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Introduction: The combined use of methadone and exercise training holds promise for promoting health. This study investigates the impact of resistance and aerobic training in conjunction with methadone consumption on lipid profiles and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in addicted men. Material & Methods: Ninety addicted men (mean age 36.82 ± 4.32 years) undergoing prison treatment were randomly assigned to six groups (n=15 each): control, narcotics anonymous (NA), aerobic training + methadone, aerobic training + methadone reduction, resistance training + methadone, resistance training + methadone reduction. The 12-week exercise program, conducted thrice weekly, included aerobic training (4-8 sets, 3 minutes each, at 80-90% maximum heart rate on the ergometer bike) and resistance training (12 repetitions, 3 sets, at 70-85% of one repetition maximum). Blood samples collected pre- and post-intervention measured CRP and blood lipids using specialized kits. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, employing multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (P<0.05). Results: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels significantly increased in trained groups compared to the control (P<0.001). Moreover, trained groups exhibited significant decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and CRP compared to the control group (P<0.05). Importantly, aerobic training was more effective than resistance training in improving the studied variables. Conclusion: Exercise training, particularly aerobic training with methadone ingestion, yields positive effects, including reduced CRP levels and improved lipid profiles in addicted men. Exercise training with methadone reduction may be considered for empowering individuals with addiction issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effectiveness mechanism of aerobic training and omega-3 fatty acids supplement alone or combined together is remarkably unknown. In the present study, the effect of eight weeks aerobic training with omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the levels of paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase in the sedentary overweight and obese women have been investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty sedentary young women with age ranging 25-40 years were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 subjects in each group) including placebo (P), omega- 3 fatty acids supplement (O), aerobic training (T), and aerobic training + omega-3 fatty acids supplement (TO) groups. The subjects in the T and TO groups participated in aerobic training for eight weeks, three session per week, and the TO and O groups consumed omega-3 fatty acids supplement in daily 2000 mg dose. Blood samples collected before and after eight weeks intervention and the level of paraoxonase, myeloperoxidase and some other related metabolites was determined. Results: Serum levels of paraoxonase in the O, T and TO groups significantly increased compared to the P group (P < 0.001). Myeloperoxidase indicated a significant decrease in T and TO groups compared to P and O groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant increase of Apo-A1 and significant decrease of Apo- B were observed in both trained (T and TO) groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite increasing the paraoxonase levels following omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, the supplementation in combination with the aerobic training did not exert synergistic effect in the studied variables compared to the aerobic training alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training and zataria multiflora have been proven. In the present study, researcher investigated the effect of eight weeks combined exercise training and Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) supplement on the levels of IL-1β and insulin resistance in overweight and obese men. Materials and Methods: The 40 overweight and obese men with average age of 27.73 ± 2.15 years old and average body mass index (BMI) 28.41 ± 1.75 kg/m² were randomly divided into four groups including the placebo, Z. multiflora, combined training, and training + Z. multiflora. Combined exercise training program conducted for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Z. multiflora supplement was also consumed at 500 mg daily. Blood sampling was performed before and 48 hours after the eight weeks intervention. The levels of IL-1β and insulin were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The levels of IL-1β in training and training + Z. multiflora groups significantly decreased compared to placebo and Z. multiflora groups (P < 0.001). In addition, significant decrease of insulin resistance in training group compared to placebo (P < 0.001) and Z. multiflora (P = 0.003) groups, and also in training + Z. multiflora group compared to placebo and Z. multiflora groups were observed (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Combined training alone or in combination with Z. multiflora supplementation can exert anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, Z. multiflora supplementation cause the relative increase in exercise training effect for decrease in IL-1β and insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diabetes is a metabolic disease which is linked to increased physical disabilities and muscle tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continued exercises with crocin on Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in diabetic obese rats. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 56 adult diabetic rats (high-fat diet and venous injection of streptozotocin) were selected and randomly assigned to groups (1), intense interval exercises (2), low intensity exercise (3), intense interval exercise with crocin consumption, (4) Low intensity exercise with crocin consumption, (5) Crocin consumption, (6) sham and (7) control were divided. Intense interval and low intensity exercise groups lasted for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with intensity of 80 to 85 and 50 to 55 percent of maximum treadmill running, and crocin consumption groups for 8 weeks per day, mg / kg 25 crocin were taken peritoneal. To analyze the research hypotheses, Kolmogorov- Smirnov tests, independent T- tests and two-way multi-variable analysis of variance were used along with Benferron's comparison method. It should be noted that the significance level in all measurements was considered to be P-value≤ 0.05. Results: Results showed that exercise (P-value: 0.12) and crocin (Pvalue: 0.10) consumption had no significant effect on Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression in diabetic rats. Also interaction of exercise and crocin consumption on Bax/Bcl-2 was not significant (P-value: 0.12). Conclusion: It appears that exercise and crocin consumption have not interaction effect on improvement of Bax / Bcl-2 ratio in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Effect of resistance training on muscle mass increase, blood glucose control, hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, on type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has been approved. While injuries and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) may lead to some difficulties in diabetic patients to continue training exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation (o.1 g / 1kg / each day for 4 weeks) on DOMS, creatine kinase (CK) contraction and the skin temperature of the elbow flexing muscles in the untrained T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: The research was an experimental study. This study was a double blinded randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned into 4 groups of diabetic glutamine (N=10), diabetic placebo of Maltodextrin (N=10), healthy glutamine (N=10) and healthy placebo of Maltodextrin (N=10). Variables were measured before, 24, 48 and 72 Hours after exercise. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS-18 software. Results: Glutamine was effective on changes in CK and pain sensation 72 hours after exercise in diabetics. (P-value: 0.0001).In skin temperature was not significant different. Conclusion: Glutamine was not effective in preventing and reducing DOMS, but it may reduce the DOMS period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]