Search

It is shown that the presence of an interaction between dark energy and dark matter can induce a transmutation of quintessence from thawing to scaling freezing. The analysis is done in a Lagrangian approach where dark energy and dark matter are treated as spin zero fields. Remarkably, with the cosmological constraints on energy densities of dark matter and dark energy, such a transmutation can occur in the late universe and searchable in accumulating cosmological data by DESI and other dark energy-related experiments. We give a fit to the dark energy equation of state which can be used by experimental collaborations to search for this transmutation that can occur at redshifts up to $z=13$ depending on the interaction strength. A transmutation in the range $z=1-3$ is already within reach of current and near future experiments., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures (main) with supplemental material (7 pages, 5 figures)

The description of dark matter as a pressure-less fluid and of dark energy as a cosmological constant, both minimally coupled to gravity, constitutes the basis of the concordance $\Lambda\text{CDM}$ model. However, the concordance model is based on using equations of motion directly for the fluids with constraints placed on their sources, and lacks an underlying Lagrangian. In this work, we propose a Lagrangian model of two spin zero fields describing dark energy and dark matter with an interaction term between the two along with self-interactions. We study the background evolution of the fields as well as their linear perturbations, suggesting an alternative to $\Lambda$CDM with dark matter and dark energy being fundamental dynamical fields. The parameters of the model are extracted using a Bayesian inference tool based on multiple cosmological data sets which include those of Planck (with lensing), BAO, Pantheon, SH0ES, and WiggleZ. Using these data, we set constraints on the dark matter mass and the interaction strengths. Furthermore, we find that the model is able to alleviate the Hubble tension for some data sets while also resolving the $S_8$ tension., Comment: 42 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables (Accepted for publication in JCAP)

Production of gravitational waves in the early universe is discussed in a cosmologically consistent analysis within a first order phase transition involving a hidden sector feebly coupled with the visible sector. Each sector resides in its own heat bath leading to a potential dependent on two temperatures, and on two fields: one a standard model Higgs and the other a scalar arising from a hidden sector $U(1)$ gauge theory. A synchronous evolution of the hidden and visible sector temperatures is carried out from the reheat temperature down to the electroweak scale.The hydrodynamics of two-field phase transitions, one for the visible and the other for the hidden is discussed, which leads to separate tunneling temperatures, and different sound speeds for the two sectors. Gravitational waves emerging from the two sectors are computed and their imprint on the measured gravitational wave power spectrum vs frequency is analyzed in terms of bubble nucleation signature, i.e., detonation, deflagration, and hybrid. It is shown that the two-field model predicts gravitational waves accessible at several proposed gravitational wave detectors: LISA, DECIGO, BBO, Taiji and their discovery would probe specific regions of the hidden sector parameter space and may also shed light on the nature of bubble nucleation in the early universe. The analysis presented here indicates that the cosmologically preferred models are those where the tunneling in the visible sector precedes the tunneling in the hidden sector and the sound speed $c_s$ lies below its maximum, i.e., $c^2_s<\frac{1}{3}$. It is of interest to investigate if these features are universal and applicable to a wider class of cosmologically consistent models., Comment: 47 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables

While the standard model accurately describes data at the electroweak scale without inclusion of gravity, beyond the standard model physics is increasingly intertwined with gravitational phenomena and cosmology. Thus gravity mediated breaking of supersymmetry in supergravity models lead to sparticles masses, which are gravitational in origin, observable at TeV scales and testable at the LHC, and supergravity also provides a candidate for dark matter, a possible framework for inflationary models and for models of dark energy. Further, extended supergravity models, and string and D-brane models contain hidden sectors some of which may be feebly coupled to the visible sector resulting in heat exchange between the visible and hidden sectors. Because of the couplings between the sectors both particle physics and cosmology are effected. The above implies that particle physics and cosmology are intrinsically intertwined in the resolution of essentially all of the cosmological phenomena such as dark matter and dark energy and in the resolution of cosmological puzzles such as Hubble tension and EDGES anomaly. Here we give a brief overview of the intertwining and implications for the discovery of sparticles, and the resolution of the cosmological anomalies and identification of dark matter and dark energy as major challenges for the coming decades., Comment: 14 pages, no figures

A variety of possibilities exist for dark matter aside from WIMPS, such as hidden sector dark matter. We discuss synchronous thermal evolution of visible and hidden sectors and show that the density of thermal relics can change $O(100\%)$ and $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$ by a factor of up to $10^5$ depending of whether the hidden sector was hot or cold at the reheat temperature. It is also shown that the approximation of using separate entropy conservation for the visible and hidden sectors is invalid even for a very feeble coupling between the two., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

A variety of supergravity and string models involve hidden sectors where the hidden sectors may couple feebly with the visible sectors via a variety of portals. While the coupling of the hidden sector to the visible sector is feeble its coupling to the inflaton is largely unknown. It could couple feebly or with the same strength as the visible sector which would result in either a cold or a hot hidden sector at the end of reheating. These two possibilities could lead to significantly different outcomes for observables. We investigate the thermal evolution of the two sectors in a cosmologically consistent hidden sector dark matter model where the hidden sector and the visible sector are thermally coupled. Within this framework we analyze several phenomena to illustrate their dependence on the initial conditions. These include the allowed parameter space of models, dark matter relic density, proton-dark matter cross section, effective massless neutrino species at BBN time, self-interacting dark matter cross-section, where self-interaction occurs via exchange of dark photon, and Sommerfeld enhancement. Finally fits to the velocity dependence of dark matter cross sections from galaxy scales to the scale of galaxy clusters is given. The analysis indicates significant effects of the initial conditions on the observables listed above. The analysis is carried out within the framework where dark matter is constituted of dark fermions and the mediation between the visible and the hidden sector occurs via the exchange of dark photons. The techniques discussed here may have applications for a wider class of hidden sector models using different mediations between the visible and the hidden sectors to explore the impact of Big Bang initial conditions on observable physics., Comment: 37 pages,13 figures. Published in Physical Review D

