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Pleasant appearance often means the difference between success and failure in both our personal andprofessional lives. An attractive or pleasant smile clearly enhances the acceptance of the individual in society andthe character of the smile greatly influences the attractiveness and personality of the individual. Aesthetic andattractive smile is one of the most important components that affects the overall facial aesthetics. The paperprovides important information and a systematic overview of beauty, esthetics, esthetics dentistry and cosmeticdentistry. Physical attributes of the elements of the dento-facial composition are presented in this study. The articlefocuses on three components of esthetics: macro, mini and microesthetics, classification and style of the smile.Extraoral and intraoral features of a smile are presented. Dento-facial analysis, dento-labial analysis, dento-gingivalanalysis,and dental analysis are analyzed are presented and described in detail.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the DMFT index of 15-year-old children from the east region and the concentration of fluoride in drinking water from the populated areas where children live. METHODS: In the examination, 414 children were enrolled, out of seven central secondary schools from four bigger cities from east region, at which the DMFT index was determined. The children live in six different cities and 51 different villages. Fifty-seven water samples were taken from the examined area to determine the fluoride concentration using the electrochemical method using the pH/ISE meter-Thermo-Orion with a special F-electrode (Thermo Orion Ion Plus Fluoride Electrode) at the Institute for public health. Spearman’s method was used to determine the correlation between the specified variables. RESULTS: The total number of children in the examined sample was 414, out of which 226 (54.6%) were male and 188 (45.4%) were female. The prevalence of caries free children was 9.4%. SiC index was 10.22. The average DMFT index in this group of children was 5.77 with a standard deviation of ± 4.02. Maximum concentration of fluorine in drinking water of 0.99 ppmF was determined in the village Raslovci, and 0.87 ppmF in the village Star Karaorman, while the minimum (0.07 ppmF) in the village Dvorishte and (0.10 ppmF) in the village Grad. Correlation of the DMFT index in 15-year-old children from the east region and the concentration of fluorine in the drinking water has a negative, indirect correlation, with the value of the coefficient R = −0.27. CONCLUSION: The correlation between the DMFT index and the concentration of drinking water is a negative, indirect correlation, and statistically, this correlation is highly significant (p < 0.05).

Морталитетната статистика по причини за смрт е основен показател на здавствената состојба на населението во една земја. Нејзината валидност во целост е базирана на точноста на Лекарските извештаи за причина на смрт (ЛИПС) што претставуваат нејзин основен извор на податици. Цел на ова истражување е да се утврди точноста на лекарските извештаи со впишано КВЗ (I10 - I50) како основна причина за смрт во Градската општа болница „8ми Септември“ во Скопје. Материјал и методи: Истражувањето представува квантитативна аналитичка студија на пресек имплементирана во Градската општа болница „8ми Септември“ - Скопје во периодот од јануари 2015 до декември 2016 година. Во истражувањето беа анализирани ЛИПС-овите кои согласно МКБ10 беа со впишано КВЗ (I10 - I50) како основна причина за смрт. Опфатени беа 121 пациент на возраст од 24 до 84 години кои починале во периодот 0 - 28 дена од хоспитализацијата и тоа независно од полот и другите социо-демографски карактеристики. Анализата на точноста на ЛИПС-овите, беше направена согласно стандардизиран образец од MONICA проектот. Резултати: Просечната возраст на починатите во целиот примерок изнесуваше 72,41±9,14 [95% CI (70.71-74,11)] години. Tочно пополнети ЛИПС-ови биле 67 (56,3%), неточно 22 (18,5%) и делумно точно 30 (25,2%). Нема сигнификантна асоцијација (p>0,05) меѓу полот на испитаниците и точноста на впишување на примарната причина за смрт. Утврдена е сигнификантно (p

Dental polymers, commonly known as “Dental Resins” were first used in dentistry in 1839, and since then they have emerged as a favorable candidate for restorative dentistry and cosmetic and functional purposes. Many prosthesis and implants made from polymers have been in use for the last three decades and there is a continuous search for more biocompatible and stronger polymer prosthetic materials. Typical applications of polymers in dentistry are impression materials, relining materials, temporary crown materials, denture base materials, obturation materials (endodontic treatment), and filling materials (composite, cements, adhesives). The dental polymers that are to be used in the oral cavity should be harmless to all oral tissues – gingiva, mucosa, pulp, and bone. Furthermore, it should contain no toxic, leachable, or diffusible substance that can be absorbed into the circulatory system, causing systemic toxic responses, including teratogenic or carcinogenic effects. The materials should also be free of agents that could elicit sensitization or an allergic response in a sensitized patient. Rarely, unintended side effects of dental polymers may occur as a result of toxic, irritative, or allergic reactions. The most widely used polymer in prosthodontics is polymethyl-methacrylate resin (PMMA), which is used for fabrication of various dental prostheses and denture liners, temporary crowns and orthodontic appliances. The aim of the current paper is to provide an overview of the current literature on toxicology of dental polymers and to give implications for possible improvements concerning their biocompatibility.

BACKGROUND: Circular caries occurs in the earliest age of the children (1 - 1.5 year), immediately after the eruption of the deciduous teeth. During this period, children are too young to be able to properly implement oral hygiene. Consequently, it is at a negligible level, with plenty of soft plaque on the deciduous tooth surfaces.OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this clinical trial was to determine the correlation between oral hygiene shown with Oral Hygiene index, and the initial stages of circular caries (initial lesion and superficial form), before and after topical fluoride treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODS: For determination of the OHI - index we used the method of Green - Vermillion. It was determined two times in 117 patients, during the first visit and immediately before physiological replacement of deciduous teeth. Patients were two to three years old and diagnosed with initial stages of circular caries. Amino fluoride solution was applied once a week, during six months.RESULTS: We obtained statistically significant improvement of OHI - index at the end of the test, among treated subjects from both major groups.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the level of oral hygiene is correlated with the progression of changes in enamel. Topical fluoride treatment has a positive impact on reducing ECC.

The aim of this study was to determine salivary pH, buffering capacity and calcium levels in caries-free and caries-active children. We examined 80 children of both genders, 15 years of age. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: caries-free females, caries-active females, caries-free males, caries-active males; each group consisted of 20 subjects. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected by the spitting method and then pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva was measured. The results showed that mean level of buffering capacity of saliva was decreased significantly in the caries-active group as compared to caries-free group. The obtained data showed that the mean levels of pH and calcium were decreased in the caries-active group as compared to the caries-free group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The saliva with its constituents plays an important role in maintaining oral and especially dental health. Salivary pH values were found to be higher in the caries-free group. In our study, there was no significant correlation of pH values and caries activity with gender. Buffer capacity values were significantly lower in the caries-active group than in the caries-free group. There were significant differences when the groups were compared in the caries-active group where buffer capacity values were higher in boys than in girls. Calcium content of saliva was higher in the caries-free group. The results obtained in this study related to the values of the pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva, may serve as parameters for determining the caries risk patients, and accordingly to plan and carry appropriate caries preventive measures. Keywords: saliva, dental caries, pH, buffer capacity, calcium

Introduction. Health is the main component of the quality of life, while oral health is component of the general health. The socio-demographic characteristics are one of the important factors for perception of the oral health and the quality of life. The main purpose of this study was to perform an evaluation of the quality of life of geriatric patients (older than 65) with built-in oral prosthetic dentures depending on the ethnic affiliation, level of education and place of living, as socio-demographic characteristics. Materials and methods. The survey was a prospective transversal (cross-sectional) study conducted among 165 institutionally sheltered patients at the Gerontology Institute (inspected group - IG) and 170 patients from the dental specialist clinics (control group CG) at the age of 65 and older. The statistical program SPSS for Windows ver. 13.0 was used for statistical processing. Results and discussion. Patients with upper and lower total dentures dominated (43.6% vs. 26.5%). The highest GOHAI score had the other ethnicities of IC (32.08) and Roma of IG (31.00), while the lowest was in the Albanians of CG (25.91). The highest value of 30.15 had the IG of patients living in urban areas. Conclusion. The quality of life and oral health of the geriatric patients are at unsatisfactory level, with significant influence of the place of living and insignificant influence of the ethnic affiliation and level of education.