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In the Caucasus, the total area taken up by glaciers is known to have reduced by 23% over the last 20 years. This natural experiment allows for additive and replacement models of autogenic succession of biocoenoses within paraglacial landscapes to be tested. A certain risk of the extinction of cryophilic species also exists. However, montane paraglacial successions of invertebrate assemblages have hitherto been studied neither in the Caucasus nor in Russia as a whole. Structural changes of taxocoenoses were traced in a spatial and temporal sequence of ten properly dated paraglacial sites in the Tsey Gorge, North Ossetia − Alania (1–170-years old) among the testate amoebae, earthworms, molluscs, myriapods, mites, spiders, harvestmen, pseudoscorpions, collembolans, and beetles. As the glacier retreats, in place of bare paraglacial wastelands, grassland communities are formed that, after 10–14 years, are replaced by shrub vegetation and, on 30–35-year old surfaces, by forest communities. Most of the invertebrate groups, once “appearing” along a postglacial transect, were recorded from most older plots as well. Yet, their taxocoenoses underwent considerable transformations through increasing (or an increase turning into some decline in beetles) the species diversity and a strong, often complete change in the taxonomic composition and dominance structure. The most considerable transformations were observed at all major vegetation changes. The “appearance” of some groups in the transect was determined not only by dispersion capacities but mainly by the environmental conditions of particular habitats. When comparing the composition of the pioneer postglacial species complex of the study region with that in the mountains of Europe’s south and north, its high-degree regional specificity was noted, sometimes shown at the family level (in spiders). Spatial β-diversity of all larger taxa studied was mainly attributed to turnover (due to “the replacement model” of succession). The general level of change diminished towards the later succession stages. Endemic arthropod species were revealed both in pioneer grassland and developed forest communities.

A computer classification system of dendritic crystallogram images is presented in this paper. To improve the quality of classification we use an algorithm for the informative features formation, using methods of discriminant analysis. The method for receiving an informativeness estimation was used. As basic features are seven geometric characteristic were calculated. The research confirming the efficiency of the formed features for classification of dendritic crystallogramms images was conducted by means of classification by support vector machine. Of these, was selected most informative basic five features and one new feature was formed. The error classification decreased from 0.081 to 0.061. The algorithm possesses a sufficient level of universality and may be applied to increase the informativeness of any feature set.

New data on three species of spiders from Azerbaijan is presented. Of these, Anyphaena furva Miller, 1967 (Anyphaenidae) and Dysdera tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1979 (Dysderidae) are recorded for the first time in Azerbaijan, and Cyclosa algerica Simon, 1885 (Araneidae) is new to the entire Caucasus.

Objetivo: Mapear e caracterizar pesquisas sobre mortalidade infantil associada às iniquidades sociais em menores de um ano. Método: Revisão de escopo realizada segundo recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute e o Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR), no período de março a abril/2021, nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS e CINAHL. Foram incluídos estudos primários, revisões sistemáticas, metanálises, guidelines, diretrizes e relatórios descritivos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2015 e 2021. Resultados: Das 7.016 publicações, 61 foram selecionadas, e agrupadas segundo o perfil socioeconômico da mãe e a oferta em saúde, evidenciando-se as iniquidades sociais como: baixa escolaridade; baixa renda; domicílio em zona rural e, dificuldade de acesso a assistência de qualidade como determinantes para a mortalidade infantil. Conclusões: Observou-se a ampla produção de estudos acerca da mortalidade infantil associada as vulnerabilidades sociais em um panorama geral.

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A list of 31 species of hawk moths from the territory of Azerbaijan is given, based on collection materials from the Institute of Zoology of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Baku) and the Georgian National Museum (Tbilisi). Distribution maps for 27 species are provided.

The catocala moth, Catocala lesbia lesbia Christoph, 1887, caught in the Ordubad district of the Nakhchivan AR is recorded for the first time for Azerbaijan fauna. A single specimen was collected using UV light trap in 2018. Geographical distribution of the species is briefly discussed.

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da infecção pelo HIV em gestantes indígenas e não indígenas no estado do Pará. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação referentes ao período de 2010 a 2017. Resultados: As taxas de detecção de HIV em gestantes apresentaram tendência de crescimento nos dois grupos étnicos. O acompanhamento pré-natal mostrou-se importante para a triagem sorológica do HIV nas populações estudadas. Conclusão: Os elevados índices de HIV em gestantes, especialmente entre indígenas, evidenciam a necessidade de adequação da política e diretrizes de prevenção do HIV/aids de modo a torná-las culturalmente adequadas para os diferentes contextos étnicos. Além disso, torna-se imprescindível a ampliação das medidas de prevenção e diagnóstico do HIV em momentos que antecedem a gestação a fim de interromper a cadeia de transmissão do vírus.

Objetivo: el presente trabajo busca conocer las teorías subjetivas de la conducta prosocial de jóvenes voluntarios durante las etapas de respuesta y rehabilitación de un desastre socionatural. Método: se utilizó un diseño de caso cualitativo seleccionando, vía muestreo intencionado, 11 estudiantes universitarios voluntarios ante el desastre hidrometeorológico en Atacama, Chile. Los datos son producidos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de discusión, utilizando como estrategia de análisis el proceso de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: encontramos que (i) los voluntarios significan la conducta prosocial como un proceso de ayuda humanitaria, de temporalidad acotada, la cual depende de la empatía hacia los afectados, percepción de (in)capacidad institucional, evaluación subjetiva del riesgo, capacidades autopercibidas y sentido de responsabilidad social ante el desastre; (ii) Su desarrollo se vincula a una formación valórica temprana, la cual es mantenida por la participación constante en el tiempo en este tipo de actividades y el soporte emocional de terceros significativos; y (iii) Las motivaciones para el despliegue de estas conductas de ayuda, son del tipo extrínseco-social e intrínsecos-personales. Conclusiones: se sostiene la importancia del proceso formativo-educativo para el fortalecimiento del comportamiento prosocial, así como también, la importancia de formalizar el proceso de voluntariado ante estos eventos

An overview of the Arachnida and their study in Iran is provided. Besides ancient poetry, relics (going back to 5,000 YBP), and early medical observations (at least 2,000 YBP), the first published taxonomical observations of arachnids from Iran were in 1807 about scorpions. The superorders Parasitiformes and Acariformes (mites and ticks) have received by far the most attention among all of the Arachnida thanks to their economic and medical/veterinary importance. Occurrences have been noted for over 1,733 species in four orders: Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, and Trombidiformes. The first tick of the Ixodida was described in 1818. The first mite species described from Iran was of the Mesostigmata in 1982. The first member of the Sarcoptiformes named from Iran is uncertain, but the first Iranian species of the Suborder Oribatida was described in 1984 and was likely the first for the order. The first species described from Iran of the Order Trombidiformes were named in 1995. Studies on spiders started in 1874. Spiders are recorded by the occurrences of 764 species. Scorpions number 68 species in Iran and receive a lot of study and are better known compared to mites and spiders on a percentage basis, because scorpions have such a small diversity worldwide. The first Iranian species of Solifugae was described in 1895. The camel spiders are known from 67 species. Pseudoscorpions are recorded by 65 species. The Opiliones are known by 22 named species. The Amblypygi are recorded from Iran by one species described in 2018.

Podemos inferir que somos constituídos de passados, amontoados de situações e acontecimentos que se integram, interagem e se excluem, contribuindo para a formação do “eu” durante o passar do tempo, mediante ações que possuem uma finitude, com a morte. Assim, pois, segundo Candau (2011), o jogo existente entre a memória, resultando na construção da identidade é composto de recordações e olvido. É, portanto, nessa tríade memória-identidade-morte que este artigo se debruça, a fim de, a partir das memórias construídas cultural e socialmente da morte, de “passados”, demonstrar como isso contribui para a construção e personificação da personagem principal do romance de José Saramago (2005), As intermitências da morte - a própria morte. Para esse fim, nos propomos, inicialmente, a rememorar e discutir os conceitos de memória e identidade e sua inter-relação a partir de Candau (2011), Hall (2006) e Bauman (2005), além da pré-concepção sobre a morte construída no imaginário humano, figura caricata de um esqueleto envolto em sua foice, tendo como guia os estudos de Elias (2001), Ariès (2017) e Simmel (1998). Em seguida nos atemos à personagem morte e a formação/transformação de sua identidade no romance saramaguiano em busca do seu eu essencial. Finalizamos a pesquisa e consideramos a morte saramaguiana dotada de um sentido reformulado, como essencialidade à vida e geradora da mesma apesar de sua paradoxalidade.

Introduction. Splenic rupture associated with thrombocytopenic purpura caused by infectious mononucleosis is extremely rare. The evolution of patients with infectious mononucleosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus is favorable, self-limiting and does not require specific therapeutic interventions. The symptoms are well tolerated and have a low frequency of complications. Case presentation. Female 12-year-old patient presenting with diffuse abdominal pain, distension, nausea, tegument pallor and unquantified fever for two days. Upon admission to the emergency department, hemodynamic decompensation, purpuric lesions and ecchymosis in the limbs were observed. Laboratory and cabinet studies were carried out to confirm anemia, thrombocytopenia and splenic hematoma. Finally, an exploratory laparotomy was performed considering the possibility of hemoperitoneum. Results. The patient presented with splenomegaly, broken subcapsular hematoma, bleeding of 4000mL and accessory spleen lobe with splenic rupture. Conclusions. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare but possible complication of infectious diseases. However, its association with thrombocytopenic purpura is extremely rare.

Se observó si diferentes historias funcionales construidas durante la adquisición de un conjunto de morfologías lingüísticas facilitaban un ajuste convencional. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios distribuidos en tres grupos, expuestos a entrenamientos construidos bajo la lógica de diferentes niveles de interacción: contextual, suplementario o selector (Ribes y López, 1985); y posteriormente se evaluó su ejecución en una tarea convencional. El entrenamiento cuyo criterio de ajuste era de tipo selector fue la que más facilitó tanto la adquisición de las morfologías lingüísticas como su uso en la tarea, efecto que pareció más evidente en los hablantes que en los escuchas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los entrenamientos contextual y suplementario. Los resultados se discuten en términos de sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas.

Introducción: El estado nutricional de los niños puede ser un elemento predictor de salud en la edad adulta, la población Mapuche presenta una prevalencia mayor de obesidad que la población no-Mapuche en Chile. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el perfil antropométrico y los hábitos de actividad física de estudiantes Mapuches de una escuela rural particular subvencionada de la ciudad de Temuco. Material y Métodos: El diseño es no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra incluyó a todos los estudiantes Mapuches del establecimiento educacional (n=23), en ambos sexos. Se les realizó una evaluación antropométrica con ISAK y se estimó el tiempo total de actividad física a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física, versión corta en español (IPAQ-A). Para correlacionar las variables se utilizó una correlación parcial. Resultados: Los escolares alcanzan un promedio de 35,4% de masa adiposa, 34,1% de masa muscular, 11,4% de masa residual, 12% de masa ósea, 7% de masa cutánea y un somatotipo de 4,9–5,1–1,8 que los clasifica como mesoendomorfos balanceados. En cuanto al tiempo total de actividad física, los escolares alcanzan 2225,9 minutos/semana, su gasto energético es de 9592,1 (METs/minuto/semana) y su permanencia sentados equivale a 228,6 minutos a la semana, finalmente se encontró correlación negativa entre IMC y tiempo total de actividad física. Conclusiones: Los escolares presentan un perfil antropométrico mayormente normal, pero con una elevada prevalencia de obesidad. Su nivel de actividad física es alto, situándolos como sujetos activos de acuerdo a tablas normativas.

A shortcut review was carried out to establish whether dousing areas of contact with vinegar could relieve the symptoms of Irukandji syndrome. Four studies were directly relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. The clinical bottom line is there is a lack of evidence for effectiveness and the latest local guidelines should be followed., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/)

A shortcut review was carried out to establish whether dousing areas of contact with vinegar could relieve the symptoms of Irukandji syndrome. Four studies were directly relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. The clinical bottom line is there is a lack of evidence for effectiveness and the latest local guidelines should be followed., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)

Background: The use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the management of suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy is common. The associated morbidity can be significant. The present study determines significant predictors of CBD stones and improves the selection of patients for preoperative ERCP., Methods: All preoperative ERCP for suspected CBD stones in the year 1998 were studied retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses of a number of clinical, biochemical and radiological variables were carried out to determine the best predictors of CBD stones., Results: A total of 112 patients had successful preoperative ERCP. Sixty-one per cent of these were negative for stones and the morbidity was 9%. Univariate analysis revealed the following variables as predictors: cholangitis (P = 0.006), abnormal serum bilirubin > or = 3 days (P = 0.002), serum alkaline phosphatase > or = 130 U/L (P = 0.002), deranged liver function tests (P = < 0.001) and CBD diameter > or = 8 mm (P = 0.009) with positive predictive values of 80%, 68%, 49%, 38% and 52%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed the model with the best ability to discriminate for CBD stones (P = 0.0005) was cholangitis, abnormal serum bilirubin for > or = 3 days and CBD diameter > or = 8 mm. The best predictors from this study had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 27%., Conclusions: The predictors of CBD stones are imprecise. Until laparoscopic exploration of CBD becomes widely available, ERCP prior to cholecystectomy will remain popular. The use of stricter selection criteria can reduce the number of negative preoperative ERCP.