis for the ULF geomagnetic data during the 1993 Guam earthquake

Author: Y. Ida, Masashi Hayakawa, A. Adalev, Kaoru Gotoh, Department of Electronic Engineering [Tokyo], University of Electro-Communications [Tokyo] (UEC), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), and EGU, Publication
Subjects: Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:QC801-809, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Multifractal system, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Fractal, Earth's magnetic field, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Detrended fluctuation analysis, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In our previous papers we have shown that the fractal (monofractal) dimension (Do) showed a significant increase before the Guam earthquake occurred on 8 August, 1993. In order to have a further support to this precursory effect to the general rupture (earthquake) we have carried out the corresponding multifractal analysis (by means of detrended fluctuation analysis) for the same data to study the statistical self-similar properties in a wide range of scales. We have analyzed the ULF geomagnetic data (the most intense H component) observed at Guam observatory. As the result, we have found that we could observe significant changes in the multifractal parameters at Guam such that αmin showed a meaningful decrease about 25 days before the earthquake and correspondingly Δα increased because αmax exhibited no significant change at all. The most sensitive parameter seems to be non-uniformity factor Δ. Correspondingly, the generalized multifractal dimension Dq (q>1) showed a significant decrease (whereas Dq (qD0 (=Dq (q=0) (as already found in our previous papers) is reconfirmed to increase before the earthquake. These multifractal characteristics seem to be a further support that these changes are closely associated with the earthquake as a precursor to the Guam earthquake, providing us with appreciable information on the pre-rupture evolution of the earthquake.
Published: 2018

31. The structured backbone of temporal social ties

Author: Teruyoshi Kobayashi, Alain Barrat, Taro Takaguchi, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), CPT - E5 Physique statistique et systèmes complexes, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physics - Physics and Society, Time Factors, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Science, Statistics as Topic, Datasets as Topic, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Temporality, 02 engineering and technology, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Social Networking, Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], lcsh:Science, Set (psychology), Structure (mathematical logic), Multidisciplinary, Null model, General Chemistry, Complex network, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Interpersonal ties, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Noise (video), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In many data sets, crucial information on the structure and temporality of a system coexists with noise and non-essential elements. In networked systems, for instance, some edges might be non-essential or exist only by chance. Filtering them out and extracting a set of relevant connections, the "network backbone", is a non-trivial task, and methods put forward until now do not address time-resolved networks, whose availability has strongly increased in recent years. We develop here such a method, by defining an adequate temporal network null model, which calculates the random chance of nodes to be connected at any time after controlling for their activity. This allows us to identify, at any level of statistical significance, pairs of nodes that have more interactions than expected given their activities: These form a backbone of significant ties. We apply our method to empirical temporal networks of socio-economic interest and find that (i) at given level of statistical significance, our method identifies more significant ties than methods considering temporally aggregated networks, and (ii) when a community structure is present, most significant ties are intra-community edges, suggesting that the weights of inter-community edges can be explained by the null model of random interactions. Most importantly, our filtering method can assign a significance to more complex structures such as triads of simultaneous interactions, while methods based on static representations are by construction unable to do so. Strikingly, we uncover that significant triads are not equivalent to triangles composed by three significant edges. Our results hint at new ways to represent temporal networks for use in data-driven models and in anonymity-preserving ways., Comment: Main text: 18 pages, 6 figures. SI: 22 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Lower Bounds on Lattice Enumeration with Extreme Pruning

Author: Yoshinori Aono, Junji Shikata, Phong Q. Nguyen, Takenobu Seito, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Japanese French Laboratory for Informatics (JFLI), National Institute of Informatics (NII)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bank of Japan, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences [Yokohama], Yokohama National University, IACR, Hovav Shacham, and Alexandra Boldyreva
Subjects: Discrete mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, 0102 computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, Upper and lower bounds, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], Exponential function, Running time, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Bounded function, Lattice (order), Enumeration, Cryptosystem, 0101 mathematics, Lattice reduction, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; At Eurocrypt '10, Gama, Nguyen and Regev introduced lattice enumeration with extreme pruning: this algorithm is implemented in state-of-the-art lattice reduction software and used in challenge records. They showed that extreme pruning provided an exponential speed-up over full enumeration. However, no limit on its efficiency was known, which was problematic for long-term security estimates of lattice-based cryptosystems. We prove the first lower bounds on lattice enumeration with extreme pruning: if the success probability is lower bounded, we can lower bound the global running time taken by extreme pruning. Our results are based on geometric properties of cylinder intersections and some form of isoperimetry. We discuss their impact on lattice security estimates.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Virtual Planetary Space Weather Services offered by the Europlanet H2020 Research Infrastructure