Hidden sectors are ubiquitous in supergravity theories, in strings and in branes. Well motivated models such as the Stueckelberg hidden sector model could provide a candidate for dark matter. In such models, the hidden sector communicates with the visible sector via the exchange of a dark photon (dark $Z'$) while dark matter is constituted of Dirac fermions in the hidden sector. Using data from collider searches and precision measurements of SM processes as well as the most recent limits from dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments, we perform a comprehensive scan over a wide range of the $Z'$ mass and set exclusion bounds on the parameter space from sub-GeV to several TeV. We then discuss the discovery potential of an $\mathcal{O}$(TeV) scale $Z'$ at HL-LHC and the ability of future forward detectors to probe very weakly interacting sub-GeV $Z'$ bosons. Our analysis shows that the parameter space in which a $Z'$ can decay to hidden sector dark matter is severely constrained whereas limits become much weaker for a $Z'$ with no dark decays. The analysis also favors a self-thermalized dark sector which is necessary to satisfy the dark matter relic density., Comment: 35 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP

We summarize the state of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) model building in particle physics for Snowmass 2021, focusing mainly on several whitepaper contributions to BSM model building (TF08) and closely related areas., Comment: 44 pages, 1 figure, Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021). Topical Group Report for TF08 - BSM Model Building

This is the Snowmass2021 Energy Frontier (EF) Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) report. It combines the EF topical group reports of EF08 (Model-specific explorations), EF09 (More general explorations), and EF10 (Dark Matter at Colliders). The report includes a general introduction to BSM motivations and the comparative prospects for proposed future experiments for a broad range of potential BSM models and signatures, including compositeness, SUSY, leptoquarks, more general new bosons and fermions, long-lived particles, dark matter, charged-lepton flavor violation, and anomaly detection., Comment: 108 pages + 38 pages references and appendix, 37 figures, Report of the Topical Group on Beyond the Standard Model Physics at Energy Frontier for Snowmass 2021. The first nine authors are the Conveners, with Contributions from the other authors

Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report., Comment: Report of theTopical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics, for the U.S. decadal Particle Physics Planning Exercise (Snowmass 2021)

In 2020 the XENON1T experiment observed an excess of events with an electron recoil energy $E_R$ in the range of $2\,$--$\,3\,$keV. Such an excess can arise from a variety of sources such as solar axions or a neutrino magnetic moment, but also from inelastic scattering of dark matter off the xenon atoms. The recoil energy of the electron then depends on the mass difference of the dark particles. In this paper we show that the annual modulation of both the event rate and the electron recoil energy provide important additional information that allows to distinguish among different theoretical explanations of the signal. To this end, we first extend the formalism of annual modulation to electronic recoils, inelastic dark matter scattering and the electron recoil energy. We then study a concrete theoretical model with two Dirac fermions and a dark photon. We take into account all relevant cosmological and experimental constraints on this model and apply it to the XENON1T and and XENONnT experiments with realistic detection thresholds, efficiencies and energy resolutions, fitting the main physical parameters of the model, i.e. the mass splitting and the electron scattering cross section. The discriminatory power of the additional information from the annual modulation of both the signal rate and the electron recoil energy is then demonstrated for XENONnT with a simplified model based on these main physical parameters. This more sensitive procedure compared to time-only modulation analyses can also serve as a template for other theoretical models with different dark matter candidates, mediators and cosmology. For the $U(1)$ model with two Dirac fermions fitting the XENON1T excess and the experimental conditions of XENONnT, taking into account the annual variation of the signal rate and recoil energy allows for a faster and more precise determination of the free model parameters., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 1 table

An analysis of a tower of hidden sectors coupled to each other, with one of these hidden sectors coupled to the visible sector, is given and the implications of such couplings on physics in the visible sector are investigated. Thus the analysis considers $n$ number of hidden sectors where the visible sector couples only to hidden sector 1, while the latter couples also to hidden sector 2, and the hidden sector 2 couples to hidden sector 3 and so on. A set of successively feeble couplings of the hidden sectors to the visible sector are generated in such a set up. In general each of these sectors live in a different heat bath. We develop a closed form set of coupled Boltzmann equations for the correlated evolution of the temperatures and number densities of each of the heat baths. We then apply the formalism to a simplified model with scalar portals between the different sectors. Predictions related to dark matter direct detection experiments and future CMB probes of dark radiation are made., Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP

We propose an explanation to the new W mass measurement recently reported by the CDF collaboration, which is larger than the standard model expectation by about 7 standard deviations. To alleviate the tensions that are imposed on the electroweak sector by the new W mass measurement, we carry out an analysis in the Stueckelberg extended standard model where a new neutral gauge boson appears which mixes with the two neutral gauge bosons in the electroweak sector both via the Stueckelberg mass terms and via the gauge invariant Stueckelberg-Higgs portal interaction and spoils the custodial symmetry at the tree level so that the simple relation between the W boson mass and the Z boson mass does not hold. We find that such an extension increases the W boson mass if the new gauge boson mass is larger than the Z boson mass. We further show that there exists a significant part of the parameter space in the extended model which includes the CDF mass anomaly and is consistent with the various observables at the Z pole and consistent with the ATLAS dilepton limits. The Stueckelberg $Z'_{\rm St}$ boson, which resolves the CDF W mass anomaly, should be searchable in future LHC experiments., Comment: v1, 6 pages, 2 figures. v2, refs added

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community., Comment: 356 pages, Large pdf file (40 MB) submitted to Snowmass 2021; v2 references to Snowmass contributions added, additional authors; v3 references added, some updates, additional authors

In this paper we will list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$, the $\sigma_8$--$S_8$ tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the $5.0\,\sigma$ tension between the {\it Planck} CMB estimate of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the $H_0$ evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the {\it Planck} CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density $\Omega_m$, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure ($\sigma_8,f\sigma_8$). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the $H_0$--$S_8$ tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals.[Abridged], Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 224 pages, 27 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEAp

The recent analysis from the SH0ES Collaboration has confirmed the existence of a Hubble tension between measurements at high redshift ($z> 1000$) and at low redshift ($z<1$) at the $5\sigma$ level with the low redshift measurement giving a higher value. In this work we propose a particle physics model that can help alleviate the Hubble tension via an out-of-equilibrium hidden sector coupled to the visible sector. The particles that populate the dark sector consist of a dark fermion, which acts as dark matter, a dark photon, a massive scalar and a massless pseudo-scalar. Assuming no initial population of particles in the dark sector, feeble couplings between the visible and the hidden sectors via kinetic mixing populate the dark sector even though the number densities of hidden sector particles never reach their equilibrium distribution and the two sectors remain at different temperatures. A cosmologically consistent analysis is presented where a correlated evolution of the visible and the hidden sectors with coupled Boltzmann equations involving two temperatures, one for the visible sector and the other for the hidden sector, is carried out. The relic density of the dark matter constituted of dark fermions is computed in this two-temperature formalism. As a consequence, BBN predictions are upheld with a minimal contribution to $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$. However, the out-of-equilibrium decay of the massive scalar to the massless pseudo-scalar close to the recombination time causes an increase in $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$ that can help weaken the Hubble tension., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures, 1 table (Accepted for publication in JCAP)

