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1. CDK5RAP2 primary microcephaly is associated with hypothalamic, retinal and cochlear developmental defects

Author

Anita Rauch, Nathalie Pouvreau, Séverine Drunat, Yves Alembik, Anais Ernault, Liza Vera, Hala Nasser, Katharina Steindl, Fabien Guimiot, Pierre Gressens, Vincent El Ghouzzi, Sophie Guilmin Crepon, Delphine Héron, Nathalie Kubis, Alain Verloes, Natacha Teissier, Marie Laure Moutard, Sandrine Passemard, Florentia Kaguelidou, Alexandra Afenjar, Paolo Milani, Marcella Zollino, Pascaline Letard, Martha Momtchilova, Monique Elmaleh-Bergès, University of Zurich, Passemard, Sandrine, Service d'imagerie pédiatrique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires (NeuroDiderot (UMR_S_1141 / U1141)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, HFME, Bron, France, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Istituto di Genetica Medica, Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)

Subjects
Microcephaly, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, 2716 Genetics (clinical), 10039 Institute of Medical Genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CDK5RAP2, intellectual disability, MCPH, primary microcephaly, retinal alteration, sensorineural hearing loss, 610 Medicine & health, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, Microphthalmia, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Holoprosencephaly, 1311 Genetics, Genetics, medicine, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Genetics (clinical), Cochlea, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, business.industry, Retinal, medicine.disease, chemistry, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Brain size, 570 Life sciences, biology, Sensorineural hearing loss, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundPrimary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) comprises a large group of autosomal recessive disorders mainly affecting cortical development and resulting in a congenital impairment of brain growth. Despite the identification of >25 causal genes so far, it remains a challenge to distinguish between different MCPH forms at the clinical level.Methods7 patients with newly identified mutations in CDK5RAP2 (MCPH3) were investigated by performing prospective, extensive and systematic clinical, MRI, psychomotor, neurosensory and cognitive examinations under similar conditions.ResultsAll patients displayed neurosensory defects in addition to microcephaly. Small cochlea with incomplete partition type II was found in all cases and was associated with progressive deafness in 4 of them. Furthermore, the CDK5RAP2 protein was specifically identified in the developing cochlea from human fetal tissues. Microphthalmia was also present in all patients along with retinal pigmentation changes and lipofuscin deposits. Finally, hypothalamic anomalies consisting of interhypothalamic adhesions, a congenital midline defect usually associated with holoprosencephaly, was detected in 5 cases.ConclusionThis is the first report indicating that CDK5RAP2 not only governs brain size but also plays a role in ocular and cochlear development and is necessary for hypothalamic nuclear separation at the midline. Our data indicate that CDK5RAP2 should be considered as a potential gene associated with deafness and forme fruste of holoprosencephaly. These children should be given neurosensory follow-up to prevent additional comorbidities and allow them reaching their full educational potential.Trial registration numberNCT01565005.

Published
2020

2. Prenatal findings in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome

Author

Sabine Sigaudy, Nathalie Pouvreau, Hélène Heckenroth, Ludivine Templin, Tiffany Busa, Clarisse Baumann, Nicole Philip, Hélène Cavé, Annick Toutain, Alain Verloes, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle (GMGF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Polyhydramnios, ă short femora, 030105 genetics & heredity, Gene mutation, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, Fetus, Costello syndrome, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Fetal macrosomia, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Increased nuchal translucency, Genetics (clinical), business.industry, Obstetrics, Infant, Newborn, Macrocephaly, Prognosis, medicine.disease, prenatal findings, 3. Good health, BRAF mutation, Phenotype, Endocrinology, fetal ultrasound, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, fetal macrosomia, Face, Mutation, Skin Abnormalities, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

International audience; Our study was designed to analyze prenatal manifestations in patientsă affected with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), in order to defineă indications of DNA testing in utero. Prenatal features were extractedă from a national database and additional data were collected from 16ă families contacted through the French association of CFC-Costelloă syndrome. We collected results of ultrasound scan (USS) biometrics,ă presence of congenital birth defects, and polyhydramnios. From theă database, increased nuchal translucency was present in 13% ofă pregnancies, polyhydramnios in 52%, macrosomia and/or macrocephaly ină 16%. Of the 16 pregnancies, 81% were complicated by abnormal USSă findings. Polyhydramnios was reported in 67%. Head circumference,ă biparietal diameter, and abdominal circumference were above the 90thă centile in 72%, 83% and, 81% of fetuses, respectively. Contrastingă with macrosomia, femur length was below the 10th centile in 38%.ă Urinary tract abnormalities were found in 47% of fetuses. Most CFCSă fetuses showed a combination of macrocephaly, macrosomia, andă polyhydramnios, contrasting with relatively short femora. This growthă pattern is also seen in Costello syndrome. We suggest that screening foră CFCS and Costello gene mutations could be proposed in pregnanciesă showing this unusual pattern of growth parameters. (c) 2015 Wileyă Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2015

3. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly due to ASPM mutations: An update

Author

Martine Doco-Fenzy, Monique Elmaleh-Bergès, Berten Ceulemans, Sandrine Passemard, David Geneviève, Anita Rauch, Daniel Amram, Anais Ernault, Bernd Wollnick, Christine Francannet, Alain Verloes, Abdelaziz Sefiani, Pascaline Letard, Julie Désir, Marc Abramowicz, Brigitte Benzacken, Clothilde Rivier-Ringenbach, Toni Kasole Lubala, Yusuf Tunca, Vincent El Ghouzzi, Mathilde Nizon, Laurence Faivre, Marion Gérard, Koenraad Devriendt, Nathalie Pouvreau, Sophie Guilmin Crepon, Massimiliano Rossi, Hélène Maurey, C. Geoffrey Woods, Julia Metreau, Séverine Drunat, Michèle Mathieu-Dramard, Yves Sznajer, Cyril Gitiaux, Tiffany Busa, Geneviève Pierquin, Corinne Alberti, Sabine Sigaudy, Elise Schaefer, Stéphanie Arpin, Sébastien Lebon, Marta Bertoli, Pierre Gressens, Sophie Julia, Siham Chafai Elalaoui, Sarah Duerinckx, Sanaa Nasserereddine, Yoann Vial, Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement / Promoting Research Oriented Towards Early Cns Therapies (PROTECT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de génétique [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Antwerp (UA), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Hôpital Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Génétique Médicale [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Service de Génétique [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Biologie, génétique et thérapies ostéoarticulaires et respiratoires (BIOTARGEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Physiopathologie et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lubumbashi (UNILU), Unité de génétique médicale et oncogénétique [CHU Amiens Picardie], CHU Amiens-Picardie, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Ibn Rochd [Casablanca], Service de génétique médicale - Unité de génétique clinique [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), L'Hôpital Nord-Ouest [Villefranche sur Saône], Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique [CHU Strasbourg], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-CHU Strasbourg, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Gülhane School of Medicine, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1426 (CIC 1426), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Physiopathologie, conséquences fonctionnelles et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Jean Verdier [Bondy], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), UFR Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine (UFR SMBH), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU de Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Service de neurologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de génétique médicale, CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Service de neuropédiatrie et maladies métaboliques [CHU Robert-Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), UCL - (SLuc) Centre de génétique médicale UCL, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Lubumbashi, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Richard, Nicolas, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement ( PROTECT ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Hôpital Jean Verdier, UFR Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine ( UFR SMBH ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Hôpital Bretonneau-CHRU Tours, Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) - Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Service de Génétique Clinique [Caen], Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -CHU Caen, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon ( CRNL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1426 ( CIC 1426 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Passemard, Sandrine [0000-0002-0242-4566], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Microcephaly, MESH: Geography, Intellectual disability, ASPM, brain development, brain imaging, MESH: Cognition, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Spindle pole body, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cohort Studies, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Cognition, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, MESH: Cohort Studies, Genetics (clinical), MESH: Genetic Association Studies, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Geography, primary microcephaly, 030305 genetics & heredity, Brain development, MESH: Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, intellectual disability, Child, Preschool, Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly, Brain size, Female, MESH: Mutation, Brain imaging, Nerve Tissue Proteins, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Biology, MESH: Microcephaly, Primary microcephaly, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Family, Gene, MESH: Family, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, Centrosome, MCPH, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Genetic heterogeneity, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, 030104 developmental biology, centrosome, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Mutation, Human medicine, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Female
Abstract

Autosomal recessive microcephaly or MicroCephaly Primary Hereditary (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a reduction in brain volume, indirectly measured by an occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) 2 standard deviations or more below the age- and sex-matched mean (-2SD) at birth and -3SD after 6 months, and leading to intellectual disability of variable severity. The Abnormal SPindle-like Microcephaly gene (ASPM), the human ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster 'abnormal spindle' gene (asp), encodes ASPM, a protein localized at the centrosome of apical neuroprogenitor cells and involved in spindle pole positioning during neurogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in ASPM cause MCPH5, which affects the majority of all MCPH patients worldwide. Here, we report 47 unpublished patients from 39 families carrying 28 new ASPM mutations, and conduct an exhaustive review of the molecular, clinical, neuroradiological and neuropsychological features of the 282 families previously reported (with 161 distinct ASPM mutations). Furthermore, we show that ASPM-related microcephaly is not systematically associated with intellectual deficiency and discuss the association between the structural brain defects (strong reduction in cortical volume and surface area) that modify the cortical map of these patients and their cognitive abilities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. ispartof: Human Mutation vol:39 issue:3 pages:319-332 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2017

4. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia and Noonan syndrome

Author

Isabelle Guellec, Dalila Adjaoud, Marion Strullu, Hélène Cavé, Nicolas Sirvent, Christine Chomienne, Yves Bertrand, Steven Gazal, Julie Lachenaud, Clarisse Baumann, Bruno Cassinat, André Baruchel, Corinne Alberti, Martin Zenker, Francoise Mechinaud, Sabrina Pereira, Nathalie Pouvreau, Audrey Contet, Odile Fenneteau, Aurélie Caye, Catherine Paillard, and Alain Verloes

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Malignancy, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Germline mutation, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, Cause of death, business.industry, Noonan Syndrome, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, PTPN11, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Noonan syndrome, Female, business, SNP array
Abstract

Background Infants with Noonan syndrome (NS) are predisposed to developing juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) or JMML-like myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Whereas sporadic JMML is known to be aggressive, JMML occurring in patients with NS is often considered as benign and transitory. However, little information is available regarding the occurrence and characteristics of JMML in NS. Methods and results Within a large prospective cohort of 641 patients with a germline PTPN11 mutation, we identified MPD features in 36 (5.6%) patients, including 20 patients (3%) who fully met the consensus diagnostic criteria for JMML. Sixty percent of the latter (12/20) had severe neonatal manifestations, and 10/20 died in the first month of life. Almost all (11/12) patients with severe neonatal JMML were males. Two females who survived MPD/JMML subsequently developed another malignancy during childhood. Although the risk of developing MPD/JMML could not be fully predicted by the underlying PTPN11 mutation, some germline PTPN11 mutations were preferentially associated with myeloproliferation: 10/48 patients with NS (20.8%) with a mutation in codon Asp61 developed MPD/JMML in infancy. Patients with a p.Thr73Ile mutation also had more chances of developing MPD/JMML but with a milder clinical course. SNP array and whole exome sequencing in paired tumoral and constitutional samples identified no second acquired somatic mutation to explain the occurrence of myeloproliferation. Conclusions JMML represents the first cause of death in PTPN11 -associated NS. Few patients have been reported so far, suggesting that JMML may sometimes be overlooked due to early death, comorbidities or lack of confirmatory tests.

Published
2014

5. Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM) mutations strongly disrupt neocortical structure but spare the hippocampus and long-term memory

Author

Stephan Eliez, Pierre Gressens, Odile Boespflug-Tanguy, Monique Elmaleh-Bergès, Marie Schaer, Séverine Drunat, Bertrand Isidor, Karen Hernandez, Jorge Gallego, Wieland B. Huttner, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Alain Verloes, Corinne Alberti, Marion Laurent, Nathalie Pouvreau, Vincent El Ghouzzi, Sandrine Passemard, Bénédicte Gérard, Physiopathologie, conséquences fonctionnelles et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement / Promoting Research Oriented Towards Early Cns Therapies (PROTECT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires (NeuroDiderot (UMR_S_1141 / U1141)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de génétique médicale - Unité de génétique clinique [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de génétique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire [CHRU Strasbourg], CHRU Strasbourg, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GRC ConCer-LD, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Department of psychiatry, and Geneva University Hospital (HUG)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Microcephaly, Memory, Long-Term, Adolescent, hippocampus, Cognitive Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Hippocampus, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neocortex, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuropsychological Tests, White matter, ASPM, memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, ddc:616.89, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, medicine, Humans, human cerebral cortex, 10. No inequality, Child, Gyrification, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MCPH, Long-term memory, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, medicine.disease, White Matter, Brain development, 030104 developmental biology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cortical map, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Brain size, Mutation, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly results from abnormal brain development linked to proliferation defects in neural progenitors. The most frequent form, caused by ASPM mutations, is usually defined by a reduced brain volume and is associated with intellectual disability. Although many ASPM cases have now been reported, structural brain abnormalities and their link with cognitive disabilities have rarely been investigated. In this study, we used high resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in seven patients with ASPM mutations and 39 healthy age-matched controls to quantify regional volumes, thickness, surface area, gyrification index and white matter volumes of 30 cortical regions. We observed a consistent reduction of 50% or more in the volume and surface area of all cortical regions except for the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal structures, which were significantly less reduced. Neuropsychologic assessment indicated significant impairments of cognitive abilities. However, these impairments were associated with normal mnesic abilities, in keeping with the relative preservation of the hippocampus and medial temporal structures. These results show that, contrary to current opinion, the cortical volume and surface area of patients with ASPM mutations is reduced depending on a regionally specific fashion and their cognitive profile reflects this heterogeneity. The precise characterization of the cortical map and cognitive abilities of patients with ASPM mutations should allow developing more focused reeducative interventions well-suited to their real abilities.

Published
2016

6. Cardio-facio-cutaneous and Noonan syndromes due to mutations in the RAS/MAPK signalling pathway: genotype phenotype relationships and overlap with Costello syndrome

Author

Béatrice Parfait, Annick Toutain, Alain Verloes, Clarisse Baumann, Benoit Arveiler, Eric Pasmant, Delphine Héron, Yoko Aoki, Caroline Michot, Sabine Sigaudy, Hélène Cavé, Caroline Nava, Nathalie Pouvreau, Tetsuya Niihori, Bruno Leheup, Didier Lacombe, Yoichi Matsubara, Marlène Rio, Nadine Hanna, Alice Goldenberg, and Sabrina Pereira

Subjects
Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, MAP Kinase Signaling System, DNA Mutational Analysis, MAP Kinase Kinase 2, MAP Kinase Kinase 1, Mutation, Missense, RASopathy, Biology, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Costello syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, HRAS, Child, Genetics (clinical), Noonan Syndrome, Infant, Syndrome, medicine.disease, PTPN11, Genes, ras, Phenotype, Endocrinology, Child, Preschool, Face, Skin Abnormalities, Cancer research, Noonan syndrome, Female, Original Article, KRAS, Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, Noonan syndrome (NS), and Costello syndrome (CS) are clinically related developmental disorders that have been recently linked to mutations in the RAS/MEK/ERK signalling pathway. This study was a mutation analysis of the KRAS, BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 genes in a total of 130 patients (40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CFC, 20 patients without HRAS mutations from the French Costello family support group, and 70 patients with NS without PTPN11 or SOS1 mutations). BRAF mutations were found in 14/40 (35%) patients with CFC and 8/20 (40%) HRAS‐negative patients with CS. KRAS mutations were found in 1/40 (2.5%) patients with CFC, 2/20 (10%) HRAS‐negative patients with CS and 4/70 patients with NS (5.7%). MEK1 mutations were found in 4/40 patients with CFC (10%), 4/20 (20%) HRAS‐negative patients with CS and 3/70 (4.3%) patients with NS, and MEK2 mutations in 4/40 (10%) patients with CFC. Analysis of the major phenotypic features suggests significant clinical overlap between CS and CFC. The phenotype associated with MEK mutations seems less severe, and is compatible with normal mental development. Features considered distinctive for CS were also found to be associated with BRAF or MEK mutations. Because of its particular cancer risk, the term “Costello syndrome” should only be used for patients with proven HRAS mutation. These results confirm that KRAS is a minor contributor to NS and show that MEK is involved in some cases of NS, demonstrating a phenotypic continuum between the clinical entities. Although some associated features appear to be characteristic of a specific gene, no simple rule exists to distinguish NS from CFC easily.

Published
2007

7. Mutations in RIT1 cause Noonan syndrome with possible juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia but are not involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Author

Nehla Ghedira, Nathalie Pouvreau, Yline Capri, Odile Fenneteau, Joelle Roume, Aurélie Caye, Bérénice Doray, Laurence Perrin, Odile Boute, Natacha Fillot, Aurélien Trimouille, Cédric Vignal, Yves Alembik, Patricia Blanchet, Valérie Drouin-Garraud, Bertrand Isidor, Marlène Rio, Marion Gérard, Jean-Luc Alessandri, Annick Toutain, Alain Verloes, Albert David, Hélène Cavé, Anne Dieux Coeslier, Clarisse Baumann, Olivier Dulac, Delphine Héron, Sylvie Sauvion, Catherine Vincent-Delorme, Stanislas Lyonnet, Marjorie Willems, Patrice Bouvagnet, and Didier Lacombe

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Proband, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cardiomyopathy, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Child, Genetics (clinical), Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, business.industry, Noonan Syndrome, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, medicine.disease, Pedigree, PTPN11, Leukemia, 030104 developmental biology, Phenotype, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Speech delay, Immunology, Mutation, ras Proteins, Noonan syndrome, Medical genetics, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Noonan syndrome is a heterogeneous autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in at least eight genes involved in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. Recently, RIT1 (Ras-like without CAAX 1) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of some patients. We report a series of 44 patients from 30 pedigrees (including nine multiplex families) with mutations in RIT1. These patients display a typical Noonan gestalt and facial phenotype. Among the probands, 8.7% showed postnatal growth retardation, 90% had congenital heart defects, 36% had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (a lower incidence compared with previous report), 50% displayed speech delay and 52% had learning difficulties, but only 22% required special education. None had major skin anomalies. One child died perinatally of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Compared with the canonical Noonan phenotype linked to PTPN11 mutations, patients with RIT1 mutations appear to be less severely growth retarded and more frequently affected by cardiomyopathy. Based on our experience, we estimate that RIT1 could be the cause of 5% of Noonan syndrome patients. Because mutations found constitutionally in Noonan syndrome are also found in several tumors in adulthood, we evaluated the potential contribution of RIT1 to leukemogenesis in Noonan syndrome. We screened 192 pediatric cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (96 B-ALL and 96 T-ALL) and 110 cases of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias (JMML), but detected no variation in these tumoral samples, suggesting that Noonan patients with germline RIT1 mutations are not at high risk to developing JMML or ALL, and that RIT1 has at most a marginal role in these sporadic malignancies.

Published
2014

8. Differentiating Transient Idiopathic Hyperglycaemia and Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Preterm Infants

Author

Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem, Delphine Mitanchez, Michel Polak, Sonia Dahan, Nathalie Pouvreau, Hélène Cavé, Kanetee Busiah, and Julie Auger

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Endocrinology, Neonatal diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Insulin, Prospective Studies, Registries, Prospective cohort study, Proinsulin, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Gestation, Female, business, Infant, Premature
Abstract

Background/Aims: Transient idiopathic hyperglycaemia (TIH) is partly due to defective processing of proinsulin to insulin in preterm neonates, whereas transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare genetic form of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Distinguishing these two conditions is difficult yet essential to allow personalised management and genetic testing. Here we investigated whether metabolic or therapeutic features contributed to the diagnosis in preterm neonates. Methods: We prospectively included 13 preterm neonates with TIH between 2008 and 2011, and we identified 2 patients with TNDM in the French neonatal diabetes cohort registry. All of them were born before 32 weeks of gestation. We compared clinical features, glycaemic profiles, insulin dosages, and nutritional intakes. Results: TNDM patients had higher day-1 glycaemia levels before insulin therapy [median 23.5 (20-27) vs. 13.6 (10.7-19.8) mmol/l, p = 0.025] and higher insulin requirements [median 1.2 (0.9-1.5) vs. 0.8 (0.3-0.9) IU/kg/day, p = 0.037] compared to TIH. They also required insulin therapy earlier [median 0.75 (0.5-1) vs. 2 (0.5-7) days, p = 0.036] and for a longer time [median 85 (57-113) vs. 11 (4-15) days, p = 0.036]. Conclusion: TNDM and TIH are different clinical and genetic entities with specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Metabolic and therapeutic features may help to detect TNDM in preterm neonates as soon as day-1 of hyperglycaemia.

Published
2014

9. Neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects associated with genetic changes in infants with neonatal diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study [corrected]

Author

Nadia Tubiana-Rufi, Albane Simon, Sylvie Nivot-Adamiak, Raphael Scharfmann, C. Metz, Jean-Jacques Robert, Christelle Désirée, Kanetee Busiah, Bénédicte Gérard, Anne-Marie Bertrand, Moshe Phillip, Caroline Elie, Laurence Vaivre-Douret, Aurélie Dechaume, Séverine Drunat, Sabrina Pereira, Paul Czernichow, Chantal Stuckens, Liat de Vries, Marc de Kerdanet, Amélie Bonnefond, Michel Polak, Pierre-François Souchon, Nathalie Pouvreau, Claire Le Tallec, Philippe Froguel, Farida Jennane, Martine Vaxillaire, Revital Nimri, Hélène Cavé, and Isabelle Flechtner

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Developmental Disabilities, Intrauterine growth restriction, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Sulfonylurea Receptors, ABCC8, Cohort Studies, Diabetes mellitus genetics, Endocrinology, Neonatal diabetes mellitus, Genotype-phenotype distinction, Internal Medicine, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Insulin, Prospective Studies, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, Protein Precursors, Prospective cohort study, Child, Pancreas, Genetic Association Studies, Ultrasonography, Chromosome Aberrations, biology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Cohort, Mutation, biology.protein, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, France, Psychomotor Disorders, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare genetic form of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. We compared phenotypic features and clinical outcomes according to genetic subtypes in a cohort of patients diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus before age 1 year, without β-cell autoimmunity and with normal pancreas morphology.We prospectively investigated patients from 20 countries referred to the French Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Study Group from 1995 to 2010. Patients with hyperglycaemia requiring treatment with insulin before age 1 year were eligible, provided that they had normal pancreatic morphology as assessed by ultrasonography and negative tests for β-cell autoimmunity. We assessed changes in the 6q24 locus, KATP-channel subunit genes (ABCC8 and KCNJ11), and preproinsulin gene (INS) and investigated associations between genotype and phenotype, with special attention to extra-pancreatic abnormalities.We tested 174 index patients, of whom 47 (27%) had no detectable genetic defect. Of the remaining 127 index patients, 40 (31%) had 6q24 abnormalities, 43 (34%) had mutations in KCNJ11, 31 (24%) had mutations in ABCC8, and 13 (10%) had mutations in INS. We reported developmental delay with or without epilepsy in 13 index patients (18% of participants with mutations in genes encoding KATP channel subunits). In-depth neuropsychomotor investigations were done at median age 7 years (IQR 1-15) in 27 index patients with mutations in KATP channel subunit genes who did not have developmental delay or epilepsy. Developmental coordination disorder (particularly visual-spatial dyspraxia) or attention deficits were recorded in all index patients who had this testing. Compared with index patients who had mutations in KATP channel subunit genes, those with 6q24 abnormalities had specific features: developmental defects involving the heart, kidneys, or urinary tract (8/36 [22%] vs 2/71 [3%]; p=0·002), intrauterine growth restriction (34/37 [92%] vs 34/70 [48%]; p0·0001), and early diagnosis (median age 5·0 days, IQR 1·0-14·5 vs 45·5 days, IQR 27·2-95·0; p0·0001). Remission of neonatal diabetes mellitus occurred in 89 (51%) index patients at a median age of 17 weeks (IQR 9·5-39·0; median follow-up 4·7 years, IQR 1·5-12·8). Recurrence was common, with no difference between the groups who had 6q24 abnormalities versus mutations in KATP channel subunit genes (82% vs 86%; p=0·36).Neonatal diabetes mellitus is often associated with neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects that are specific to the underlying genetic abnormality. A multidisciplinary assessment is therefore essential when patients are diagnosed. Features of neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects should be tested for in adults with a history of neonatal diabetes mellitus.Agence Nationale de la Recherche-Maladies Rares Research Program Grant, the Transnational European Research Grant on Rare Diseases, the Société Francophone du Diabète-Association Française du Diabète, the Association Française du Diabète, Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques, a CIFRE grant from the French Government, HRA-Pharma, the French Ministry of Education and Research, and the Société Française de Pédiatrie.

Published
2014

10. De novo deletion of TBL1XR1 in a child with non-specific developmental delay supports its implication in intellectual disability

Author

Nathalie Pouvreau, Brigitte Benzacken, Jean-François Gadisseux, Céline Dupont, Alain Verloes, Emilie Serrano, Jennifer Gallard, Anne-Claude Tabet, Karen Hernandez, and Camille Leroy

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Developmental Disabilities, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Non specific, Pregnancy, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Autistic features, Girl, Child, Genetics (clinical), media_common, business.industry, Point mutation, Infant, Newborn, Facies, Nuclear Proteins, medicine.disease, Infant newborn, Repressor Proteins, Child, Preschool, Female, business, Haploinsufficiency, Gene Deletion, SNP array
Abstract

We report on a 6-year-old child with a de novo 1.6 Mb deletion in the 3q26.31q26.32 region identified by SNP array, involving only one relevant gene: TBL1XR1. The girl shows non-specific, mild to moderate intellectual deficiency but no autistic behavior. Point mutations in TBL1XR1 have recently been implicated in three patients with intellectual disability (ID) and autistic features. Our report supports that haploinsufficiency for TBL1XR1 could be implicated in non-ASD autosomal dominant ID.

Published
2013

11. Constitutional NRAS mutations are rare among patients with Noonan syndrome or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

Author

Clarisse Baumann, Alain Verloes, Lilia Kraoua, Philippe Bonnet, Jeanne Amiel, Hélène Cavé, Hubert Journel, and Nathalie Pouvreau

Subjects
Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, Male, Adolescent, DNA Mutational Analysis, medicine.disease_cause, Germline, Germline mutation, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, Genetics (clinical), Germ-Line Mutation, Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, business.industry, Noonan Syndrome, Infant, medicine.disease, PTPN11, Genes, ras, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile, SOS1, Cancer research, Noonan syndrome, Female, KRAS, business
Abstract

Recently, germline mutations of NRAS have been shown to be associated with Noonan syndrome (NS), a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart disease, and distinctive facial features. We report on the mutational analysis of NRAS in a cohort of 125 French patients with NS and no known mutation for PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, MEK1, MEK2, RAF1, BRAF, and SHOC2. The c.179G>A (p.G60E) mutation was identified in two patients with typical NS, confirming that NRAS germline mutations are a rare cause of this syndrome. We also screened our cohort of 95 patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Among 17 patients with NRAS-mutated JMML, none had clinical features suggestive of NS. None of the 11 JMML patients for which germline DNA was available had a constitutional NRAS mutation.

Published
2012

12. Expanding the clinical and neuroradiologic phenotype of primary microcephaly due to ASPM mutations

Author

Monique Elmaleh, Luigi Titomanlio, Alain Verloes, Sandrine Passemard, Bertrand Isidor, Marie Schaer, T. Billette de Villemeur, C Hyon, Odile Boespflug-Tanguy, Alexandra Afenjar, J-L Alessandri, Sylvie Odent, Lydie Burglen, Ute Moog, Nathalie Pouvreau, Iris Scala, Karen Hernandez, André Mégarbané, Bénédicte Gérard, Fabien Guimiot, G. Andria, E. Del Giudice, Pierre Gressens, Passemard, S, Titomanlio, L, Elmaleh, M, Afenjar, A, Alessandri, Jl, Andria, Generoso, de Villemeur, Tb, Boespflug Tanguy, O, Burglen, L, DEL GIUDICE, Ennio, Guimiot, F, Hyon, C, Isidor, B, Mégarbané, A, Moog, U, Odent, S, Hernandez, K, Pouvreau, N, Scala, Iri, Schaer, M, Gressens, P, Gerard, B, Verloes, A., Unité fonctionnelle de génétique clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Réanimation et Pédiatrie Néonatales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Centre de référence Maladies Métaboliques, Physiopathologie, conséquences fonctionnelles et neuroprotection des atteintes du cerveau en développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IFR2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Service de radiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Réanimation Néonatale et Pédiatrique, CHD Félix Guyon, Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Génétique Médicale, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Human Genetics Institute, Heidelberg University, Service de génétique clinique [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-hôpital Sud, Department of psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervicofaciale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], De Villemeur, Hervé, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Service de génétique clinique, and hôpital Sud

Subjects
Proband, Male, Microcephaly, Pathology, Developmental Disabilities, DNA Mutational Analysis, Pyramidal Tracts, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Gene mutation, Compound heterozygosity, 0302 clinical medicine, Child, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, 0303 health sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Short stature, ASPM, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Seizures, Intellectual Disability, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Genetic Testing, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Corpus Callosum Agenesis, business.industry, Skull, Infant, Cortical dysplasia, medicine.disease, Radiography, Mutation, Neurology (clinical), business, Head, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum of clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroradiologic features in patients with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) due to ASPM gene mutations. METHODS: ASPM was sequenced in 52 unrelated MCPH probands. In patients with ASPM mutations, we evaluated the clinical phenotype, cognition, behavior, brain MRI, and family. RESULTS: We found homozygous or compound heterozygous ASPM loss-of-function mutations in 11 (22%) probands and 5 siblings. The probands harbored 18 different mutations, of which 16 were new. Microcephaly was severe after 1 year of age in all 16 patients, although in 4 patients the occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) at birth was decreased by only 2 SD. The OFC Z score consistently decreased after birth. Late-onset seizures occurred in 3 patients and significant pyramidal tract involvement in 1 patient. Intellectual quotients ranged from borderline-normal to severe mental retardation. Mild motor delay was noted in 7/16 patients. Language development was delayed in all patients older than 3 years. Brain MRI (n = 12) showed a simplified gyral pattern in 9 patients and several malformations including ventricle enlargement (n = 7), partial corpus callosum agenesis (n = 3), mild cerebellar hypoplasia (n = 1), focal cortical dysplasia (n = 1), and unilateral polymicrogyria (n = 1). Non-neurologic abnormalities consisted of short stature (n = 1), idiopathic premature puberty (n = 1), and renal dysplasia (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: We provide a detailed description of features associated with ASPM mutations. Borderline microcephaly at birth, borderline-normal intellectual efficiency, and brain malformations can occur in ASPM-related primary hereditary microcephaly.

Published
2009

13. Influence of gap and overlap paradigms on saccade latencies and vergence eye movements in seven-year-old children

Author

Zoï Kapoula, Nathalie Pouvreau, Qing Yang, and Maria Pia Bucci

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, Saccadic eye movement, Vergence eye movements, Fixation, Ocular, Audiology, Horizontal saccades, Stimulus (physiology), Median plane, Neural Pathways, medicine, Reaction Time, Saccades, Humans, Child, Communication, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Eye movement, Brain, Convergence, Ocular, Oculomotor Muscles, Fixation (visual), Saccade, Psychology, business, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

The latency of eye movements is influenced by the fixation task; when the fixation stimulus is switched off before the target presentation (gap paradigm) the latency becomes short and express movements occur. In contrast, when the fixation stimulus remains on when the target appears (overlap paradigm), eye movement latency is longer. Several previous studies have shown increased rates of express saccades in children; however the presence of an express type of latency for vergence and combined movements in children has never been explored. The present study examines the effects of the gap and the overlap paradigms on horizontal saccades at far (150 cm) and at close (20 cm) viewing distances, on vergence along the median plane, and on saccades combined with convergence or divergence in 15 normal seven-year-old children. The results show that the gap paradigm produced shorter latency for all eye movements than the overlap paradigm, but the difference was only significant for saccades at close viewing distances, for divergence (pure and combined), and for saccades combined with vergence. The gap paradigm produced significantly higher rates of express latencies for saccades at close viewing distances, for divergence, and for saccades combined with divergence; in contrast, the frequencies of express latencies for saccades at far viewing distances and for convergence (pure or combined) were similar in the gap and the overlap paradigms. Interestingly, the rate of anticipatory latencies (

Published
2003

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