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Several skulls dated to the Early Iron Age discovered in various burial grounds located in the Prikuban and North Caucasus regions are examined in the article. All the skulls are dated to the early Iron Age. The skulls exhibit distinctive signs of scalping. Two of the skulls originate from the Meotian burial ground found in the Starokorsunsky hillfort No. 2, situated near Krasnodar and spanning from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD. One of the skulls was excavated from an ancient rural settlement dating to the 2nd centuries BC near the village of Starotitarovskaya in the Krasnodar region. Finally, the remaining skull was unearthed at the Gaston Uota site in Digor Gorge, North Ossetia. This site, concerning the Kobani culture, is dated between the 7th century BC and the 1st half of 4th century BC. The article presents four new instances of scalping originating from Southern Russia. All of the skulls belonged to adult males, and two of them exhibited injuries that appear to have occurred shortly before death. Among the skulls found at the Gaston-Uota burial ground and the settlement near Starotitarovskaya, scalping was executed in the conventional manner, entailing full-scale incisions over the entire hair-covered area. On the other hand, victims buried at the Starokorsunsky hillfort No. 2 displayed evidence of partial scalping, where only the top portion of the cranium vault was scalped, resulting in a limited area of scalp removal. This discrepancy in scalping techniques may reflect distinct cultural traditions associated with this ritualistic practice.

Foliar fertilizing is very important to supply apple plants with calcium and micronutrients. The most cost-effective approach to this is the application of the fertilizers in tank mixtures with plant protection chemicals. Plasma-activated water (PAW) has great potential for the use in the agriculture. We used two type of PAWs, PAW1 (made using underwater electrical discharge in an aqueous KNO3 solution and includes reactive nitrogen species and platinum nanoparticles) and PAW2 (made using a plasma torch with nitrogen gas makeup and contains reactive nitrogen species but not metals). We studied the impact of two PAW types on the contents of Ca, B, Mn, Fe, and Co in leaves and Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Mo in fruits sprayed with tank mixtures containing the fertilizers. We also tested the efficiency of PAW in the control of apple scab when applied as tank mixtures with plant protection chemicals. The application of the PAWs significantly increased foliar Ca when the PAW was mixed with Ca-containing formulations (spraying PAW1 containing Ca increased leaf Ca by up to 21%, and PAW2 up by to 9% compared to Ca spraying without PAW). The largest fruit Ca increase was in the variant treated with PAW1 with a micronutrient spraying program (up to 143%). The PAW treatments enhanced the baseline mineral contents of the plants even when they were not sprayed with the nutrients. PAW1 mainly increased the nutrient contents of the apple fruits. PAWs have proven to be efficient for the control of apple scab, thereby reducing the demand for fungicides. The scab damage to the leaves and fruits was similar in plants treated with PAWs without fungicides (1.7–1.9% on the leaves and 1.6–1.8% on the fruits) compared to the conventional chemical scab control (0.9% leaves and 0.6% fruits) and was significantly lower than in the untreated control (9.3% on leaves and 11.9 on fruits).

The foliar application of micronutrients can improve primary nutrient uptake. As a result, foliar treatments can reduce fertilizer application rates and help to maintain the natural health of soil. Here, we report on the tentative implementation of this approach in an apple orchard located in a temperate climate (JSC “Dubovoye” 52°36′57.1″ N 40°17′04.1″ E; planted in 2002 according to the 6 × 4 m or 417 trees ha–1 cultivar (cv.) Bogatyr grafted on B118 (Budagovskii 118). Manganese treatments augmented foliar nitrogen content and, in certain seasons, foliar phosphorus, whereas zinc treatments enhanced foliar potassium. Low-rate chemical fertilizers application (once in 5 years) on the background of initial high-rate organic fertilization (60 t ha–1 manure) allowed us to retain the optimal soil pH in the experimental orchard.

The article addresses the differential-psychological aspect of translating abilities as a component of language abilities. The peculiarity of translation is described including both linguistic and paralinguistic aspects of translating a content and a sense from one language into another accompanied by linguistic and cognitive actions. A variety of individual and psychological peculiarities of translation based on the translation dominant were revealed. It was demonstrated that these peculiarities are relevant to communicative and linguistic types of language abilities discovered byM.K. Kabardov. Valid assessment methods such as M.N. Borisova’s test for investigation “artistic” and “thinking” types of Higher Nervous Activity (HNA), D. Wechsler’ test of verbal and nonverbal intelligence, and a test developed by the authors of the article for individual specificity of interpreter’s activity as communicative and linguistic types of translating abilities assessment were used. The results suggest that all the typological differences are based on special human types of HNA. Subjects displaying the “thinking” type use linguistic methods when translating, whereas subjects displaying the “artistic” type try to use their own subjective life experience and extralinguistic methods when translating foreign language constructions. Extreme subjects of both types try to use the most developed components of their special abilities in order to compensate the components of the other type which are not well developed to accomplish some language tasks. In this case subjects of both types can fulfill these tasks rather successfully.