The recent muon $g-2$ result from Fermilab combined with the Brookhaven result, strongly points to new physics beyond the Standard Model which can be well described by the electroweak sector of supersymmetry if the masses of the sleptons and some of the electroweak gauginos are in the few hundred GeV range. However, the Higgs boson mass measurement at 125 GeV indicates a mass scale for squarks which lies in the few TeV region indicating a split mass spectrum between squarks and sleptons. This apparent puzzle is resolved in a natural way in gluino-driven radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry where radiative breaking is driven by a large gluino mass and the gluino color interactions lead to a large splitting between the squarks and the sleptons. We show that an analysis without prejudice using an artificial neural network also leads to the gluino-driven radiative breaking. We use a set of benchmarks and a deep neural network analysis to test the model for the discovery of light sleptons and sneutrinos at HL-LHC and HE-LHC., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables (conference proceedings, 10th ICNFP 2021, Crete, Greece). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.06021

Analysis of EDGES data shows an absorption signal of the redshifted 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen at $z\sim 17$ which is stronger than expected from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. The absorption signal interpreted as brightness temperature $T_{21}$ of the 21-cm line gives an amplitude of $-$500$_{-500}^{+200}$ mK at 99\% C.L. which is a 3.8$\sigma$ deviation from what the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology gives. We present a particle physics model for the baryon cooling where a fraction of the dark matter resides in the hidden sector with a $U(1)$ gauge symmetry and a Stueckelberg mechanism operates mixing the visible and the hidden sectors with the hidden sector consisting of dark Dirac fermions and dark photons. The Stueckelberg mass mixing mechanism automatically generates a millicharge for the hidden sector dark fermions providing a theoretical basis for using millicharged dark matter to produce the desired cooling of baryons seen by EDGES by scattering from millicharged dark matter. We compute the relic density of the millicharged dark matter by solving a set of coupled equations for the dark fermion and dark photon yields and for the temperature ratio of the hidden sector and the visible sector heat baths. For the analysis of baryon cooling, we analyze the evolution equations for the temperatures of baryons and millicharged dark matter as a function of the redshift. We exhibit regions of the parameter space which allow consistency with the EDGES data. We note that the Stueckelberg mechanism arises naturally in strings and the existence of a millicharge would point to its string origin., Comment: 32 pages, 6 figures, 1 table (Accepted for publication in JHEP)

We assess the future directions for the search for supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider in view of the new precision results on the muon anomaly by the Fermilab Collaboration. The existence of a deviation of size 4.1$\sigma$ from the Standard Model prediction points to light sleptons and light weakinos in the mass range of few hundred GeV while the observation of the Higgs boson mass at $\sim 125$ GeV points to squark masses lying in the few TeV range. Thus a split sparticle spectrum is indicated. We discuss the possibility of such a split sparticle spectrum in the supergravity unified model and show that a splitting of the sfermion spectrum into light sleptons and heavy squarks naturally arises within radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry driven by heavy gluinos ($\tilde g$SUGRA). We discuss the possible avenues for the discovery of supersymmetry at the LHC within this framework under the further constraint of the recent muon anomaly result from the Fermilab Collaboration. We show that the most likely candidates for early discovery of a sparticle at the LHC are the chargino, the stau, the smuon and the selectron. We present a set of benchmarks and discuss future directions for further work. Specifically, we point to the most promising channels for SUSY discovery and estimate the integrated luminosity needed for the discovery of these benchmarks at the High Luminosity LHC and also at the High Energy LHC., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass

A variety of supergravity and string based models contain hidden sectors which can play a role in particle physics phenomena and in cosmology. In this note we discuss the possibility that the visible sector and the hidden sectors in general live in different heat baths. Further, it is entirely possible that dark matter resides partially or wholly in hidden sectors in the form of dark Dirac fermions, dark neutralinos or dark photons. A proper analysis of dark matter and of dark forces in this case requires that one deals with a multi-temperature universe. We discuss the basic formalism which includes the multi-temperature nature of visible and hidden sectors in the analysis of phenomena observable in the visible sectors. Specifically we discuss the application of the formalism for explaining the velocity dependence of dark matter cross sections as one extrapolates from galaxy scales to scales of galaxy clusters. Here the dark photon exchange among dark fermions can produce the desired velocity dependent cross sections consistent with existing galactic cross section data indicating the existence of a new fifth (dark) force. We also discuss the possibility that the dark photon may constitute a significant portion of dark matter. We demonstrate a realization of this possibility in a universe with two hidden sectors and with the visible sector and the hidden sectors in different heat baths which allows a satisfaction of the constraints that the dark photon have a lifetime larger than the age of the universe and that its relic density be consistent with Planck data. Future directions for further work are discussed., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass

We investigate the Yukawa coupling unification for the third generation in a class of $\mathsf{SO(10)}$ unified models which are consistent with the 4.2 $\sigma$ deviation from the standard model of the muon $g-2$ seen by the Fermilab experiment E989. A recent analysis in supergravity grand unified models shows that such an effect can arise from supersymmetric loops correction. Using a neural network, we further analyze regions of the parameter space where Yukawa coupling unification consistent with the Fermilab result can appear. In the analysis we take into account the contributions to Yukawas from the cubic and the quartic interactions. We test the model at the high luminosity and high energy LHC and estimate the integrated luminosities needed to discover sparticles predicted by the model., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, 9 tables

Using an artificial neutral network we explore the parameter space of supergravity grand unified models consistent with the combined Fermilab E989 and Brookhaven E821 data on $(g-2)_\mu$. The analysis indicates that the region favored by the data is the one generated by gluino-driven radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry. This region naturally leads to a split sparticle spectrum with light sleptons and weakinos but heavy squarks, with the stau and the chargino as the lightest charged particles. We show that if the entire deviation from the standard model $(g-2)_{\mu}$ arises from supersymmetry, then supersymmetry is discoverable at HL-LHC and HE-LHC via production and decay of sleptons within the optimal integrated luminosity of HL-LHC and with a smaller integrated luminosity at HE-LHC., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables. (Accepted for publication in PRD)

An analysis of sub-MeV dark photon as dark matter is given which is achieved with two hidden sectors, one of which interacts directly with the visible sector while the second has only indirect coupling with the visible sector. The formalism for the evolution of three bath temperatures for the visible sector and the two hidden sectors is developed and utilized in solution of Boltzmann equations coupling the three sectors. We present exclusion plots where the sub-MeV dark photon can be dark matter. The analysis can be extended to a multi-temperature universe with multiple hidden sectors and multiple heat baths., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables -- Accepted in JHEP

It is shown that a decaying neutralino in a supergravity unified framework is a viable candidate for dark matter. Such a situation arises in the presence of a hidden sector with ultraweak couplings to the visible sector where the neutralino can decay into the hidden sector's lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) with a lifetime larger than the lifetime of the universe. We present a concrete model where the MSSM/SUGRA is extended to include a hidden sector comprised of $U(1)_{X_1} \times U(1)_{X_2}$ gauge sector and the LSP of the hidden sector is a neutralino which is lighter than the LSP neutralino of the visible sector. We compute the loop suppressed radiative decay of the visible sector neutralino into the neutralino of the hidden sector and show that the decay can occur with a lifetime larger than the age of the universe. The decaying neutralino can be probed by indirect detection experiments, specifically by its signature decay into the hidden sector neutralino and an energetic gamma ray photon. Such a gamma ray can be searched for with improved sensitivity at Fermi-LAT and by future experiments such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We present several benchmarks which have a natural suppression of the hadronic channels from dark matter annihilation and decays and consistent with measurements of the antiproton background., Comment: 29 pages, 3 tables and 4 figures

We present a particle physics model to explain the observed enhancement in the Xenon-1T data at an electron recoil energy of 2.5 keV. The model is based on a $U(1)$ extension of the Standard Model where the dark sector consists of two essentially mass degenerate Dirac fermions in the sub-GeV region with a small mass splitting interacting with a dark photon. The dark photon is unstable and decays before the big bang nucleosynthesis, which leads to the dark matter constituted of two essentially mass degenerate Dirac fermions. The Xenon-1T excess is computed via the inelastic exothermic scattering of the heavier dark fermion from a bound electron in xenon to the lighter dark fermion producing the observed excess events in the recoil electron energy. The model can be tested with further data from Xenon-1T and in future experiments such as SuperCDMS., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in JHEP

The short distance behavior of dark matter (DM) at galaxy scales exhibits several features not explained by the typical cold dark matter (CDM) with velocity-independent cross-section. We discuss a particle physics model with a hidden sector interacting feebly with the visible sector where a dark fermion self-interacts via a dark force with a light dark photon as the mediator. We study coupled Boltzmann equations involving two temperatures, one for each sector. We fit the velocity-dependent DM cross-section to the data from scales of dwarf galaxies to clusters consistent with relic density constraint., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

We consider a class of unified models based on the gauge group $\mathsf{SO(10)}$ which with appropriate choice of Higgs representations generate in a natural way a pair of light Higgs doublets needed to accomplish electroweak symmetry breaking. In this class of models higher dimensional operators of the form matter-matter-Higgs-Higgs in the superpotential after spontaneous breaking of the GUT symmetry generate contributions to Yukawa couplings which are comparable to the ones from cubic interactions. Specifically we consider an $\mathsf{SO(10)}$ model with a sector consisting of $\mathsf{126+\overline{126} + 210}$ of heavy Higgs which breaks the GUT symmetry down to the standard model gauge group and a sector consisting of $2\times \mathsf{10+120}$ of light Higgs fields. In this model we compute the corrections from the quartic interactions to the Yukawa couplings for the top and the bottom quarks and for the tau lepton. It is then shown that inclusion of these corrections to the GUT scale Yukawas allows for consistency of the top, bottom and tau masses with experiment for low $\tan\beta$ with a value as low as $\tan\beta$ of 5$-$10. We compute the sparticle spectrum for a set of benchmarks and find that satisfaction of the relic density is achieved via a compressed spectrum and coannihilation and three sets of coannihilations appear: chargino-neutralino, stop-neutralino and stau-neutralino. We investigate the chargino-neutralino coannihilation in detail for the possibility of observation of the light chargino at the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and at the high energy LHC (HE-LHC) which is a possible future 27 TeV hadron collider. It is shown that all benchmark models but one can be discovered at HL-LHC and all would be discoverable at HE-LHC. The ones discoverable at both machines require a much shorter time scale and a lower integrated luminosity at HE-LHC., Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures and 9 tables

SUSY/SUGRA models with naturalness defined via small $\mu$ are constrained due to experiment on the relic density and the experimental limits on the WIMP-proton cross-section and WIMP annihilation cross-section from indirect detection experiments. Specifically models with small $\mu$ where the neutralino is higgsino-like lead to dark matter relic density below the observed value. In several works this problem is overcome by assuming dark matter to be constituted of more than one component and the neutralino relic density deficit is made up from contributions from other components. In this work we propose that the dark matter consists of just one component, i.e., the lightest neutralino and the relic density of the higgsino-like neutralino receives contributions from the usual freeze-out mechanism along with contributions arising from the decay of hidden sector neutralinos. The model we propose is an extended MSSM model where the hidden sector is constituted of a $U(1)_X$ gauge sector along with matter charged under $U(1)_X$ which produce two neutralinos in the hidden sector. The $U(1)_X$ and the hypercharge $U(1)_Y$ of the MSSM have kinetic and Stueckelberg mass mixing where the mixings are ultraweak. In this case the hidden sector neutralinos have ultraweak interactions with the visible sector. Because of their ultraweak interactions the hidden sector neutralinos are not thermally produced and we assume their initial relic density to be negligible. However, they can be produced via interactions of MSSM particles in the early universe, and once produced they decay to the neutralino. For a range of mixings the decays occur before the BBN producing additional relic density for the neutralino. Models of this type are testable in dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments and at the high luminosity and high energy LHC., Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures

In extended supersymmetric models with a hidden sector the lightest $R$-parity odd particle can reside in the hidden sector and act as dark matter. We consider the case when the hidden sector has ultraweak interactions with the visible sector. An interesting phenomenon arises if the LSP of the visible sector is charged in which case it will decay to the hidden sector dark matter. Due to the ultraweak interactions, the LSP of the visible sector will be long-lived decaying outside the detector after leaving a track inside. We investigate this possibility in the framework of a $U(1)_X$-extended MSSM/SUGRA model with a small gauge kinetic mixing and mass mixing between the $U(1)_X$ and $U(1)_Y$ where $U(1)_Y$ is the gauge group of the hypercharge. Specifically we investigate the case when the LSP of MSSM is a stop which decays into the hidden sector dark matter and has a lifetime long enough to traverse the LHC detector without decay. It is shown that such a particle can be detected at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC as an $R$-hadron which will look like a slow moving muon with a large transverse momentum $p_T$ and so can be detected by the track it leaves in the inner tracker and in the muon spectrometer. Further, due to the ultraweak couplings between the hidden sector and the MSSM fields, the dark matter particle has a relic density arising from a combination of the freeze-out and freeze-in mechanisms. It is found that even for the ultraweak or feeble interactions the freeze-out contribution relative to freeze-in contribution to the relic density is substantial to dominant, varying between 30\% to 74\% for the model points considered. It is subdominant to freeze-in for relatively small stop masses with relatively larger stop annihilation cross-sections and the dominant contribution to the relic density for relatively large stop masses and relatively smaller stop annihilation cross-sections., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures

The presence of a hidden sector with very weak interactions with the standard model has significant implications on LHC signatures. In this work we discuss LHC phenomenology with the inclusion of a hidden sector by a $U(1)$ extension of MSSM/SUGRA. We consider both kinetic mixing and Stueckelberg mass mixing between the $U(1)$ gauge field of the hidden sector and $U(1)_Y$ of the visible sector. Such a model has an extended parameter space. We consider here two limited regions of this parameter space. In the first case we consider a $U(1)$ gauge field along with chiral fields needed for the Stueckelberg mechanism to operate and discuss the mixing between the hidden and the visible sectors. Here if the stau is the lightest sparticle in the MSSM sector and the neutralino of the hidden sector is the LSP of the full system and a dark matter candidate, the stau can be long-lived and decay inside an LHC detector tracker. In the second case we include extra vectorlike matter in the hidden sector which can give rise to a Dirac fermion in addition to the two neutralinos in the hidden sector. The neutralino sector now has six neutralinos and we assume that the lightest of these is the LSP and is higgsino-like. In this case the dark matter is constituted of a Majorana and a Dirac fermion, and a small $\mu$ leads to heavy Higgs boson masses which reside in the observable range of HL-LHC and HE-LHC., Comment: Talks presented at the 2019 Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society (DPF2019), July 29 - August 2, 2019, Northeastern University, Boston, C1907293

Models of axion inflation based on a single cosine potential require the axion decay constant $f$ to be super-Planckian in size. However, $f > M_{Pl}$ is disfavored by the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC). It is then pertinent to ask if one can construct axion inflation models in conformity with WGC. In this work we assume that WGC holds for the microscopic Lagrangian so that $f < M_{Pl}$. However, inflation is controlled by an effective Lagrangian much below the Planck scale where the inflaton is an effective axionic field associated with an effective decay constant $f_e$ which could be very different from $f$. In this work we propose a Coherent Enhancement Mechanism (CEM) for slow roll inflation controlled by flat potentials which can produce $f_e \gg M_{Pl}$ while $f < M_{Pl}$. In the analysis we consider a landscape of chiral fields charged under a $U\left(1\right)$ global shift symmetry and consider breaking of the $U\left(1\right)$ symmetry by instanton type symmetry breaking terms. In the broken phase there is one light pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-Boson (pNGB) which acts as the inflaton. We show that with an appropriate choice of symmetry breaking terms the inflaton potential is a superposition of many cosines and the condition that they produce a flat potential allows one to enhance $f_e$ so that $f_e / M_{Pl} \gg 1$. We discuss the utility of this mechanism for a variety of inflaton models originating in supersymmetry and supergravity. The Coherent Enhancement Mechanism allows one to reduce an inflation model with an arbitrary potential to an effective model of natural inflation, i.e. with a single cosine, by expanding the potential near a field point where horizon exit occurs, and matching the expansion coefficients to those of natural inflation., Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures

It is very likely that similar to the case of visible matter, dark matter too is composed of more than one stable component. In this work we investigate a two-component dark matter with one component from the visible sector and the other from the hidden sector. Specifically we consider a $U(1)_X$ hidden sector extension of MSSM/SUGRA where we allow for kinetic and Stueckelberg mass mixing between the two abelian $U(1)'s$, i.e., $U(1)_X$ and $U(1)_Y$. We further assume that the hidden sector has chiral matter which leads to a Dirac fermion as a candidate for dark matter. The lightest neutralino in the visible sector and the Dirac fermion in the hidden sector then constitute the two components of dark matter. We investigate in particular MSSM/SUGRA models with radiative breaking occurring on the hyperbolic branch where the Higgs mixing parameter $\mu$ is small (order the electroweak scale) which leads to a lightest neutralino being dominantly a higgsino. While dark matter constituted only of higgsinos is significantly constrained by data on dark matter relic density and by limits on spin independent proton-DM scattering cross section, consistency with data can be achieved if only a fraction of the dark matter relic density is constituted of higgsinos with the rest coming from the hidden sector. An aspect of the proposed model is the prediction of a relatively light CP odd Higgs $A$ (as well as a CP even $H$ and a charged Higgs $H^{\pm}$) which is observable at HL-LHC and HE-LHC. We perform a detailed collider analysis search for the CP odd Higgs using boosted decision trees in $\tau_h\tau_h$ final states and compare the discovery potential at HL-LHC and HE-LHC. We show that while several of the points among our benchmarks may be observable at HL-LHC, all of them are visible at HE-LHC with much lower integrated luminosities thus reducing significantly the run time for discovery., Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures

We investigate a class of models where the supergravity model with the standard model gauge group is extended by a hidden sector $U(1)_X$ gauge group and where the lightest supersymmetric particle is the neutralino in the hidden sector. We investigate this possibility in a class of models where the stau is the lightest supersymmetric particle in the MSSM sector and the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle of the $U(1)_X$-extended SUGRA model. In this case the stau will decay into the neutralino of the hidden sector. For the case when the mass gap between the stau and the hidden sector neutralino is small and the mixing between the $U(1)_Y$ and $U(1)_X$ is also small, the stau can decay into the hidden sector neutralino and a tau which may be reconstructed as a displaced track coming from a high $p_T$ track of the charged stau. Simulations for this possibility are carried out for HL-LHC and HE-LHC. The discovery of such a displaced track from a stau will indicate the presence of hidden sector dark matter., Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures (Accepted for publication in PRD)

One of the early criterion proposed for naturalness was a relatively small Higgs mixing parameter $\mu$ with $\mu/M_Z$ order few. A relatively small $\mu$ may lead to heavier Higgs masses ($H^0, A, H^{\pm}$ in MSSM) which are significantly lighter than other scalars such as squarks. Such a situation is realized on the hyperbolic branch of radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry. In this analysis we construct supergravity unified models with relatively small $\mu$ in the sense described above and discuss the search for the charged Higgs boson $H^{\pm}$ at HL-LHC and HE-LHC where we also carry out a relative comparison of the discovery potential of the two using the decay channel $H^{\pm} \to \tau \nu$. It is shown that an analysis based on the traditional linear cuts on signals and backgrounds is not very successful in extracting the signal while, in contrast, machine learning techniques such as boosted decision trees prove to be far more effective. Thus it is shown that models not discoverable with the conventional cut analyses become discoverable with machine learning techniques. Using boosted decision trees we consider several benchmarks and analyze the potential for their $5\sigma$ discovery at the 14 TeV HL-LHC and at 27 TeV HE-LHC. It is shown that while the ten benchmarks considered with the charged Higgs boson mass in the range 373 GeV- 812 GeV are all discoverable at HE-LHC, only four of the ten with Higgs boson masses in the range 373 GeV-470 GeV are discoverable at HL-LHC. Further, while the model points discoverable at both HE-LHC and HL-LHC would require up to 7 years of running time at HL-LHC, they could all be discovered in a period of few months at HE-LHC., Comment: 33 pages, six figures (Accepted for publication in PRD)

A correlated analysis of observables arising from loop induced effects from a vectorlike generation is given. The observables include flavor changing radiative decays $\mu\to e \gamma, \tau\to \mu \gamma, \tau\to e \gamma$, electric dipole moments of the charged leptons $e,\mu, \tau$, and corrections to magnetic dipole moments of $g_\mu-2$ and $g_e-2$. In this work we give a full analysis of the corrections to these observables by taking into account both the supersymmetry loops as well as the exchange of a vectorlike leptonic generation. Thus the fermion mass matrix involves a $5\times 5$ mixing matrix while the scalar sector involves a $10\times 10$ mixing matrix including the CP violating phases from the vectorlike sector. The analysis is done under the constraint of the Higgs boson mass at the experimentally measured value. The loops considered include the exchange of $W$ and $Z$ bosons and of leptons and a mirror lepton, and the exchange of charginos and neutralinos, sleptons and mirror sleptons. The correction to the diphoton decay of the Higgs $h\to \gamma\gamma$ including the exchange of the vectorlike leptonic multiplet is also computed., Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures (Accepted for publication in PRD)

We give here an overview of recent developments in high energy physics and cosmology and their interconnections that relate to unification, and discuss prospects for the future. Thus there are currently three empirical data that point to supersymmetry as an underlying symmetry of particle physics: the unification of gauge couplings within supersymmetry, the fact that nature respects the supersymmetry prediction that the Higgs boson mass lie below 130 GeV, and vacuum stability up to the Planck scale with a Higgs boson mass at $\sim 125$ GeV while the standard model does not do that. Coupled with the fact that supersymmetry solves the big hierarchy problem related to the quadratic divergence to the Higgs boson mass square along with the fact that there is no alternative paradigm that allows us to extrapolate physics from the electroweak scale to the grand unification scale consistent with experiment, supersymmetry remains a compelling framework for new physics beyond the standard model. The large loop correction to the Higgs boson mass in supersymmetry to lift the tree mass to the experimentally observable value, indicates a larger value of the scale of weak scale supersymmetry, making the observation of sparticles more challenging but still within reach at the LHC for the lightest ones. Recent analyses show that a high energy LHC (HE-LHC) operating at 27 TeV running at its optimal luminosity of $2.5 \times 10^{35}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ can reduce the discovery period by several years relative to HL-LHC and significantly extend the reach in parameter space of models. In the coming years several experiments related to neutrino physics, searches for supersymmetry, on dark matter and dark energy will have direct impact on the unification frontier., Comment: 37 pages, 1 figure

An analysis is given of inflation based on a supersymmetric Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action in an axionic landscape. The DBI model we discuss involves a landscape of chiral superfields with one $U(1)$ shift symmetry which is broken by instanton type non-perturbative terms in the superpotential. Breaking of the shift symmetry leads to one pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-boson which acts as the inflaton while the remaining normalized phases of the chiral fields generically labeled axions are invariant under the $U(1)$ shift symmetry. The analysis is carried out in the vacuum with stabilized saxions, which are the magnitudes of the chiral fields. Regions of the parameter space where slow-roll inflation occurs are exhibited and the spectral indices as well as the ratio of the tensor to the scalar power spectrum are computed. An interesting aspect of supersymmetric DBI models analyzed is that in most of the parameter space tensor to scalar ratio and scalar spectral index are consistent with Planck data if slow roll occurs and is not eternal. Also interesting is that the ratio of the tensor to the scalar power spectrum can be large and can lie close to the experimental upper limit and thus testable in improved experiment. Non-Gaussianity in this class of models is explored., Comment: 23 pages. 3 figures

The discovery of the Higgs boson at $\sim 125$ GeV indicates that the scale of weak scale supersymmetry is higher than what was perceived in the pre-Higgs boson discovery era and lies in the several TeV region. This makes the discovery of supersymmetry more challenging and argues for hadron colliders beyond LHC at $\sqrt s=14$ TeV. The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN is considering a 100 TeV collider to be installed in a 100 km tunnel in the Lake Geneva basin. Another 100 km collider being considered in China is the Super proton-proton Collider (SppC). A third possibility recently proposed is the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) which would use the existing CERN tunnel but achieve a center-of-mass energy of 28 TeV by using FCC magnet technology at significantly higher luminosity than at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). In this work we investigate the potential of HE-LHC for the discovery of supersymmetry. We study a class of supergravity unified models under the Higgs boson mass and the dark matter relic density constraints and compare the analysis with the potential reach of the HL-LHC. A set of benchmarks are presented which are beyond the discovery potential of HL-LHC but are discoverable at HE-LHC. For comparison, we study model points at HE-LHC which are also discoverable at HL-LHC. For these model points, it is found that their discovery would require a HL-LHC run between 5-8 years while the same parameter points can be discovered in a period of few weeks to $\sim 1.5$ yr at HE-LHC running at its optimal luminosity of $2.5\times 10^{35}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The analysis indicates that the HE-LHC possibility should be seriously pursued as it would significantly increase the discovery reach for supersymmetry beyond that of HL-LHC and decrease the run period for discovery., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures Accepted for publication in PRD

We discuss inflation models within supersymmetry and supergravity frameworks with a landscape of chiral superfields and one $U(1)$ shift symmetry which is broken by non-perturbative symmetry breaking terms in the superpotential. We label the pseudo scalar component of the chiral fields axions and their real parts saxions. Thus in the models only one combination of axions will be a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-boson which will act as the inflaton. The proposed models constitute consistent inflation for the following reasons: The inflation potential arises dynamically with stabilized saxions, the axion decay constant can lie in the sub-Planckian region, and consistency with the Planck data is achieved. The axion landscape consisting of $m$ axion pairs is assumed with the axions in each pair having opposite charges. A fast roll--slow roll splitting mechanism for the axion potential is proposed which is realized with a special choice of the axion basis. In this basis the $2m$ coupled equations split into $2m-1$ equations which enter in the fast roll and there is one unique linear combination of the $2m$ fields which controls the slow roll and thus the power spectrum of curvature and tensor perturbations. It is shown that a significant part of the parameter space exists where inflation is successful, i.e., $N_{\rm pivot} = {[50, 60]}$, the spectral index $n_s$ of curvature perturbations, and the ratio $r$ of the power spectrum of tensor perturbations and curvature perturbations, lie in the experimentally allowed regions given by the Planck experiment. Further, it is shown that the model allows for a significant region of the parameter space where the effective axion decay constant can lie in the sub-Planckian domain., Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP

Supersymmetry and more specifically supergravity grand unification allow one to extrapolate physics from the electroweak scale up to the grand unification scale consistent with electroweak data. Here we give a brief overview of their current status and show that the case for supersymmetry is stronger as a result of the Higgs boson discovery with a mass measurement at $\sim 125$ GeV consistent with the supergravity grand unification prediction that the Higgs boson mass lie below 130 GeV. Thus the discovery of the Higgs boson and the measurement of its mass provide a further impetus for the search for sparticles to continue at the current and future colliders., Comment: 25 pages

We investigate the possibility of testing supergravity unified models with scalar masses in the range 50-100 TeV and much lighter gaugino masses at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is carried out under the constraints that models produce the Higgs boson mass consistent with experiment and also produce dark matter consistent with WMAP and PLANCK experiments. A set of benchmarks in the supergravity parameter space are investigated using a combination of signal regions which are optimized for the model set. It is found that some of the models with scalar masses in the 50-100 TeV mass range are discoverable with as little as 100 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity and should be accessible at the LHC RUN II. The remaining benchmark models are found to be discoverable with less than 1000 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity and thus testable in the high luminosity era of the LHC, i.e., at HL-LHC. It is shown that scalar masses in the 50-100 TeV range but gaugino masses much lower in mass produce unification of gauge coupling constants, consistent with experimental data at low scale, with as good an accuracy (and sometimes even better) as models with low ($\mathcal{O}(1)$ TeV) weak scale supersymmetry. Decay of the gravitinos for the supergravity model benchmarks are investigated and it is shown that they decay before the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). Further, we investigate the non-thermal production of neutralinos from gravitino decay and it is found that the non-thermal contribution to the dark matter relic density is negligible relative to that from the thermal production of neutralinos for reheat temperature after inflation up to $10^9$ GeV. An analysis of the direct detection of dark matter for SUGRA models with high scalar masses is also discussed., Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.04669

The lack of observation of supersymmetry thus far implies that the weak supersymmetry scale is larger than what was thought before the LHC era. This observation is strengthened by the Higgs boson mass measurement at $\sim 125$ GeV which within supersymmetric models implies a large loop correction and a weak supersymmetry scale lying in the several TeV region. In addition if neutralino is the dark matter, its relic density puts further constraints on models often requiring coannihilation to reduce the neutralino relic density to be consistent with experimental observation. The coannihilation in turn implies that the mass gap between the LSP and the NLSP will be small leading to softer final states and making the observation of supersymmetry challenging. In this work we investigate stau coannihilation models within supergravity grand unified models and the potential of discovery of such models at the LHC in the post Higgs boson discovery era. We utilize a variety of signal regions to optimize the discovery of supersymmetry in the stau coannihilation region. In the analysis presented we impose the relic density constraint as well as the constraint of the Higgs boson mass. The range of sparticle masses discoverable up to the optimal integrated luminosity of the HL-LHC is investigated. It is found that the mass difference between the stau and the neutralino does not exceed $\sim 20$ GeV over the entire mass range of the models explored. Thus the discovery of a supersymmetric signal arising from the stau coannihilation region will also provide a measurement of the neutralino mass. The direct detection of neutralino dark matter is analyzed within the class of stau coannihilation models investigated. The analysis is extended to include multi-particle coannihilation where stau along with chargino and the second neutralino enter in the stau coannihilation process., Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures

Dynamical mechanisms to generate an ultralight axion of mass $\sim 10^{-21}-10^{-22}$ eV in supergravity and strings are discussed. An ultralight particle of this mass provides a candidate for dark matter that may play a role for cosmology at scales $10\, {\rm kpc}$ or less. An effective operator approach for the axion mass provides a general framework for models of ultralight axions, and in one case recovers the scale $10^{-21}-10^{-22}$ eV as the electroweak scale times the square of the hierarchy with an $O(1)$ Wilson coefficient. We discuss several classes of models realizing this framework where an ultralight axion of the necessary size can be generated. In one class of supersymmetric models an ultralight axion is generated by instanton like effects. In the second class higher dimensional operators involving couplings of Higgs, standard model singlets, and axion fields naturally lead to an ultralight axion. Further, for the class of models considered the hierarchy between the ultralight scale and the weak scale is maintained. We also discuss the generation of an ultralight scale within string based models. Here it is shown that in the single modulus KKLT moduli stabilization scheme an ultralight axion would require an ultra-low weak scale. However, within the Large Volume Scenario, the desired hierarchy between the axion scale and the weak scale is achieved. A general analysis of couplings of Higgs fields to instantons within the string framework is discussed and it is shown that the condition necessary for achieving such couplings is the existence of vector-like zero modes of the instanton. Some of the phenomenological aspects of these models are also discussed., Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure

In the standard model flavor violating decays of the top quark and of the Higgs boson are highly suppressed. Further, the flavor violating decays of the top and of the Higgs are also small in MSSM and not observable in current or in near future experiment. In this work we show that much larger branching ratios for these decays can be achieved in an extended MSSM model with an additional vector like quark generation. Specifically we show that in the extended model one can achieve branching ratios for $t\to h^0 c$ and $t\to h^0 u$ as large as the current experimental upper limits given by the ATLAS and the CMS Collaborations. We also analyze the flavor violating quark decay of the Higgs boson, i.e., $h^0\to b\bar s + \bar b s$ and $h^0\to b\bar d + \bar b d$. Here again one finds that the branching ratio for these decays can be as large as $O(1)\%$. The analysis is done with inclusion of the CP phases in the Higgs sector, and the effect of CP phases on the branching ratios is investigated. Specifically the Higgs sector spectrum and mixings are computed involving quarks and mirror quarks, squarks and mirror squarks in the loops consistent with the Higgs boson mass constraint. The resulting effective Lagrangian with inclusion of the vector like quark generation induce flavor violating decays at the tree level. The test of the branching ratios predicted could come with further data from LHC13 and such branching ratios could also be accessible at future colliders such as the Higgs factories where the Higgs couplings to fermions will be determined with greater precision., Comment: 26 pages. 8 figures

A brief review is given of some recent works where baryogenesis and dark matter have a common origin within the $U(1)$ extensions of the standard model and of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The models considered generate the desired baryon asymmetry and the dark matter to baryon ratio. In one model all of the fundamental interactions do not violate lepton number, and the total $B-L$ in the Universe vanishes. In addition, one may also generate a normal hierarchy of neutrino masses and mixings in conformity with the current data. Specifically one can accommodate $\theta_{13}\sim 9^{\circ}$ consistent with the data from Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1312.1334

Recent data from the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN give a hint of possible violation of flavor in the leptonic decays of the Higgs boson. In this work we analyze the flavor violating leptonic decays $H^0_1\to l_i \bar l_j$ ($i\neq j$) within the framework of an MSSM extension with a vectorlike leptonic generation. Specifically we focus on the decay mode $H^0_1\to \mu\tau$. The analysis is done including tree and loop contributions involving exchange of $W, Z$, charge and neutral higgs and leptons and mirror leptons, charginos and neutralinos and sleptons and mirror sleptons. It is found that a substantial branching ratio of $H^0_1\to \mu\tau$, i.e., of as much a ${\cal{O}}(1)\%$, can be achieved in this model, the size hinted by the ATLAS and CMS data. The flavor violating decays $H^0_1\to e\mu, e\tau$ are also analyzed and found to be consistent with the current experimental limits. An analysis of the dependence of flavor violating decays on CP phases is given. The analysis is extended to include flavor decays of the heavier Higgs bosons. A confirmation of the flavor violation in Higgs boson decays with more data that is expected from LHC at $\sqrt s=13$ TeV will be evidence of new physics beyond the standard model., Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD

Higgs boson mass measurement at $\sim 125$ GeV points to a high scale for SUSY specifically the scalar masses. If all the scalars are heavy, supersymmetric contribution to the leptonic $g-2$ moments will be significantly reduced. On the other hand the Brookhaven experiment indicates a 3sigma deviation from the standard model prediction. Here we analyze the leptonic $g-2$ moments in an extended MSSM model with inclusion of a vector like leptonic generation which brings in new sources of CP violation. In this work we consider the contributions to the leptonic $g-2$ moments arising from the exchange of charginos and neutralinos, sleptons and mirror sleptons, and from the exchange of $W$ and $Z$ bosons and of leptons and mirror leptons. We focus specifically on the $g-2$ moments for the muon and the electron where sensitive measurements exist. Here it is shown that one can get consistency with the current data on $g-2$ under the Higgs boson mass constraint. Dependence of the moments on CP phases from the extended sector are analyzed and it is shown that they are sensitively dependent on the phases from the new sector. It is shown that the corrections to the leptonic moments arising from the extended MSSM sector will be non-vanishing even if the SUSY scale extends into the PeV region., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures

One loop contributions to the CP even-CP odd Higgs boson mixings arising from contributions due to exchange of a vectorlike multiplet are computed under the Higgs boson mass constraint. The vectorlike multiplet consists of a fourth generation of quarks and a mirror generation. This sector brings in new CP phases which can be large consistent with EDM constraints. In this work we compute the contributions from the exchange of quarks and mirror quarks $t_{4L}, t_{4R}, T_{L}, T_{R}$, and their scalar partners, the squarks and the mirror squarks. The effect of their contributions to the Higgs boson masses and mixings are computed and analyzed. The possibility of measuring the effects of mixing of CP even and CP odd Higgs in experiment is discussed. It is shown that the branching ratios of the Higgs bosons into fermion pairs are sensitive to new physics and specifically to CP phases., Comment: 35 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

The observability of a gluino at LHC RUN II is analyzed for the case where the gluino lies in the gluino-neutralino coannihilation region and the mass gap between the gluino and the neutralino is small. The analysis is carried out under the Higgs boson mass constraint and the constraint of dark matter relic density consistent with the WMAP and Planck experiment. It is shown that in this case a gluino with mass much smaller than the current lower limit of $\sim 1500$ GeV as given by LHC RUN II at 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity would have escaped detection. The analysis is done using the signal regions used by the ATLAS Collaboration where an optimization of signal regions was carried out to determine the best regions for gluino discovery in the gluino-neutralino coannihilation region. It is shown that under the Higgs boson mass constraint and the relic density constraint, a gluino mass of $\sim 700$ GeV would require 14 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity for discovery and a gluino of mass $\sim 1250$ GeV would require 3400 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity for discovery at LHC RUN II. An analysis of dark matter for this case is also given. It is found that for the range of gluino masses considered, the neutralino mass lies within less than 100 GeV of the gluino mass. Thus a measurement of the gluino mass in the gluino-neutralino coannihilation region will provide a determination of the neutralino mass. In this region the neutralino is dominantly a gaugino and the spin-independent proton-neutralino cross section is small but much larger than the neutrino floor lying in the range $\sim (1-10)\times 10^{-47}$ cm$^{2}$. Thus a significant part of the parameter space of the model will lie within the reach of the next generation LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment., Comment: 22 pages, 9 tables, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD