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6. Zero-Waste Processes Utilizing Microbes

Author

Mutebele, Moffat, Ramasamy, Subbaiya, Johnson, Todd, Sivasubramanian, Manikandan, Arunachalam, Kalirajan, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, Mukupa, George, Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, Series Editor, Bala, Kiran, editor, Ghosh, Tonmoy, editor, Kumar, Vivek, editor, and Sangwan, Pritam, editor

Published
2024
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7. Zero-Waste Processes Utilizing Microbes

Author

Mutebele, Moffat, primary, Ramasamy, Subbaiya, additional, Johnson, Todd, additional, Sivasubramanian, Manikandan, additional, Arunachalam, Kalirajan, additional, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, additional, and Mukupa, George, additional

Published
2024
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11. List of contributors

Author

Abdullah, N., primary, Ainun, Z.M.A., additional, Amran, S., additional, Areej, F., additional, Bhardwaj, Nishi Kant, additional, Boon, J.G., additional, Boruah, Sunita, additional, Bujang, J.S., additional, Fatriasari, Widya, additional, Hassan, N.M.H., additional, Ilyas, R.A., additional, Jahan, M. Sarwar, additional, Jalil, Rafidah, additional, Jamaluddin, Nurul Ain Nadirah, additional, Jasmani, Latifah, additional, Kalita, Binita Baishya, additional, Karimah, Azizatul, additional, Kaur, P., additional, Maghchiche, Abdelhak, additional, Mohd Ashadie, K., additional, Muta Harah, Z., additional, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, additional, Nayeem, Jannatun, additional, Nazrin, A., additional, Ni, Yonghao, additional, Popy, Razia Sultana, additional, Rahman, M. Mostafizur, additional, Ramaiya, S.D., additional, Salleh, Nur Areisman Mohd, additional, Sapuan, S.M., additional, Sharma, N., additional, Suhaimi, N.M., additional, Syed, N.N.F., additional, Tripathi, Sandeep Kumar, additional, Wistara, Nyoman J., additional, and Zakiah, S., additional

Published
2023
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14. Dehydrated Food Waste and Leftover for Trench Composting.

Author

Aziz, Khalida, Amin, Naweedullah, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, Irie, Mami, Md. Yusoff, Irwan Syah, Abdullah, Luqman Chuah, Azmi, Amirrudin, and Ismail, Muhammad Heikal

Subjects
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, FOOD waste recycling, DRIED foods, WASTE management, FOOD industry, COMPOSTING
Abstract

The growing global population has a persistently negative impact on the economy and ecology due to food waste. This topic has recently received much attention from around the world. For both homes and the food processing industry, recycling food waste is crucial to waste management. This study aims to show how dehydrated food scraps and leftovers can be used as raw materials for trench compost to enhance soil quality and reduce leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed that the pre-treatment and air temperature significantly affected the finished trench compost products' EC, pH, and nutrient content. Pretreated dried leftover at 80°C after trench compost was found to have the highest value of CNH, S (36.53%), and micronutrients (0.103404%) when compared to micronutrients in the final product of pre-treatment dried leftover at 80°C after trench compost that was (0.057273%). Dehydrated leftovers from trench compost were thought to have nutrient content that would improve soil quality, slow decomposition, and reduce odor, thus enabling more frequent trash collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Formulation of topical gel Cinnamomum Burmannii extract with carboxy methyl cellulose and its physical stability testing for oral wound healing purposes.

Author

Arinawati, Dian Yosi, Sholahuddin, Sholahuddin, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, Musyrhifatun, Baiq Kholida, Larasati, Elshanti Jeihan, Septia, Brilian Nindy, Asada, Chikako, and Nakamura, Yoshitoshi

Subjects
METHYLCELLULOSE, WOUND healing, CINNAMOMUM, ORAL examinations (Education), CELLULOSE, ODORS, HERBAL medicine
Abstract

Ulcers are defined as the continuity of the epithelial layer, which causes the connective tissue to be exposed to the oral cavity environment. The body has a physiological function as a wound response consisting of several phases, namely hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling/maturation, each of which overlaps. It was reported that an herbal medicine named Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) has many beneficial ingredients that stimulate wound healing. This study aims to develop Cinnamomum Burmannii extract in gel formulation with various concentrations of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and evaluate its physical stability. The study used an experimental laboratory. The concentration of CMC-Na used in this study was 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Physical Stability testing in this study was texture, color, odor, homogeneity, pH, spreadability and adhesion tests. The result of Cinnamomum Burmannii gel extract stored for 14 days revealed that the ingredient of 3% CMC-Na indicated the best physical stability result. The texture was viscous, and the color was brown. It had a strong odor, good homogeneity, and pH 5. The spreadability was 2.7±0.31 cm and 3.26 minutes of adhesion. In conclusion, 3% CMC-NA in gel formulation of Cinnamomum Burmannii extract had the best physical stability testing result and potential for oral wound healing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Comparative Analysis of Carbonic Anhydrase with Reference to Anopheles gambiae – A Vector of Malaria and its Homology Model Prediction

Author

Nathan Vinod Kumar

Subjects
carbonic anhydrase, homology model, protein structure, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is widely distributed enzyme which plays a crucial role in hydration of carbon dioxide. CA of Anopheles gambiae, a common vector that transmits the malaria disease in tropical countries is not well studies. CA is essential for the normal physiological function and inhibition of it can lead to lethal effect. Recently, CA was identified as a potential drug target for developing mosquito larvicidal drugs. CA of A. gambiae was characterized and compared with 12 other members of the class insecta. CA of A. gambiae comprised of 309 amino acid residues with 34.56 kDa and theoretical pI of 6.34. The Leu rich protein had more of negatively charged residues and was classified as a stable protein. Mitochondrial targeting peptide containing enzyme had about 46.28% random coils, 28.16% α-helix and 3.24% β-turns. The homology model for the CA of A. gambiae was predicted using template 4lu3.1.A and the model quality was validated by least RMSD score, Z-score and Ramachandran plot analysis. The present study is a preliminary report exploring proteomics aspects of CA of A. gambiae using in silico tools.

Published
2020
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24. Identification of coastal pesticide pollutants as potent inhibitors of Bacillus pasteuriiurease mediated calcium carbonate precipitation: a computational approach

Author

Ganapathy Vilasam Sreekala, Aparna, Gupta, Krishna Kant, and Nathan, Vinod Kumar

Abstract

AbstractMicrobially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) through urease enzyme has attained a lot of recognition in various fields of civil engineering and geotechnology for stabilizing the strength of soil and various concrete materials. The activity of urease has been found to be affected by various factors like temperature, substrate concentrations, pH of the medium, presence of inhibitors, etc. Through this study, the outcome of the interaction of pesticides (commonly found in Indian coastal regions) on Bacillus pasteuriiurease, a major organism reported for MICP studies has been investigated in silico. The results from the study revealed that the enzyme has higher interactions of −4.1, −3.2, and −3.4 kJ/mol with common pesticides like dichloro diphenyl dichloro ethane(DDD), dichloro diphenyl trichloroe thane (DDT), and methyl parathion of organochlorides and organophosphates class. From the molecular dynamics simulation analysis, complex 1 (DDD -receptor) has been found to have the highest and more compact structure followed by methyl parathion -receptor. Prime MM-GBSA analysis also revealed the highest binding energy of −27.8 kcal/mol with the protein and DDD. Thus, it can be inferred from the current study that pesticides, particularly, DDD, DDT, and methyl parathion present in the coastal areas may have an impact on urease. This interaction can result in the inhibition of the urease activity of B. pasteurii,thus preventing the biomineralization process. This study would be the first report on the computational approach to understanding the interaction of prominent pesticides on the coastal region and B. pasteuriiurease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Published
2024
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39. Contributors

Author

Abdulla, Mohamed Hatha, Abramova, Anna, Akanmu, Akinlolu Olalekan, Ammini, Parvathi, Arockiaraj, Jesu, Arul Shiny, Mariadhason, Asha, Santhi, Ayangbenro, Ayansina Segun, Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti, Bacci, Giovanni, Bargiela, Rafael, Barik, Shubham, Becerra, Manuel, Bedse, Mandar, Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, Bhardwaj, Soumya, Bhavana, Karippadakam, Bombaywala, Sakina, Boulund, Fredrik, Casbarra, Lorenzo, Dafale, Nishant A., De, Rituparna, DeCastro, María-Eugenia, Deepthi, Mottakunja, Deo, Priya Nimish, Desgarennes, Damaris, Dhotre, Dhiraj Prakash, Escuder-Rodríguez, Juan-José, Fadiji, Ayomide Emmanuel, Ferrer, Manuel, Flores-Núñez, Víctor M., Fonseca-García, Citlali, González-Siso, María-Isabel, Gopinath, Devi, Grace, Tony, Guru, Ajay, Hassan, Saqib, Iyyadurai, Mariappan, Jairath, Gauri, Jonsson, Viktor, Jose, Mareena, Kadnikov, Vitaly V., Kamalakkannan, Ranganathan, Kannoth, Shalini, Karamveer, Karamveer, Karmarkar, Bhagyashree, Krishnaveni, Muthan, Kristiansson, Erik, Kumar, Anupam, Ma, Zhanshan (Sam), Mal, Gorakh, Malla, Muneer Ahmad, Mardanov, Andrey V., Martínez-Martínez, Mónica, Marunganathan, Vanitha, Meenatchi, Ramu, Méndez-García, Celia, Merlin Sobia, Poomani, Mohan, Suma, Nagarajan, Muniyandi, Nandi, Amartya, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, Partida-Martínez, Laila P., Pereira, Mariana Buongermino, Prabhu, Devachandana C., Prabhu, Vandana R., Prathiviraj, Ragothaman, Priya, P. Snega, Ramazzotti, Matteo, Rathika, Regurajan, Ravin, Nikolai V., Rialch, Ajayta, Rodríguez-Belmonte, Esther, Sadanandan, Shemmy, Sharma, Rinku, Singh, Birbal, Singh, Goldy, Singh, Kiran, Solanki, Jaykishan, Suravajhala, Prashanth, Suresh, Aparna, Tiwari, Arushi, Venkatesh, Subramanian, Vijayan, Jasna, and Yadav, Shweta

Published
2025
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40. Computational Modelling of Pisum Sativum L. Superoxide Dismutase and Prediction of Mutational Variations through in silico Methods

Author

Nathan Vinod Kumar, Lizzy Mathew, and Edward Gnanaraj Wesely

Subjects
BLASTp, Neighbour joining tree, Ramachandran plot, SOPMA, SWISS MODEL, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the major enzymes expressed in the oxidative stress pathway in plants. Its expression is also evident in other taxonomic group in oxidative reactions. Pisum sativum a common plant is being studied in the present work where SOD is characterized using computational tools. SOD sequence of P. sativum [CAA42737.1] Ala and Leu rich protein with alkaline pI value was used as query sequence and used to obtain nine similar sequences through BLASTp. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 5.0 based on neighbour joining method. Physiochemical parameters and amino acid composition was studied and compared with query sequences and other similar sequences. Secondary structures were predicted to understand the dominant components. Homology modeling of P. sativum SOD was done using SWISS MODEL and quality was evaluated using standard methods. 27 active sites were detected in SOD predicted model which were Lys rich.

Published
2014

41. Biotechnological interventions in food waste treatment for obtaining valuea‘added compounds to combat pollution

Author

Sreekala, Aparna Ganapathy Vilasam, Ismail, Muhammad Heikal, Nathan, Vinod Kumar, Sreekala, Aparna Ganapathy Vilasam, Ismail, Muhammad Heikal, and Nathan, Vinod Kumar

Abstract

Over the last few decades, the globe is facing tremendous effects due to the unnecessary piling of municipal solid waste among which food waste holds a greater portion. This practice not only affects the environment in terms of generating greenhouse gas emissions but when left dumped in landfills will also trigger poverty and malnutrition. This review focuses on the global trend in food waste management strategies involved in the effective utilization of food waste to produce various value-added products in a microbiology aspect, thereby diminishing the negative impacts caused by the unnecessary side effects of non-renewable energy sources. The review also detailed the efficiency of microorganisms in the production of various bio-energies as well. Further, recent attempts to the exploitation of genetically modified microorganisms in producing value-added products were enlisted. This also attempted to address food waste valorization techniques, the combined applications of various processes for an enhanced yield of different compounds, and addressed various challenges. Further, the current challenges involved in various processes and the effective measures to tackle them in the future have been addressed. Thus, the present review has successfully addressed the circular bio-economy in food waste valorization.

Published
2022

47. List of contributors

Author

Akhlaq, Azka, Altaf, Sibgha, Américo-Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pinê, Angurana, Ruby, Arunachalam, Kalirajan, Azman, Nur Azzyyati, Bajpai, Surabhi, Banerjee, Monojit, Brito, Adrianne M.M., Caballero-Ruiz, Alberto, Chaudhary, Rakshita, Cho, Hoonsung, Choudhary, Ravish, Dey, Subhankar, Donis-Rabanales, Luis Fernando, El Messaoudi, Noureddine, Ezugworie, Flora N., García-Carvajal, Zaira Y., Gaur, Nisha, González-Ávila, Marisela, Gutiérrez-Becerra, Alberto, Hernandez, Ernesto, Husnain Azam, Hafiz Muhammad, Hussain, Nazim, Hussain, Asim, Icimoto, Marcelo Y., Igbokwe, Victor C., Ijaz, Munazza, Jiménez Avalos, Jorge Armando, Katoch, Vaidehi, Khan, Fahad, Kumar, Ayush, Kumari, Shivangi, Larimi, Afsanehsadat, Maqsood, Salman, Marwaha, Lovleen, Mboshi, Abigail, Mir, Tahir ul Gani, Modak, Biplob Kumar, Mohd Fuzi, Siti Fatimah Zaharah, Mukherjee, Suprabhat, Mukupa, George, Mulla, Sikandar I., Mumtaz, Zaroon Mehvish, Munawar, Junaid, Nantes, Iseli L., Nathan, Vinod Kumar, Nawaz, Shahid, Nnaemeka, Victory, Onwosi, Chukwudi O., Onyishi, Chioma L., Padma, Somrita, Rafeeq, Hamza, Rajeshkumar, S., Ramos, Marcos P.C., Ranjitsingh, A.J.A., Rashid, Ehsan Ullah, Raveendran, Athira, Safdar, Ayesha, Ser, Jinhui, Sharma, Neha, Sharma, Shivani, Sher, Farooq, Shukla, Saurabh, Siankuku, Munsaka, Sim, Uk, Subbaiah, Ramasamy, Taghiloo, Asghar, and Wani, Atif Khurshid

Published
2023
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48. Plant Growth Promotion Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Produced by a Mangrove Associated Fungi-Trichoderma viride VKF3

Author

K. Subha Rajam, Nathan Vinod Kumar, and Mary Esther Rani

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant growth, biology, Indole acetic acid, 030106 microbiology, Trichoderma viride, Botany, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mangrove, biology.organism_classification
Published
2017
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50. Lipase Production using Aspergillus japonicus MF-1 through Biotransformation of Agro-Waste and Medicinal Oil Effluent

Author

R. Rathinasamy Gunaseeli Narayanan Dhiraviam Kannan and Nathan Vinod Kumar Mary Esther Rani

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, biology, business.industry, Chemistry, Biotechnology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Aspergillus japonicus, Biotransformation, biology.protein, Food science, Lipase, business, Effluent, Agro waste
Published
2017
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