Author: André, N., Grande, M., Achilleos, N., Barthélémy, M., Bouchemit, M., Benson, K., Blelly, P.-L., Budnik, E., Caussarieu, S., Cecconi, B., Cook, T., Génot, V., Guio, P., Goutenoir, A., Grison, B., Hueso, R., Indurain, M., Jones, G.H., Lilensten, J., Marchaudon, A., Matthiä, Daniel, Opitz, A., Rouillard, A., Stanislawska, I., Soucek, J., Tao, C., Tomasik, L., Vaubaillon, J., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science Department, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOVELTIS [Sté], GFI Informatique, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Bilbao, Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space weather, Solar wind, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Planets, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Space Physics, Comets, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Virtual observatory, Meteor showers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The Europlanet 2020 Research Infrastructure will include new Planetary Space Weather Services (PSWS) that will extend the concepts of space weather and space situational awareness to other planets in our Solar System and in particular to spacecraft that voyage through it. PSWS will make five entirely new toolkits accessible to the research community and to industrial partners planning for space missions: a general planetary space weather toolkit, as well as three toolkits dedicated to the following key planetary environments: Mars, comets, and outer planets. This will give the European planetary science community new methods, interfaces, functionalities and/or plugins dedicated to planetary space weather in the tools and models available within the partner institutes. It will also create a novel event-diary toolkit aiming at predicting and detecting planetary events like meteor showers and impacts. A variety of tools are available for tracing propagation of planetary and/or solar events through the Solar System and modelling the response of the planetary environment (surfaces, atmospheres, ionospheres, and magnetospheres) to those events. But these tools were not originally designed for planetary event prediction and space weather applications. PSWS will provide the additional research and tailoring required to apply them for these purposes. PSWS will be to review, test, improve and adapt methods and tools available within the partner institutes in order to make prototype planetary event and space weather services operational in Europe at the end of the programme. To achieve its objectives PSWS will use a few tools and standards developed for the Astronomy Virtual Observatory (VO). This paper gives an overview of the project together with a few illustrations of prototype services based on VO standards and protocols., 14 pages
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Loss of the Martian atmosphere to space: Present-day loss rates determined from MAVEN observations and integrated loss through time

Author: Phillip C. Chamberlin, Jane L. Fox, Jared Espley, Andrew F. Nagy, Daniel Lo, Yuki Harada, Ali Rahmati, Casey L. Flynn, Valeriy Tenishev, Shotaro Sakai, Shannon Curry, Shaosui Xu, Franck Montmessin, Jean-Yves Chaufray, Tristan Weber, Anna Kotova, Michael Mendillo, Christy Lentz, David Brain, Kyle Connour, J. P. McFadden, Nicholas M. Schneider, Roger V. Yelle, Christina O. Lee, Bruce M. Jakosky, F. J. Crary, Matthew Fillingim, Arnaud Stiepen, Michael R. Combi, W. K. Peterson, Thomas E. Cravens, Joseph M. Grebowsky, Jared Bell, Kaori Terada, Anders Eriksson, K. Roeten, Jeffrey Trovato, Frank Eparvier, Zachary Girazian, S. Inui, P. Dunn, Paul Withers, Majd Mayyasi, Scott L. England, Yaxue Dong, Meredith Elrod, Edward Thiemann, David E. Siskind, Paul R. Mahaffy, Robert H. Tolson, François Leblanc, Gina A. DiBraccio, David L. Mitchell, David Andrews, Kirk Olsen, Ronan Modolo, K. Fallows, Dolon Bhattacharyya, Marissa F. Vogt, Masaki Fujimoto, Michael Chaffin, S. Houston, Nicolas André, Mehdi Benna, Chuanfei Dong, Kyle Crabb, Naoki Terada, J. R. Gruesbeck, Takeshi Kuroda, Yingjuan Ma, Yuni Lee, Alexander S. Medvedev, Robert Lillis, Glyn Collinson, Hiromu Nakagawa, Christopher M. Fowler, K. G. Hanley, Richard W. Zurek, R. M. Dewey, Hilary Egan, Robert E. Ergun, S. R. Shaver, Takuya Hara, Sonal Jain, Suranga Ruhunusiri, Jasper Halekas, Morgane Steckiewicz, S. Stone, Stephen W. Bougher, Jacob Hermann, Janet G. Luhmann, Hannes Groeller, Y. I. J. Soobiah, David Pawlowski, Xiaohua Fang, A. Fogle, Davin Larson, Yosuke Matsumoto, T. M. Esman, R. Jolitz, Darren Baird, Karim Meziane, O. Q. Hamil, Clara Narvaez, William E. McClintock, J. Correira, Gabor Toth, John E. P. Connerney, M. Slipski, Melissa L. Marquette, Christopher T. Russell, Kanako Seki, Matteo Crismani, Michael L. Stevens, Greg Holsclaw, John Clarke, Philippe Garnier, Mika Holmberg, Erdal Yiğit, Ian Stewart, Rafael Lugo, G. T. Delory, Laila Andersson, Justin Deighan, C. F. Bowers, Scott Evans, Zachariah Milby, Norberto Romanelli, R. Sharrar, Franck Lefèvre, Christian Mazelle, Daniel N. Baker, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, National Institute of Aerospace [Hampton] (NIA), Center for Space Physics [Boston] (CSP), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), Communications and Power Industries (CPI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Lawrence Kansas], University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Princeton University, University of Arizona, Wright State University, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Ames, Iowa], Iowa State University (ISU), University of Kansas [Kansas City], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), PLANETO - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Tohoku University [Sendai], Eastern Michigan University, University of Michigan System, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Fairfax], George Mason University [Fairfax], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Solar wind, Extrapolation, Mars, Present day, Atmospheric sciences, Mars climate, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Mars atmosphere, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Spacecraft, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Magnetospheres, Environmental science, business
Abstract: International audience; Observations of the Mars upper atmosphere made from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete Mars year (16 Nov 2014 – 3 Oct 2016). Loss rates for H and O are sufficient to remove ∼2-3 kg/s to space. By itself, this loss would be significant over the history of the planet. In addition, loss rates would have been greater early in history due to the enhanced solar EUV and more-active Sun. Integrated loss, based on current processes whose escape rates in the past are adjusted according to expected solar evolution, would have been as much as 0.8 bar CO2 or 23 m global equivalent layer of H2O; these losses are likely to be lower limits due to the nature of the extrapolation of loss rates to the earliest times. Combined with the lack of surface or subsurface reservoirs for CO2 that could hold remnants of an early, thick atmosphere, these results suggest that loss of gas to space has been the dominant process responsible for changing the climate of Mars from an early, warmer environment to the cold, dry one that we see today.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Detection of the long-range transport of wildfire pollution to the Arctic using a network of ground-based FTIR spectrometers, satellite observations and model result

Author: Lutsch, Erik, Conway, Stephanie, Strong, Kimberly, B. A. Jones, Dylan, Drummond, James R., Ortega, Ivan, Hannigan, James W., Makarova, Maria, Notholt, Justus, Blumenstock, Thomas, Sussmann, Ralf, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Kasai, Yasuko, Clerbaux, Cathy, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; We present a multi-year time series of the total columns of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ethane (C2H6) obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer measurements at nine sites. Six are high-latitude sites: Eureka, Nunavut; Ny Alesund, Norway; Thule, Greenland; Kiruna, Sweden; Poker Flat, Alaska and St. Petersburg, Russia and three are mid-latitude sites; Zugspitze, Germany; Jungfraujoch, Switzerland and Toronto, Ontario. For each site, the inter-annual trends and seasonal variabilities of the CO total column time series are accounted for, allowing ambient concentrations to be determined. Enhancements above ambient levels are then used to identify possible wildfire pollution events. Since the abundance of each trace gas species emitted in a wildfire event is specific to the type of vegetation burned and the burning phase, correlations of CO to the other long-lived wildfire tracers HCN and C2H6 allow for further confirmation of the detection of wildfire pollution. Back-trajectories from HYSPLIT and FLEXPART as well as fire detections from the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) allow the source regions of the detected enhancements to be determined while satellite observations of CO from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instruments can be used to track the transport of the smoke plume. Differences in travel times between sites allows ageing of biomass burning plumes to be determined, providing a means to infer the physical and chemical processes affecting the loss of each species during transport. Comparisons of ground-based FTIR measurements to GEOS-Chem chemical transport model results are used to investigate these processes, evaluate wildfire emission inventories and infer the influence of wildfire emissions on the Arctic.
Published: 2017

36. NFV-based Scalable Guaranteed-Bandwidth Multicast Service for Software Defined ISP networks

Author: Hitoshi Asaeda, Walid Dabbous, Hardik Soni, Thierry Turletti, Design, Implementation and Analysis of Networking Architectures (DIANA), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), UHD-on-5G associated team between Inria and NICT, ANR-13-INFR-0013,DISCO,Controlleurs SDN Distribués pour des services réseaux complexes et élastiques(2013), and ANR-11-LABX-0031,UCN@SOPHIA,Réseau orienté utilisateur(2011)
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, computer.internet_protocol, Distributed computing, QoS, 050801 communication & media studies, 02 engineering and technology, Software Defined ISP Neworks, Load Balancing, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Multicast address, Xcast, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pragmatic General Multicast, Network Function Virtualization, Multicast, Protocol Independent Multicast, business.industry, Inter-domain, Open vSwitch, 05 social sciences, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Source-specific multicast, IP multicast, Multicast Routing, business, computer, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; —New applications where anyone can broadcast high quality video are becoming very popular. ISPs may take the opportunity to propose new high quality multicast services to their clients. Because of its centralized control plane, Software Defined Networking (SDN) enables the deployment of such a service in a flexible and bandwidth-efficient way. But deploying large-scale multicast services on SDN requires smart group membership management and a bandwidth reservation mechanism with QoS guarantees that should neither waste bandwidth nor impact too severely best effort traffic. In this paper, we propose; (1) a scalable multicast group management mechanism based on a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) approach for Software Defined ISP networks to implement and deploy multicast services on the network edge, and (2) the Lazy Load Balancing Multicast (L2BM) routing algorithm for sharing the core network capacity in a friendly way between guaranteed-bandwidth multicast traffic and best-effort traffic and that does not require costly real-time monitoring of link utilization. We have implemented the mechanism and algorithm, and evaluated them both in a simulator and a testbed. In the testbed, we experimented the group management at the edge and L2BM in the core with an Open vSwitch based QoS framework and evaluated the performance of L2BM with an exhaustive set of experiments on various realistic scenarios. The results show that L2BM outperforms other state-of-the art algorithms by being less aggressive with best-effort traffic and accepting about 5-15% more guaranteed-bandwidth multicast join requests.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Federated Experimentation Infrastructure Interconnecting Sites from Both Europe and South Korea (SmartFIRE)

Author: Choumas, Kostas, Korakis, Thanasis, Ordiz, Jordi, Antonio Skarmeta Gómez, Martinez-Julia, Pedro, You, Taewan, Jung, Heeyoung, Lee, Hyunwoo, Kwon, Ted Taekyoung, Baron, Loic, Fdida, Serge, Seok, Woojin, Lee, Minsun, Kim, Jongwon, Chong, Song, Vermeulen, Brecht, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Universidad de Murcia, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute [DaeJeon] (ETRI), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Networks and Performance Analysis (NPA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Department of Electrical Engineering [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology] (KAIST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Iminds [Ghent], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Murcia, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Baron, Loïc, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas ( CERTH ), University of Thessaly [Volos] ( UTH ), National Institute for Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute [DaeJeon] ( ETRI ), Seoul National University [Seoul], Networks and Performance Analysis ( NPA ), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 ( LIP6 ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information ( KISTI ), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology ( GIST ), Department of Electrical Engineering [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology] ( KAIST ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT )
Subjects: [ INFO ] Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], [INFO.INFO-WB] Computer Science [cs]/Web, [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, [ INFO.INFO-WB ] Computer Science [cs]/Web, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ACM: C.: Computer Systems Organization/C.2: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, ACM : C.: Computer Systems Organization/C.2: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, [INFO.INFO-PL] Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], [ INFO.INFO-CY ] Computer Science [cs]/Computers and Society [cs.CY], [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [ INFO.INFO-DB ] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-CY] Computer Science [cs]/Computers and Society [cs.CY], [INFO.INFO-CY]Computer Science [cs]/Computers and Society [cs.CY], [ INFO.INFO-PL ] Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], ACM: D.: Software/D.2: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ACM : D.: Software/D.2: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, [INFO.INFO-DB] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

38. Scalable Guaranteed-Bandwidth Multicast Service in Software Defined ISP networks

Author: Thierry Turletti, Walid Dabbous, Hitoshi Asaeda, Hardik Soni, Design, Implementation and Analysis of Networking Architectures (DIANA), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Equipe associée UHD-on-5G, GRID5000, ANR-13-INFR-013,DISCO,DIstributed SDN COntrollers, and ANR-13-INFR-0013,DISCO,Controlleurs SDN Distribués pour des services réseaux complexes et élastiques(2013)
Subjects: Routing protocol, Computer science, computer.internet_protocol, Distributed computing, Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol, QoS, 050801 communication & media studies, 02 engineering and technology, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, Load Balancing, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Multicast address, Xcast, Routing control plane, Pragmatic General Multicast, Network Function Virtualization, Multicast, Protocol Independent Multicast, business.industry, Inter-domain, Open vSwitch, Quality of service, 05 social sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Load balancing (computing), Software Defined ISP Networks, Source-specific multicast, IP multicast, Multicast Routing, business, Software-defined networking, computer, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; New applications where anyone can broadcast video are becoming very popular on smartphones. With the advent of high definition video, ISP providers may take the opportunity to propose new high quality broadcast services to their clients. Because of its centralized control plane, Software Defined Networking (SDN) seems an ideal way to deploy such a service in a flexible and bandwidth-efficient way. But deploying large scale multicast services on SDN requires smart group membership management and a bandwidth reservation mechanism to support QoS guarantees that should neither waste bandwidth nor impact too severely best effort traffic. In this paper, we propose a Network Function Virtualization based solution for Software Defined ISP networks to implement scalable multicast group management. Then, we propose the Lazy Load balancing Multicast (L2BM) routing algorithm for sharing the network capacity in a friendly way between guaranteed-bandwidth multicast traffic and best-effort traffic. Our implementation of the framework made on Floodlight controllers and Open vSwitches is used to study the performance of L2BM.
Published: 2017

39. Low Latency Low Loss Streaming using In-Network Coding and Caching

Author: Hitoshi Asaeda, Kazuhisa Matsuzono, Thierry Turletti, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Design, Implementation and Analysis of Networking Architectures (DIANA), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and Equipe Associée UHD-on-5G
Subjects: Multicast, Computer science, Network packet, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Data loss, Video quality, Network congestion, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Packet loss, Linear network coding, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Cache, business, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; Owing to the rapid growth in high-quality video streaming over the Internet, preserving high-level robustness against data loss and low latency, while maintaining higher data transmission rates, is becoming an increasingly important issue for high-quality real-time delay-sensitive streaming. In this paper, we propose a low latency, low loss streaming mechanism, L4C2, convenient for high-quality delay-sensitive streaming. With L4C2, nodes in the network estimate the acceptable delay and packet loss probability in their uplinks, aiming at retrieving lost data packets from in-network cache and/or coded data packets using in-network coding within an acceptable delay, by extending the Content-Centric Networking (CCN) approach. Further, L4C2 naturally provides multiple paths and multicast technologies to efficiently utilize network resources while sharing network resources fairly with competing data flows by adjusting the video quality when necessary. We validate through comprehensive simulations that L4C2 achieves a high success probability of data transmission considering the acceptable one-way delay, and higher QoE while suppressing the interest and redundant data traffic than the proposed multipath congestion control mechanism in CCN.
Published: 2017

40. Random Sampling Revisited: Lattice Enumeration with Discrete Pruning

Author: Aono, Yoshinori, Nguyen, Phong Q., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Japanese French Laboratory for Informatics (JFLI), National Institute of Informatics (NII)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 16H02780 and 16H02830, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-National Institute of Informatics (NII)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: International audience; In 2003, Schnorr introduced Random sampling to find very short lattice vectors, as an alternative to enumeration. An improved variant has been used in the past few years by Kashiwabara et al. to solve the largest Darmstadt SVP challenges. However, the behaviour of random sampling and its variants is not well-understood: all analyses so far rely on a questionable heuristic assumption, namely that the lattice vectors produced by some algorithm are uniformly distributed over certain parallelepipeds. In this paper, we introduce lattice enumeration with discrete pruning, which generalizes random sampling and its variants, and provides a novel geometric description based on partitions of the n-dimensional space. We obtain what is arguably the first sound analysis of random sampling, by showing how discrete pruning can be rigorously analyzed under the well-known Gaussian heuristic, in the same model as the Gama-Nguyen-Regev analysis of pruned enumeration from EUROCRYPT '10, albeit using different tools: we show how to efficiently compute the volume of the intersection of a ball with a box, and to efficiently approximate a large sum of many such volumes, based on statistical inference. Furthermore, we show how to select good parameters for discrete pruning by enumerating integer points in an ellip-soid. Our analysis is backed up by experiments and allows for the first time to reasonably estimate the success probability of random sampling and its variants, and to make comparisons with previous forms of pruned enumeration. Our work unifies random sampling and pruned enumeration and show that they are complementary of each other: both have different characteristics and offer different trade-offs to speed up enumeration.
Published: 2017

41. The aurorae of Uranus past equinox

Author: Nikolai V. Pogorelov, Stan W. H. Cowley, Henrik Melin, Nicholas Achilleos, Chihiro Tao, L. Lamy, T. K. Kim, Kirk C. Hansen, Renée Prangé, Sarah V. Badman, Patrick Guio, Tom Stallard, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), University of Leicester, University College of London [London] (UCL), Lancaster University, and University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Uranus, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Equinox, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Solar wind, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Interplanetary spaceflight, Longitude, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 10 pages, 5 Figures; International audience; The aurorae of Uranus were recently detected in the far ultraviolet with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) providing a new, so far unique, means to remotely study the asymmetric Uranian magnetosphere from Earth. We analyze here two new HST Uranus campaigns executed in September 2012 and November 2014 with different temporal coverage and under variable solar wind conditions numerically predicted by three different MHD codes. Overall, the HST images taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph reveal auroral emissions in three pairs of successive images (one pair acquired in 2012 and two in 2014), hence 6 additional auroral detections in total, including the most intense Uranian aurorae ever seen with HST. The detected emissions occur close the expected arrival of interplanetary shocks. They appear as extended spots at southern latitudes, rotating with the planet. They radiate 5–24 kR and 1.3-8.8 GW of ultraviolet emission from H2, last for tens of minutes and vary on timescales down to a few seconds. Fitting the 2014 observations with model auroral ovals constrains the longitude of the southern (northern) magnetic pole to 104 ± 26° (284 ± 26°) in the Uranian Longitude System. We suggest that the Uranian near-equinoctial aurorae are pulsed cusp emissions possibly triggered by large-scale magnetospheric compressions.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Urban Disaster Simulation Incorporating Human Psychological Models in Evacuation Behaviors

Author: Tatsuya Yamazaki, Shinichi Taira, Yasunori Owada, Kiyoshi Hamaguchi, Hiroyuki Tamai, Kiyohiko Hattori, Yuko Murayama, Dimiter Velev, Plamena Zlateva, Jose J. Gonzalez, Princeton University, Niigata University, Resilient ICT Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Wireless Networks Research Center, and TC 5
Subjects: Normalcy bias, 050210 logistics & transportation, Psychological model, Multi-agent system, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Emotional contagion, 02 engineering and technology, Urban simulation, Psychological Models, Building evacuation, Disaster, Homogeneous, 021105 building & construction, 0502 economics and business, Sympathy, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Psychology, Social psychology, Evacuation, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Building evacuation simulation provides us with various knowledge and suggestion before a real disaster happens. To date, however, evacuees were often modeled as homogeneous without individual motivation in a large-scale urban simulation model, which is rather different from real human behavior. In this paper, an evacuation simulation model with human psychological models is developed for urban disaster situation. Three psychological models are actually incorporated: normalcy bias, emotional contagion bias, and sympathy behavior bias. Normalcy bias is the initial evacuation delay caused by a belief that abnormal events rarely happen. Emotional contagion is the effect of one person’s emotional state on the emotional state of people around him/her both explicitly and implicitly. Simulated experimental results show that the proposed model provides accurate evacuation behaviors than the normal behavior model without psychological consideration.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone - Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability

Author: Erkki Kyrölä, Neil R. P. Harris, Gaëlle Dufour, Alan Parrish, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Stacey M. Frith, Rosemary Munro, Masato Shiotani, Piera Raspollini, P. K. Bhartia, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Mark Weber, Johannes Staehelin, A. Rozanov, Herman G. J. Smit, Pieternel F. Levelt, Cathy Clerbaux, Anu Dudhia, C. T. McElroy, Gabriele Stiller, J. P. Veefkind, Yasuhiro Sasano, Joachim Urban, T. Sano, D. A. Degenstein, Hideaki Nakajima, Johanna Tamminen, C. von Savigny, J. D. Wild, Kaley A. Walker, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, David W. Tarasick, Bianca Maria Dinelli, Daan Hubert, M. De Mazière, Yasuko Kasai, T. von Clarmann, Karl W. Hoppel, Richard D. McPeters, José Granville, Thomas August, Birgit Hassler, Joseph M. Zawodny, Corinne Vigouroux, M. J. Kurylo, Ellis E. Remsberg, Lucien Froidevaux, Karen H. Rosenlof, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences ( CIRES ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory ( ESRL ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] ( IAC ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), EUMETSAT, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima ( ISAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), SHTI - LATMOS, Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, National Institute for Environmental Studies ( NIES ), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Institute of Environmental Physics/Institute of Remote Sensing ( IUP ), University of Bremen, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere ( RISH ), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies ( AIRIES ), Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research ( IMK ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Institut für Physik [Greifswald], Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Schneider Electric, Groupe Schneider Electric, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies (AIRIES), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Schneider Electric ( SE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Oxford, Kyoto University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Earth observation, Chlorofluorocarbon, Ozone, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, Ozone depletion, lcsh:Environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Environmental science, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere
Abstract: Peak stratospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and other ozone depleting substance (ODS) concentrations were reached in the mid- to late 1990s. Detection and attribution of the expected recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer in an atmosphere with reduced ODSs as well as efforts to understand the evolution of stratospheric ozone in the presence of increasing greenhouse gases are key current research topics. These require a critical examination of the ozone changes with an accurate knowledge of the spatial (geographical and vertical) and temporal ozone response. For such an examination, it is vital that the quality of the measurements used be as high as possible and measurement uncertainties well quantified. In preparation for the 2014 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, the SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O3/NDACC (SI2N) Initiative was designed to study and document changes in the global ozone profile distribution. This requires assessing long-term ozone profile data sets in regards to measurement stability and uncertainty characteristics. The ultimate goal is to establish suitability for estimating long-term ozone trends to contribute to ozone recovery studies. Some of the data sets have been improved as part of this initiative with updated versions now available. This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. In addition, the latest data versions are briefly described (including data version updates as well as detailing multiple retrievals when available for a given satellite instrument). Archive location information for each data set is also given.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. A full-particle Martian upper thermosphere-exosphere model using the DSMC method

Author: Terada, Kaori, Terada, Naoki, Shinagawa, Hiroyuki, Fujiwara, Hitoshi, Kasaba, Yasumasa, Seki, Kanako, Leblanc, François, Chaufray, Jean-Yves, Modolo, Ronan, Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Faculty of Science and Technology [Tokyo], Seikei University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: upper thermosphere, Physics::Space Physics, DSMC simulation, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Mars, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, exosphere
Abstract: International audience; A one-dimensional full-particle model of the Martian upper thermosphere-exosphere has been developed, where the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is applied to both thermal and non-thermal components. Our full-particle model can self-consistently solve the transition from collisional to collisionless domains in the upper thermosphere, so that the energy deposition from non-thermal energetic components to thermal components in the transition region is properly described. For the solar EUV condition during the Viking-1 measurement (1 EUV case), computed density profiles are in good agreement with those observed by Viking 1 and with the conventional model. For a solar EUV flux six times the Viking-1 condition (6 EUV case), the computed heating efficiency is essentially the same as 1 EUV case but slightly increases by about 10 % below the exobase, and temperature deviates from the conventional model in and above the transition region. This result suggests that the conventional heating efficiency of 0.18 is a good approximation for low (1 EUV case) to moderately strong (6 EUV case) solar EUV conditions but would be inappropriate for an extremely strong solar EUV (up to ~100 times stronger flux) environment. We also find that applying different models of the CO2-O collisional energy transfer rate results in a difference in the calculated exobase temperature by 150 K for 6 EUV case.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Processing Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Signal with a Kalman Filter to Assess Working Memory during Simulated Flight

Author: Arnaud Delorme, Thibault Gateau, Sébastien Scannella, Gautier Durantin, Frédéric Dehais, Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), The Center for Information and Neural Networks - CiNet (JAPAN), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE)
Subjects: Computer science, SVM, Real-time computing, fNIRS, Flight simulator, working memory, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, neuroergonomics, Neuroergonomics, Traitement du signal et de l'image, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Working Memory, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Infinite impulse response, Biological Psychiatry, Simulation, Original Research, Signal processing, Noise (signal processing), [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Neurosciences, Filter (signal processing), Kalman filter, Air traffic control, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, FNIRS, SVM model, Kalman filtering, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Working memory is a key executive function for operating aircraft, especially when pilots have to recall series of air traffic control instructions. There is a need to implement tools to monitor working memory as its limitation may jeopardize flight safety. An innovative way to address this issue is to adopt a Neuroergonomics approach that merges knowledge and methods from Human Factors, System Engineering and Neuroscience. A challenge of great importance for Neuroergonomics is to implement efficient brain imaging techniques to measure the brain at work and to design Brain Computer Interfaces. We used functional near infrared spectroscopy as it has been already successfully tested to measure working memory capacity in complex environment with air traffic controllers, pilots or unmanned vehicle operators. However, the extraction of relevant features from the raw signal in ecological environment is still a critical issue due to the complexity of implementing real-time signal processing techniques without a priori knowledge. We proposed to implement the Kalman filtering approach, a signal processing technique that is efficient when the dynamics of the signal can be modeled. We based our approach on the Boynton model of hemodynamic response. We conducted a first experiment with 9 participants involving a basic working memory task to estimate the noise covariances of the Kalman filter. We then conducted a more ecological experiment in our flight simulator with 18 pilots who interacted with air traffic controller instructions (two levels of difficulty). The data was processed with the same Kalman filter settings implemented in the first experiment. This filter was benchmarked with a classical pass-band IIR filter and a Moving Average Convergence Divergence filter. Statistical analysis revealed that the Kalman filter was the most efficient to separate the two levels of load, by increasing the observed effect size in prefrontal areas involved in working memory. In addition, the use of a Kalman filter increased the performance of the classification of working memory levels based on brain signal. The results suggest that Kalman filter is a suitable approach for real-time improvement of near infrared spectroscopy signal in ecological situations and the development of Brain Computer Interfaces.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Observing ice clouds in the submillimeter spectral range: the CloudIce mission proposal for ESA's Earth Explorer 8

Author: Eric Defer, Susanne Crewell, Salomon Eliasson, Albin J. Gasiewski, C. Prigent, Jana Mendrok, F. Evans, Yasuko Kasai, Stefan A. Buehler, C. Jimenez, Clare Lee, Patrick Eriksson, Ralf Bennartz, National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Space technology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Range (aeronautics), Radiative transfer, Radar, lcsh:TA170-171, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Microwave sounding unit, business.industry, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Ranging, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Millimeter, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) method is an interesting alternative to the conventional eddy covariance (EC) method because it allows the estimation of turbulent fluxes of species for which fast sensors are not available. We have developed and validated a new disjunct sampling system (called MEDEE). This system is built with chemically inert materials. Air samples are taken quickly and alternately in two cylindrical reservoirs, the internal pressures of which are regulated by a moving piston. The MEDEE system was designed to be operated either on the ground or aboard an aircraft. It is also compatible with most analysers since it transfers the air samples at a regulated pressure. To validate the system, DEC and EC measurements of CO 2 and latent heat fluxes were performed concurrently during a field campaign. EC fluxes were first compared to simulated DEC (SDEC) fluxes and then to actual DEC fluxes. Both the simulated and actual DEC fluxes showed a good agreement with EC fluxes in terms of correlation. The determination coefficients (R 2) were 0.93 and 0.91 for DEC and SDEC latent heat fluxes, respectively. For DEC and SDEC CO 2 fluxes R 2 was 0.69 in both cases. The conditions of low fluxes experienced during the campaign impaired the comparison of the different techniques especially for CO 2 flux measurements. Linear regression analysis showed an 14 % underestimation of DEC fluxes for both CO 2 and latent heat compared to EC fluxes. A first field campaign, focusing on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, was carried out to measure isoprene fluxes above a downy oak (Quercus Pubescens) forest in the southeast of France. The measured standard emission rate was in the lower range of reported values in earlier studies. Further analysis will be conducted through ground-based and airborne campaigns in the coming years.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Characterization of marine diatom-infecting virus promoters in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Author: Masanori Okauchi, Arisa Miyagawa-Yamaguchi, Yuji Tomaru, Nozomu Kira, Haruo Yamaguchi, Takuma Okami, Masao Adachi, Liyuan Hou, Takamichi Yoshimatsu, Takeshi Ohama, Takashi Kadono, Kohei Ohnishi, Kazunari Fukunaga, Angela Falciatore, Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Harmful Algal Bloom Division, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Kochi University of Technology (KUT), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Green Fluorescent Proteins, Article, Fluorescence, Transformation, Genetic, Botany, Gene expression, Computer Simulation, Seawater, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, RNA, Messenger, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Gene, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Diatoms, Reporter gene, Multidisciplinary, biology, fungi, Reproducibility of Results, Promoter, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Flow Cytometry, Pennales, Cell biology, Diatom, Genes, Regulatory sequence, Viruses
Abstract: Viruses are considered key players in phytoplankton population control in oceans. However, mechanisms that control viral gene expression in prominent microalgae such as diatoms remain largely unknown. In this study, potential promoter regions isolated from several marine diatom-infecting viruses (DIVs) were linked to the egfp reporter gene and transformed into the Pennales diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We analysed their activity in cells grown under different conditions. Compared to diatom endogenous promoters, novel DIV promoter (ClP1) mediated a significantly higher degree of reporter transcription and translation. Stable expression levels were observed in transformants grown under both light and dark conditions and high levels of expression were reported in cells in the stationary phase compared to the exponential phase of growth. Conserved motifs in the sequence of DIV promoters were also found. These results allow the identification of novel regulatory regions that drive DIV gene expression and further examinations of the mechanisms that control virus-mediated bloom control in diatoms. Moreover, the identified ClP1 promoter can serve as a novel tool for metabolic engineering of diatoms. This is the first report describing a promoter of DIVs that may be of use in basic and applied diatom research.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Investigation of Terra Cotta artefacts with terahertz

Author: J. Labaune, J. Bianca Jackson, Jeffrey White, Alison Whyte, Laura d’Alessandro, Gerard Mourou, Michel Menu, Kaori Fukunaga, Institut de la Lumiére Extrême (ILE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Picometrix, Oriental Institute (OI), and University of Chicago
Subjects: Physics, Terahertz radiation, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 010309 optics, Cultural heritage, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 11. Sustainability, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Time domain, 0210 nano-technology, business, Reflection (computer graphics)
Abstract: International audience; Terahertz Time Domain Imaging has been used in the last few years for the investigation of cultural heritage. In this article, the authors demonstrate the possibility to apply it for the investigation of clay artifacts. Tomographic images were obtained of a model in reflection, and an Egyptian vessel in transmission. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. LES AND 'IN VITRO' EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF FLOW AROUND A TEETH-SHAPED OBSTACLE

Author: Xavier Pelorson, Annemie van Hirtum, Shinji Shimojo, Xavier Grandchamp, Kazunori Nozaki, GIPSA - Group aeroacoustics, modeling and application (GIPSA-GAMA), Département Parole et Cognition (GIPSA-DPC), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Cybermedia Center [Osaka] (CMC), Osaka University [Osaka], and ANR-07-JCJC-0055,turbospeech,Physical modelling of turbulent flow in the human upper airways(2007)
Subjects: Aperture, media_common.quotation_subject, Airflow, Flow (psychology), 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, media_common, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Physics, Jet (fluid), business.industry, Turbulence, Mechanical Engineering, Reynolds number, Laminar flow, 030206 dentistry, Mechanics, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Mechanics of Materials, symbols, business
Abstract: International audience; The current paper aims to provide numerical and experimental flow data relevant for physical modelling of human fricative sound production due to the interaction of airflow with the teeth. A simplified upper incisor-palate geometry is derived from typical morphological features. The geometry is inserted in a rectangular channel for which the width-to-height ratio yields 4. The obstruction degree due to the presence of the simplified upper incisor yields 70%. Numerical flow data are obtained from large eddy simulations. Experimental flow data are gathered from single-sensor anemometry on a rigid plaster print of the computational grid. Transverse velocity profiles are obtained downstream in the constricted area, i.e., from x = 0 up to x/h = 1.5 with h denoting the aperture height. The Reynolds number is set to 4000. The mean velocity profiles derived on simulated and measured data exhibit a strong asymmetry due to the presence of the obstruction. Nevertheless, significant differences appear with respect to the jet development, as e.g., quantified by the downstream evolution of the jet width or the appearance of significant turbulence intensities (>10%) at the teeth edge in the measured data whereas the simulated flow remains laminar.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)

Author: G. Forbes, Joseph M. Zawodny, C. Piccolo, Jeffrey R. Taylor, David W. Tarasick, Joe W. Waters, J. J. Jin, I. S. Boyd, B. J. Firanski, Sean D. McLeod, Larry W. Thomason, M. P. McCormick, Jonathan Davies, B.T. Marshall, E. Dupuy, H. Küllmann, C. Tétard, Michael Höpfner, F. Nichitiu, I. Kramer, I. S. McDermid, Alan Parrish, Martin McHugh, T. Steck, C. de Clercq, Nicholas B. Jones, M. De Mazière, P. Gerard, James R. Drummond, T. Blumenstock, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath, C. T. McElroy, Emmanuel Mahieu, Greg Bodeker, Ryan Hughes, Chris Roth, T. E. Kerzenmacher, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Heinrich Bovensmann, Kimberly Strong, David W. T. Griffith, Ashley Jones, Jakub Urban, James W. Hannigan, C. D. Boone, M. A. Wolff, R. Skelton, J. Dodion, Donal P. Murtagh, D. A. Degenstein, Filip Vanhellemont, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Claude Robert, J. C. McConnell, Adam Bourassa, Johan Mellqvist, Ugo Cortesi, J. Kar, P. von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, John P. Burrows, Cora E. Randall, Yasuhiro Murayama, Astrid Bracher, Corinne Vigouroux, Peter F. Bernath, Philippe Baron, T. Christensen, C. von Savigny, Denis Dufour, Florence Goutail, Nicholas D. Lloyd, Matthias Schneider, T. von Clarmann, Anne M. Thompson, S. V. Petelina, Gloria L. Manney, Tobias Borsdorff, M. T. Coffey, Armin Kleinböhl, Simon Chabrillat, Craig S. Haley, José Granville, Valéry Catoire, A. Strandberg, Yasuko Kasai, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Chris A. McLinden, Simone Ceccherini, Herbert Fischer, D. P. J. Swart, A. Kagawa, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Hermann Oelhaf, Colette Brogniez, P. Demoulin, Kenneth W. Jucks, C. Senten, Lucien Froidevaux, Jean-Christopher Lambert, J. Zou, E. J. Llewellyn, Caroline R. Nowlan, Ralf Sussmann, Didier Fussen, Kohei Mizutani, Kevin Strawbridge, M.B. Tully, Kaley A. Walker, Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Picomole Instruments Inc., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch] (NIWA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Environmental Research Institute [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory (ESSL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Centre For Atmospheric Research Experiments, Environment Canada Sable Island, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), GATS Inc., NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Department of Astronomy [Amherst], Department of Physics, La Trobe University, La Trobe University (Victoria), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Burrows, J. P., Christensen, T., National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung ( IMK ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Christchurch], Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] ( IUP ), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 ( LOA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Danish Meteorological Institute ( DMI ), Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory ( ESSL ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), SHTI - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Wollongong, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] ( CRESS ), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [Toronto] ( ESSE ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Australian Antarctic Division, Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] ( RIVM ), Department of Meteorology [PennState], PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] ( BoM ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung ( AWI ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, and University of Oxford
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sunset, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, 010309 optics, Troposphere, remote sensing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, atmospheric composition, 0103 physical sciences, remote-sensing, Atmospheric structrure, ddc:550, Sunrise, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Fourier transform spectroscopy, lcsh:QC1-999, Earth sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric compoistion, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper presents extensive validation analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. The ACE satellite instruments operate in the mid-infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions using the solar occultation technique. In order to continue the long-standing record of solar occultation measurements from space, a detailed quality assessment is required to evaluate the ACE data and validate their use for scientific purposes. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the mean differences range generally between 0 and +10% with a slight but systematic positive bias (typically +5%). At higher altitudes (45-60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments by up to ~40% (typically +20%). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, agreement within ±10% (generally better than ±5%) is found between 18 and 40 km for the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (45-55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (by as much as -10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS and indicate a large positive bias (+10 to +30%) in this altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements. These systematic effects in the ozone profiles retrieved from the measurements of ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO are being investigated. This work shows that the ACE instruments provide reliable, high quality measurements from the tropopause to the upper stratosphere and can be used with confidence in this vertical domain
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

113 results on '"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT)"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources