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23 results on '"National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon]"'

1. Blending drifters and altimetric data to estimate surface currents: Application in the Levantine Mediterranean and objective validation with different data types

Author

Georges Baaklini, Milena Menna, Julien Brajard, Leila Issa, Gina Fifani, Laurent Mortier, Milad Fakhri, Isabelle Taupier-Letage, Anthony Bosse, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Computer Science and Mathematics [Lebanese American University] (CSM/SAS/LAU), Lebanese American University (LAU), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Drifters, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Lagrangian data, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Data assimilation, Computer Science (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Altimeter, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010505 oceanography, Ocean current, Levantine Mediterranean, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Surface velocity field, Drifter, Eddy, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, Altimetry, Geostrophic wind, Geology
Abstract

International audience; An improved estimation of the surface currents in the Levantine Basin of the Mediterranean sea is crucial for a wide range of applications, including pollutants transport and nutrients distribution. This estimation remains challenging due to the scarcity or shortcomings of various data types used for this purpose. In this paper, we present an objective validation of a variational assimilation algorithm that blends geostrophic velocities derived from altimetry, wind-induced velocities, and drifter positions, to continuously obtain velocity corrections. The assessment of the validation impact was based on available independent in-situ data (current meters, gliders, and independent drifters) and satellite ocean color images. In all cases, the improvement was shown either qualitatively (position of the eddies) or quantitatively.

Published
2021
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2. The changing Mediterranean Basin through the lens of Mediterranean experts

Author

Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Guiot, Joel, Marini, Katarzyna, Cramer, Wolfgang, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MedECC Secretariat, Plan Bleu, France (MedECC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leydet, Michelle

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, climate change, society, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental change, adaptation, resources, ecosystems
Abstract

International audience; The different components of the Mediterranean Basin (land, coast, and sea) are undergoing significant changes due to multiple anthropogenic pressures, including climate change, pollution and other factors. The 1 st Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1), produced by the Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) and based on available scientific literature, provides a coherent and comprehensive synthesis of the status of the Mediterranean Basin, its main drivers and their impacts on both ecosystems and human dimensions, with a focus on water, food, energy, ecosystems and ecosystem services, development, health and human security. The report is the first multidisciplinary, trans-boundary assessment produced for this region and provides significant input to inform policy at regional, national and local levels. Its groundbreaking nature lies in the scope of the scientific assessment as well as in displaying the regional capacity to coordinate existing fragmented efforts in the region. The report highlights risks and possible response strategies that may help to increase the resilience to the effects of climate and environmental change. The conclusions show that effective policy responses, as well as in support of Sustainable Development Goals, encompass both strengthened mitigation of climate and environmental change and enhanced adaptation to their impacts. Socioeconomic factors of poverty, inequalities and gender imbalances presently hamper the achievement of sustainable development and climate resilience in Mediterranean countries.

Published
2021

3. Ecosystems

Author

Balzan, Mario V., Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Aroua, Najet, Baldy, Virginie, Dagher, Magda Bou, Branquinho, Cristina, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Bour, Monia El, Médail, Frédéric, Mojtahid, Meryem, Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Heras, Sergio Rossi, Schatz, Bertrand, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Zaimes, George N., Ziveri, Patrizia, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra (BISKRA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Science, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), Carthage - Salammbô, Tunisia, University of Angers, Angers, France, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (DiSTeBA), Uniersity of Salento, Salento, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cramer W, Guiot J, and Marini K

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

4. Ecosystems

Author

Balzan, Mario V., Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Aroua, Najet, Baldy, Virginie, Dagher, Magda Bou, Branquinho, Cristina, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Bour, Monia El, Médail, Frédéric, Mojtahid, Meryem, Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Heras, Sergio Rossi, Schatz, Bertrand, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Zaimes, George N., Ziveri, Patrizia, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Polytechnic School of Architecture and Urbanism, Algiers/ Laboratory of Architecture, Urbanism and Environmental Design, Department of Architecture, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Science, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), Carthage - Salammbô, Tunisia, University of Angers, Angers, France, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (DiSTeBA), Uniersity of Salento, Salento, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain, Cramer W, Guiot J, and Marini K

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

5. Ecosystems

Author

Balzan, Mario V., Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Aroua, Najet, Baldy, Virginie, Dagher, Magda Bou, Branquinho, Cristina, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Bour, Monia El, Médail, Frédéric, Mojtahid, Meryem, Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Heras, Sergio Rossi, Schatz, Bertrand, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Zaimes, George N., Ziveri, Patrizia, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Polytechnic School of Architecture and Urbanism, Algiers/ Laboratory of Architecture, Urbanism and Environmental Design, Department of Architecture, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Science, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), Carthage - Salammbô, Tunisia, University of Angers, Angers, France, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (DiSTeBA), Uniersity of Salento, Salento, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain, Cramer W, Guiot J, and Marini K

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

6. Ecosystems

Author

Balzan, Mario V., Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Aroua, Najet, Baldy, Virginie, Dagher, Magda Bou, Branquinho, Cristina, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Bour, Monia El, Médail, Frédéric, Mojtahid, Meryem, Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Heras, Sergio Rossi, Schatz, Bertrand, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Zaimes, George N., Ziveri, Patrizia, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra (BISKRA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Science, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), Carthage - Salammbô, Tunisia, University of Angers, Angers, France, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (DiSTeBA), Uniersity of Salento, Salento, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cramer W, Guiot J, and Marini K

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

7. First Mediterranean Assessment Report – Chapter 4: Ecosystems

Author

Balzan, Mario V., Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Aroua, Najet, Baldy, Virginie, Dagher, Magda Bou, Branquinho, Cristina, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Bour, Monia El, Médail, Frédéric, Mojtahid, Meryem, Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Heras, Sergio Rossi, Schatz, Bertrand, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., Zaimes, George N., Ziveri, Patrizia, Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra (BISKRA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), Carthage - Salammbô, Tunisia, University of Angers, Angers, France, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (DiSTeBA), Uniersity of Salento, Salento, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, UNESCO Chair Con-E-Ect, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cramer W, Guiot J, and Marini K

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
Full Text
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8. New Insights in Biocontrol Strategy against Cephalcia tannourinensis, the Principal Insect Defoliator of Lebanese Cedars

Author

Martine Rehayem, Elise Noujeim, Olivier Thaler, Bernard Duvic, Sylvie Pages, Nabil Nemer, Jean-Claude Ogier, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Holy-Spirit University of Kaslik, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Lebanon, and Programme Hubert Curien CEDRE franco-libanais [32953UL]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Integrated pest management, Cedrus libani, natural environmental conditions, Ecology, integrated pest management, Ecological Modeling, media_common.quotation_subject, Principal (computer security), Biological pest control, Forestry, Introduced species, Insect, Cephalcia tannourinensis, 15. Life on land, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Habitat, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Natural enemies, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Endemism, media_common
Abstract

International audience; Tannourine cedars forest, dominated by cedars (Cedrus libani, Richard), suffers from native sawfly attacks, Cephalcia tannourinensis (Chevin). The current study assesses the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) endemic to the forest for their potential use as biocontrol agents in an integrated pest management to control C. tannourinensis. A survey was conducted using Galleria mellonella baits in fifteen selected sites taking into consideration the cedars' different habitats. One EPN species, Steinernema feltiae, as determined by morphometric and molecular analyses, was found in one site in the forest and was tested under laboratory conditions against C. tannourinensis prepupae, causing a mortality of 64% at 250 Infective Juveniles (IJs)/prepupa. In light of previous studies, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (commercial strain) was accordingly considered for the controlled in situ experiments where the pathogenicity of this EPN was evaluated on C. tannourinensis. A concentration of 625,000 IJs/m(2) of H. bacteriophora caused a mortality rate of 85% on C. tannourinensis following inundative treatments conducted in jars buried in the forest's soil. While EPN succeeded to emerge from G. mellonella cadavers under the same conditions, no EPN emerged out of C. tannourinensis despite the high mortality percentage; also, opportunistic nematodes emerged unexpectedly out of C. tannourinensis cadavers.

Published
2018
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9. Monitoring Tropical Forest Structure Using SAR Tomography at L- and P-Band

Author

Marco Lavalle, Nicolas Baghdadi, Chadi Abdallah, Dinh Ho Tong Minh, Olivier Strauss, Yen-Nhi Ngo, Ibrahim El Moussawi, Jalal Jomaah, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology [Lebanese University], Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)

Subjects
Coefficient of determination, tomography SAR, AfriSAR, TropiSAR, LiDAR LVIS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, Science, Forest management, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Jet propulsion, Phase center, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Data processing, 15. Life on land, Lidar, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 3D radar, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; Our study aims to provide a comparison of the P- and L-band TomoSAR profiles, Land Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), and discrete return LiDAR to assess the ability for TomoSAR to monitor and estimate the tropical forest structure parameters for enhanced forest management and to support biomass missions. The comparison relies on the unique UAVSAR Jet propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/NASA L-band data, P-band data acquired by ONERA airborne system (SETHI), Small Footprint LiDAR (SFL), and NASA Land, Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS) LiDAR datasets acquired in 2015 and 2016 in the frame of the AfriSAR campaign. Prior to multi-baseline data processing, a phase residual correction methodology based on phase calibration via phase center double localization has been implemented to improve the phase measurements and compensate for the phase perturbations, and disturbances originated from uncertainties in allocating flight trajectories. First, the vertical structure was estimated from L- and P-band corrected Tomography SAR data measurements, then compared with the canopy height model from SFL data. After that, the SAR and LiDAR three-dimensional (3D) datasets are compared and discussed at a qualitative basis at the region of interest. The L- and P-band's performance for canopy penetration was assessed to determine the underlying ground locations. Additionally, the 3D records for each configuration were compared with their ability to derive forest vertical structure. Finally, the vertical structure extracted from the 3D radar reflectivity from L- and P-band are compared with SFL data, resulting in a root mean square error of 3.02 m and 3.68 m, where the coefficient of determination shows a value of 0.95 and 0.93 for P- and L-band, respectively. The results demonstrate that TomoSAR holds promise for a scientific basis in forest management activities.

Published
2019
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10. Temporal Variability of Zooplankton (2000-2013) in the Levantine Sea: Significant Changes Associated to the 2005-2010 EMT-like Event?

Author

Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Anthony Ouba, Lars Stemmann, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Salinity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Water Columns, Oceanography, Physical Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Abundance (ecology), Annelids, Lebanon, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Phenology, Temperature, Plants, Plankton, Crustaceans, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Seasons, Research Article, Arthropoda, Algae, Climate change, Environment, Zooplankton, Copepods, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Sea Water, Phytoplankton, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, fungi, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Molluscs, Invertebrates, Sea surface temperature, Chemical Properties, Gastropods, 13. Climate action, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Thermohaline circulation, Hydrology
Abstract

International audience; In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the potential impact of environmental changes on zooplankton abundance over a fourteen year period (2000–2013) at an offshore station in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (the Levantine basin, offshore Lebanon). Samples were collected monthly and analyzed using the semi-automated system ZooScan. Salinity, temperature and phytoplankton abundance (nano and microphytoplankton) were also measured. Results show no significant temporal trend in sea surface temperature over the years. Between 2005–2010, salinity in the upper layer (0–80 m) of the Levantine basin increased (~0.3°C). During this 5 year period, total zooplankton abundance significantly increased. These modifications were concomitant to the activation of Aegean Sea as a source of dense water formation as part of the " Eastern Mediterranean Transient-like " event. The results of the present study suggested that zooplankton benefited from enhanced phytoplankton production during the mixing years of the event. Changes in the phenology of some taxa were observed accordingly with a predominantly advanced peak of zooplankton abundance. In conclusion, long-term changes in zooplankton abundance were related to the Levantine thermohaline circulation rather than sea surface warming. Sampling must be maintained to assess the impact of long-term climate change on zooplankton communities.

Published
2016
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11. Population biology of an endangered species: the common guitarfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos in Lebanese marine waters of the eastern Mediterranean Sea

Author

Lteif, M., Mouawad, R., Khalaf, G., Lenfant, P., Verdoit-Jarraya, M., Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, and Holy-Spirit University of Kaslik [Jounieh]

Subjects
life history, overfishing, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, IUCN, reproductive biology, chondrichthyan, Lebanon
Abstract

International audience; This study focuses on the population biology of the common guitarfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos, a cartilaginousfish listed as Endangered in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)Red List. Between December 2012 and January 2014, 67 individuals were collected by bottom longliningin coastal Lebanese marine waters at different ports at depths ranging from 10 to 110 m. The totallength (LT) of the specimens ranged from 50 to 143 cm, and the mean±s.d. was 76⋅2±19⋅7 cm. Themost common LT classes were between 60 and 70 cm. The total mass of the specimens ranged from410 to 10 000 g, and the mean±s.d. was 1841±1987 g. A total of 34 males and 33 females werecollected, and the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1. The mass and LT relationshipshowed positive allometric growth (b=3⋅096 and r2 =0⋅99), and the mean±s.d. LT at which 50% ofthe individuals were sexually mature was 84⋅73±5⋅81 cm for females and 78⋅57±4⋅88 cm for males.The gonado-somatic and hepato-somatic indices were determined along with a condition factor, andparturition appeared to occur in winter. The primary prey items found in the fish stomachs during theautumn and winter seasons were Penaeidae. The results of this study will help to parameterize modelsof the population dynamics for this exploited fish stock to ensure the long-term sustainability of itsfishery.

Published
2016
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12. Modelling surface currents in the Eastern Levantine Mediterranean using surface drifters and satellite altimetry

Author

Pierre-Marie Poulain, Laurent Mortier, Daniel Hayes, Milad Fakhri, Leila Issa, Julien Brajard, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics [Lebanese American University] (CSM/SAS/LAU), Lebanese American University (LAU), Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Coupling environmental data and simulation models for software integration (CLIME), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Cyprus Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus (UCY), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Drifters, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Lagrangian data, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Divergence, Data assimilation, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Altimeter, Trajectory (fluid mechanics), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010505 oceanography, Advection, Ocean current, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Geodesy, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Surface velocity field, Drifter, Altimetry, Geostrophic wind, Geology, Eastern Levantine Mediterranean
Abstract

We present a new and fast method that blends altimetric and drifter positions data in order to predict the surface velocity in the Eastern Levantine Mediterranean. The method relies on a variational assimilation approach where a velocity correction is continuously obtained by matching observed drifter positions with those predicted by a simple advection model. The background velocity used in the advection of the drifters is the aggregate of a geostrophic and a wind-driven component and the velocity correction is constrained to be divergence free. The algorithm employs a sliding time window that assimilates at once and inside each frame, an entire trajectory of drifters. We show that with few drifters, our method improves the estimation of velocity in two typical situations: an eddy between the Lebanese coast and Cyprus, and velocities along the Lebanese coast.

Published
2016
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13. Phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts from coastal areas in lebanon

Author

Francesca De Luca, Eustachio Tarasco, Joe Sakr, Alberto Troccoli, Sylvie Pages, Elena Fanelli, Elise Noujeim, National Center for Marine Sciences, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (Di.S.S.P.A.), Università degli studi di Bari, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil test, bactérie symbiotique, nematode, Biology, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biodiversité, symbiotic bacteria, genetique des populations, Genus, Phylogenetics, Botany, phylogénie, liban, survey, 14. Life underwater, entomopathogens, Lebanon, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, zoology, Entomopathogenic nematode, zoologie, biology.organism_classification, entomopathogen, 010602 entomology, Nematode, nématode entomopathogène, insect nematodes, Soil water, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Symbiotic bacteria
Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are parasites of soil-dwelling insects that occur in natural and agricultural soils around the world. The current study focuses on the unexplored coastal zone of Lebanon where soil samples were taken in different sites chosen randomly along the coast like beaches, agricultural and herbaceous fields. In total, 350 soil samples were collected, mainly from the southern part of the country. An integrated approach, combining both traditional (morphological) and molecular methods, was used to characterize entomopathogenic nematode species encountered. Two named-species are added to the EPNs catalog in Lebanon from 4 samples out of the total 350 samples isolated: Heterorhabditis indica , reported for the first time in the country (samples AYAB6 and BRA20) and Steinernema feltiae (samples ANFA5 and EDA1). Furthermore, one undescribed potential entomopathogenic nematode belonging to Oscheius genus was recovered. The symbiotic bacteria from S . feltiae and H . indica were also molecularly identified through the use of five gene fragments recA , gyrB , dnaN , gltX and infB . Phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria were inferred by using maximum-likelihood analysis. Soil studies were subsequently carried out in order to assess a possible relationship between soil parameters and their effects on EPNs. Results indicate that sandy texture and moisture are key factors for the presence and survival of EPNs in the soil in Lebanon.

Published
2016
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14. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area

Author

Fakhri, Milad, Romano, Jean-Claude, Abboud-Abi Saab, Marie, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), COMA, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)

Subjects
River, Phosphate plant, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Key words: Lebanon,Drifting drogue,Wind,River,Phosphate plant, Wind, Lebanon, Drifting drogue, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; Batroun coastal marine zone - North Lebanon - is subjected to the discharges of two terrestrial sources of contamination, the phosphate plant of Selaata and Al-Jaouz River. In the aim to study their impact on the horizontal variability of sea water characteristics at short spatio-temporal scale, the displacement of water masses was followed under different wind conditions through the movement of a free drifting drogue. The wind regime played an essential role in the displacement and spreading of various contaminants over a wide area. The impact of Selaata chemical plant was shown not to be limited to Batroun marine area but its impact may invade further neighbouring northern marine area of the Lebanese coast.

Published
2015

15. Acidification of the Mediterranean Sea from anthropogenic carbon penetration

Author

Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Elissar Gemayel, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Cédric Falco, Véronique Guglielmi, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of the Aegean, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyse en Géo-Environnement et Santé (IMAGES), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Structural basin, Oceanography, Anthropogenic CO2, 01 natural sciences, ANT, Acidification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Calcium carbonate, Mediterranean sea, chemistry, Mediterranean Sea, Carbonate, 14. Life underwater, Hydrography, Carbonate system, Geology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This study presents an estimation of the anthropogenic CO 2 (C ANT ) concentrations and acidification (ΔpH=pH 2013 –pH pre-industrial ) in the Mediterranean Sea, based upon hydrographic and carbonate chemistry data collected during the May 2013 MedSeA cruise. The concentrations of C ANT were calculated using the composite tracer TrOCA. The C ANT distribution shows that the most invaded waters (>60 µmol kg −1 ) are those of the intermediate and deep layers in the Alboran, Liguro- and Algero-Provencal Sub-basins in the Western basin, and in the Adriatic Sub-basin in the Eastern basin. Whereas the areas containing the lowest C ANT concentrations are the deep layers of the Eastern basin, especially those of the Ionian Sub-basin, and those of the northern Tyrrhenian Sub-basin in the Western basin. The acidification level in the Mediterranean Sea reflects the excessive increase of atmospheric CO 2 and therefore the invasion of the sea by C ANT . This acidification varies between −0.055 and −0.156 pH unit and it indicates that all Mediterranean Sea waters are already acidified, especially those of the Western basin where ΔpH is rarely less than −0.1 pH unit. Both C ANT concentrations and acidification levels are closely linked to the presence and history of the different water masses in the intermediate and deep layers of the Mediterranean basins. Despite the high acidification levels, both Mediterranean basins are still highly supersaturated in calcium carbonate minerals.

Published
2015
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16. Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters

Author

Gemayel, Elissar, Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Benallal, Mohamed, Goyet, Catherine, Rivaro, P, Abboud-Abi Saab, M, Krasakopoulou, E, Touratier, Franck, Ziveri, P, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genova University, Universita degli studi di Genova, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Department of Marine Sciences [Aegean], University of the Aegean, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; A compilation of several cruises data from 1998 to 2013 was used to derive polynomial fits that estimate total alkalinity (AT) and total inorganic carbon (CT) from measurements of salinity and temperature in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters. The optimal equations were chosen based on the 10-fold cross validation results and revealed that a second and third order polynomials fit the AT and CT data respectively. The AT surface fit showed an improved root mean square error (RMSE) of ±10.6 μmol kg−1. Furthermore we present the first annual mean CT parameterization for the Mediterranean Sea surface waters with a RMSE of ±14.3 μmol kg−1. Excluding the marginal seas of the Adriatic and the Aegean, these equations can be used to estimate AT and CT in case of the lack of measurements. The seven years averages (2005–2012) mapped using the quarter degree climatologies of the World Ocean Atlas 2013 showed that in surface waters AT and CT have similar patterns with an increasing eastward gradient. The surface variability is influenced by the inflow of cold Atlantic waters through the Strait of Gibraltar and by the oligotrophic and thermohaline gradient that characterize the Mediterranean Sea. The summer-winter seasonality was also mapped and showed different patterns for AT and CT. During the winter, the AT and CT concentrations were higher in the western than in the eastern basin, primarily due to the deepening of the mixed layer and upwelling of dense waters. The opposite was observed in the summer where the eastern basin was marked by higher AT and CT concentrations than in winter. The strong evaporation that takes place in this season along with the ultra-oligotrophy of the eastern basin determines the increase of both AT and CT concentrations.

Published
2015
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17. Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State

Author

Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Patrizia Ziveri, Gianmarco Ingrosso, Catherine Goyet, Elissar Gemayel, Michele Giani, Franck Touratier, Véronique Guglielmi, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Water Masses, 01 natural sciences, MIX Approach, Oceanography, Mediterranean sea, Mixing Coefficient, 13. Climate action, Mediterranean Sea, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Steady state (chemistry), Seawater Circulation, Surface water, Geology, Mixing (physics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Most global ocean models are based on the assumption of a " steady state " ocean. Here, we investigate the validation of this hypothesis for the anthropized Mediterranean Sea. In order to do so, we calculated the mixing coefficients of the water masses detected in this sea via an optimum multiparameter analysis referred to as the MIX approach, using data from the BOUM (2008) and MedSeA (2013) cruises. The comparison of the mixing coefficients of each water mass, between 2008 and 2013, indicates that some of their proportions have significantly changed. Surface water mass proportions did not change significantly (∆ 0.05-0.1), while intermediate and deep water mass mixing coefficients of both Eastern and Western basins were significantly modified (~∆ 0.35). This study clearly shows that the Mediterranean seawater is not in a " steady state " .

Published
2015
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18. Modeling of the Total Alkalinity and the Total Inorganic Carbon in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Patrizia Ziveri, Véronique Guglielmi, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Franck Touratier, Cédric Falco, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Catherine Goyet, Elissar Gemayel, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), University of the Aegean, Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Earth and Climate, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Carbonate System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Alkalinity, Total Alkalinity, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Salinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography, Mediterranean sea, chemistry, Total inorganic carbon, 13. Climate action, Dissolved organic carbon, Mediterranean Sea, Carbonate, Fits, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
Abstract

International audience; Measurements of the CO 2 system parameters in the Mediterranean Sea are relatively scarce and not representative for all its sub-basins. High quality data collected on May 2013 during the 2013 MedSeA cruise covering the whole basin were used to provide for the first time linear relationships estimating the total alkalinity (A T) and the total dissolved inorganic carbon (C T) from salinity in each Mediterranean basin and sub-basin at different depth layers. These correlations show that a substantial quantity of alkalinity is added to the seawater during its residence time in the Mediterranean Sea, whereas the biological processes, the air-sea exchange and the high remineralization rate are responsible of the high C T concentrations in this sea. Moreover, these fits could be used to estimate the A T and C T from salinity where there are not available measurements of the carbonate system parameters.

Published
2015
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19. Evaluation de la contamination chimique et changement du régime alimentaire des marsouins communs (Phocoena phocoena) échoués au sud de la mer du Nord

Author

Mahfouz, Celine, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Rachid Amara, Gaby Khalaf, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])

Subjects
contamination chimique, marsouin commun, chemical contamination, stable isotopes, southern North Sea, contenus stomacaux, fatty acids, stomach contents, sud mer du Nord, régime alimentaire, isotopes stable, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, acides gras, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, harbour porpoise, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, diet
Abstract

The North Sea is heavily impacted by human activities such as overfishing and pollution. Due to their position as top predators in the ocean, marine mammals are becoming increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities. The large-scale surveys SCANS in 1994 and SCANS II in 2005 that were held in the North Sea to estimate the abundance of small cetaceans highlighted a major shift in the distribution of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the northern parts of the North Sea to its eastern parts. Alongside, over the past few decades harbour porpoises stranding has increased in the southern North Sea particularly along the French and Belgian coastal waters. Since the contaminant exposure presents, among others, a potential threat to harbour porpoises inhabiting the North Sea, the first objective of the present study was to assess the contamination status of this species in the southern North Sea. On the other hand, the distribution and abundance of marine mammals is expected to follow the distribution of their main prey species. Hence, the second objective of this study was to investigate whether the changes in the distribution of porpoises in the southern North Sea may be a result of the changes in prey availability. Moreover, the third objective was to evaluate the interest of combining three methods to investigate the diet of harbour porpoises: stomach contents, stable isotopes (carbon and nitrogen) and fatty acids analyses.First, the contamination status was evaluated through the determination of two components of chemical contaminants (metals and persistent organic pollutants) in tissues of harbour porpoises stranded along the southern North Sea between 2006 and 2013. Several chemical contaminants presented higher concentrations in diseased animals compared to healthy animals. In addition, some metallic contaminants showed bioaccumulation with age. Comparison with previous study suggests that the population status of harbour porpoises in term of chemical concentration has been stable from 1994 to 2013. This work suggested that the increase in the number of stranded individuals is not related to the decline in the quality of the environment.Secondly, the shift in the abundance of harbour porpoises was evaluated and interpreted in the light of prey species abundance. Three techniques were used in order to determine the diet of porpoises. Results highlighted the presence of gobies, whiting, sandeel, sprat, trisopterus sp., herring and sardine as potential preys. The shift of the abundance of porpoises form the northern parts of the North Sea to its southern parts was attributed to the sandeel abundance decline in the northern parts of the North Sea along with the re-invasion of the southern North Sea by the sardine species, probably in response to climate change.Finally, the value of a multi-approach dietary analysis was evaluated. Besides overcoming the limitations of each method, combining different techniques that integrate diet over days and weeks allowed gaining more complete understanding of harbour porpoise’s diet.; De par l’importance et la diversité des pressions anthropiques en mer du Nord, les mammifères marins en tant que prédateurs supérieurs se trouvent de plus en plus exposés à ces activités (trafic maritime, activités industrielles et portuaires, surpêche, pollution chimique, etc.). Les campagnes d’observation SCANS et SCANS II mises en place en 1994 et 2005 pour estimer l’abondance des petits cétacés, ont mis en évidence un changement majeur dans la distribution du marsouin commun (Phocoena phocoena) en mer du Nord avec un déplacement du Nord vers le Sud. Ce changement peut être lié à une migration de ses proies préférentielles en mer du Nord et/ou à une adaptation de son régime alimentaire par rapport à la disponibilité des proies. Parallèlement à ces modifications de distribution spatiale, un nombre croissant d’échouages de marsouin commun en Manche Orientale et sur les côtes belges a été observé depuis une dizaine d’années avec une augmentation conséquente ces deux dernières années. Pour étudier les causes responsables de ces échouages, un des objectifs de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’état de la contamination chimique des animaux échoués en relation avec l’état sanitaire des individus. L’analyse de deux familles de composés chimiques (éléments traces métalliques et polluants organiques persistants) sur des animaux échoués sur la période 2006-2013 révèlent des concentrations significativement plus élevées dans les organes des animaux présentant des pathologies que celles obtenues chez les animaux sains. Cette tendance a déjà été observée en Atlantique Nord pour le marsouin. Les comparaisons des niveaux de concentration mesurées avec ceux d’études antérieures effectuées sur des marsouins échoués dans la même zone ou dans le Golfe de Gascogne suggèrent que l’augmentation du nombre de marsouin échoué n’est pas liée à une dégradation du milieu en termes de pollution chimique.Pour déterminer le régime alimentaire du marsouin commun, trois techniques complémentaires ont été utilisées : l’analyse des contenus stomacaux, des isotopes stables (carbone et azote) et des acides gras dans différents tissus. Pour ces deux dernières méthodes, les signatures obtenues pour le marsouin ont été comparées à celle de leurs proies potentielles. Les résultats ont mis en évidence la présence des gobies, merlan, lançon, sprat, trisopterus sp., hareng et sardine comme proies potentielles. Le déplacement des marsouins du nord jusqu’au sud de la mer du Nord a été attribué à la baisse de l’abondance du lançon dans le nord, ainsi qu’à la ré-invasion du sud de la mer du Nord par la sardine, probablement suite au changement climatique. Enfin cette étude confirme la nécessité d’utiliser une approche multi-analyses qui intègre des informations complémentaires à différentes échelles de temps pour étudier le régime alimentaire de ces prédateurs supérieurs.

Published
2014

20. Reliability-based analysis of circular footings using response surface methodology

Author

Youssef Abdel Massih, D. S., Kalfa, M., Soubra, Abdul-Hamid, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], Brown M. J., Bransby M. F., Brennan A. J., and Knappett J. A.

Subjects
numerical simulations, reliability, limit states, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], circular footing, response surface, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

9781848060449; International audience; In this paper, a reliability-based analysis of a circular foundation resting on a $(c,ϕ)$ soil and subjected to a vertical load is presented. Both the ultimate and the serviceability limit states are considered. The two deterministic models used are based on numerical simulations using the finite difference code FLAC 3D . The first model computes the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation and the second one calculates the footing vertical displacement due an applied vertical load. The Hasofer-Lind reliability index is adopted for the assessment of the foundation reliability. The random variables considered are the soil shear strength parameters for the ultimate limit state and the soil elastic properties for the serviceability limit state. The response surface methodology is used to find an approximation of the analytically-unknown limit state surfaces and the corresponding reliability indexes. The numerical results have shown that the assumption of uncorrelated soil parameters is conservative in comparison to the one of negatively correlated variables. The failure probability was highly influenced by the coefficient of variation of the angle of internal friction for the ultimate limit state and the Young modulus for the serviceability limit state. The computation of the system failure probability involving both the ultimate and the serviceability limit states was also presented and discussed.

Published
2008

21. Impact of phosphate factory on the biological characteristics of North Lebanon surface sediments (Levantine Basin)

Author

Fakhri, Milad, Abboud - Abi Saab, Marie, Romano, Jean-Claude, Mouawad, Rita, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine (DIMAR), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Meiofauna, sediments, chlorophyll a, Lebanon, Levantine basin
Abstract

11 p.; This study aims to analyse the surface sediment of Batroun coastal area in North Lebanon in order to reveal the integrating impact of Selaata chemical plant on its biological properties. Sediment samples were collected with cores by diving at 12 stations in summer period between mid July and beginning of August 2003. The values of the hydobiological parameters in the first 3 cm were ranging respectively between: 4.17 to 7.9 for pH, 0 to 171 mV for Eh,, 0 to 0.94 µg.g-1 for chlorophyll a and 24 to 4166 ind.10 cm-2 for meiofauna. The results showed that there was a reverse relationship between chlorophyll a and meiofauna and that Batroun marine area could be separated in two main areas of influence The first area includes the stations located in front of the main north-western emissary and where the sediments were more acid and less oxygenated with strong odour of hydrogen sulphide accompanied with high chlorophyll a contents and low numbers of meiofauna. The second area is consisted of stations located to the south or far offshore from the plant and where the sediments are characterized by lower acidity and higher redox potential with low chlorophyll a concentrations and higher population of meifauna. Exception could be found in some stations like M8 and M 13 that presented particular cases. The impact on the biological indices was limited to plant proximity where conditions were more perturbing and the variability in the concentrations of chlorophyll a and the numbers of meiofauna were not depending on sediments compositions but on the nature and toxicity of particulate matters rejected out of plant's emissaries such as the phosphogypsum.

Published
2008

22. The use of sediments to assess the impact of Selaata phosphate plant on Batroun coastal area (Lebanon, Levantine Basin)

Author

Fakhri, Milad, Abboud-Abi Saab, Marie, Romano, Jean-Claude, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), COMA, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, sediments, Lebanon, Levantine basin, phosphate plant, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; The sediments of twelve coastal stations located in Batroun marine area (North Lebanon, Levantine basin) which is subjected to the impact of Selaata phosphate fertilizers plant were studied horizontally and vertically during summer of 2003. In order to delimit the factory's spatial influence, the distribution of inorganic phosphate in surface sediments was explored and compared with orthophosphate mean concentrations in surface water. Also in order to draw a chronological history for the plant's functioning, the vertical distribution of inorganic phosphate associated with organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) distribution in the different levels of sediment down to 15 cm was studied. The concentrations of inorganic phosphate varied from 597 to 2279 ug.g-1 in the surface sediments of the stations located out of the main outlets' influence (M1 to M6 and M12 to M13), while they were extremely high, fluctuating between 8068 and 64256 ug.g-1 at the stations (M7 to M10) located under the direct influence of Selaata factory. A significant positive correlation existed between the inorganic phosphate in sediments and the orthophosphate in sea water. The wole studied area was affected by phosphate emissions and was classified into 2 zones: the first one is indirectly touched by the plant's effluents and located to the south and offshore of the factory, and the second directly influenced by the plant's outputs and located to the west and west-northern side. The penetration in different sediment levels showed that at stations located far from the plant's main outlets, there were difficulties in determining any of plant's history because of the homogeneity of phosphate and organic matter distribution associated to strong hydrodynamism. Where as the sediments of stations located in front of the west-northern outlets could elaborate and highlight part of the phosphate factory's operational history and could show that in this zone of Batroun marine area the plant's sedimentation rate had overcome that of the natural processes.

Published
2008

23. High-resolution nested model for the Lebanese coastal area, Eastern Mediterranean: implementation and climatological runs

Author

George Zodiatis, Roberto Sorgente, S. Natale, N. Kabbara, Daniel Hayes, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), International Marine Center, Oceanography Centre, and University of Cyprus

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, High resolution, Forcing (mathematics), Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Princeton Ocean Model, Nested set model, Eastern mediterranean, Oceanography, Open sea, Climatology, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

As a part of the project Mediterranean Network to Assess and Upgrade Monitoring and Forecasting Activity in the Region (MAMA) we implemented a high resolution nested hydrodynamic model (1/40° horizontal grid, 16 sigma levels) for the coastal, shelf and open sea areas off the Lebanese coast, East Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The Lebanese Shelf Model (LSM) is a version of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). It is nested in a coarse resolution model the Aegean Levantine Eddy Resolving Model (1/20° horizontal grid, 25 sigma levels), ALERMO, that covers the Eastern Mediterranean. The nesting is one way so that velocity, temperature, and salinity along the open boundaries are interpolated from the relevant coarse model variables. Numerical simulations have been carried out under climatological surface and lateral forcing. Due to the relatively small domain, the results closely follow the simulation of the intermediate model with more details especially over the narrow shelf region. Simulations reproduce main circulation features and coastal circulation characteristics over the eastern Levantine shelf. This paper describes the modeling system setup, compares the simulations with the corresponding results of the coarse model ALERMO, and with the observed climatological circulation characteristics in the Levantine Basin off the Lebanese coast.

Published
2006
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