The title compound, C24H29NO4, is the product of a Petrenko–Kritchenko condensation of 1,5-bis(2-formylphenoxy)-3-oxapentane, pentan-3-one and methylammonium acetate in ethanol. The molecule has mirror symmetry. The aza-14-crown-3 ether ring adopts a bowl conformation stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond. The conformation of the C—O—C—C—O—C—C—O—C polyether chain is t–g+–t–t–g−–t (t = trans, 180°; g = gauche, ±60°). The dihedral angle between the benzene rings fused to the aza-14-crown-4-ether moiety is 72.68 (4)°. The piperidinone ring adopts a chair conformation. The nitrogen atom has a trigonal–pyramidal geometry, the sum of the bond angles being 335.9°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H...O interactions, forming zigzag chains propagating along the [100] direction.

The proper use of potassium fertilizer can stimulate a significant yield increase. However, the application of excessively high rates of potassium can reduce the availability of soil calcium for apple trees. The potassium fertigation rate must meet the apple tree’s requirements so that the applied fertilizers can be absorbed by the roots as much as possible. Crop load in apple orchards sometimes varies significantly in different years. The potassium content in apple fruits is relatively high, and the maximum requirement for this nutrient occurs when fruits grow and ripen. Different crop loads at that time mean the various demands of trees and need for changing application rates for this nutrient. The investigation was carried out in the experimental orchard of I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre (Michurinsk, Russia) in 2016 and 2017 (52.885131, 40.465613). We studied seasonal changes of potassium and calcium contents in soil, fruits, and leaves and their relationship with yield during the research. We paid much attention to the potassium rate shift on its content in leaves and fruits and cultivars “Lobo” and “Zhigulevskoye” yield. If the potassium application rate changes according to the actual crop load, it stimulates the yield growth or (if the crop load was relatively low) the reduction of the rate did not lower the productivity. Moreover, we studied the relationship between potassium and calcium nutrition. The decrease in potassium fertigation rate increased the availability of soil calcium. It was the reason for fruit calcium concentration enlargement and mitigation of the K/Ca ratio. We also specified some parameters for soil–leaf diagnosis for potassium nutrition during the growing season.

We have translated the results of N -body simulations of one barred model into the language of action variables and frequencies. Using this language, we analysed the behaviour of all orbits in the model on a large time-scale at the stage of a mature bar. We show that the orbits join the bar while preserving their adiabatic invariant, which takes into account the three-dimensional structure of the orbits. This allows us to apply the concept of the Lynden-Bell derivative for each of these orbits and trace how the sign of the derivative changes; i.e. how asynchronous changes in angular momentum Lz and orbital precession rate Ωpr (normal orbital mode) change to synchronous (abnormal mode). The transition to the abnormal mode occurs when Ωpr reaches the angular velocity of the pattern Ωp, after which the orbit becomes stuck in the bar trap. All this happens against the background of secular changes in actions (Lz decreases, J R and Jz increase). At the same time, corotating particles near two stable Lagrange points are also subject to secular changes in their actions. They increase Lz and drift to the periphery, shifting corotation outwards. We also show that a change in the orbital mode from normal to abnormal and the trapping of orbits in a bar are possible only when the bar speed decreases with time, regardless of what is causing the bar to slow down. Our findings clarify and expand the picture of bar formation and evolution in numerical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal dynamics and kinematics of galaxies have imprints on the line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD). Gauss–Hermite parametrization allows one to identify the kinematics features of the system in terms of skewness (h 3) and broadness (h 4) deviations of an LOSVD. Such a method provides information about the type of orbits since a |$h_3\!-\!\overline{V}$| correlation is a sign of elongated orbits, and the anticorrelation is a sign of circular or near-circular orbits. In previous works, analysis of the |$h_3\!-\!\overline{V}$| relation provided a tool to identify a hidden bar or B/PS bulge (edge-on, PA = 90°) and to probe their strength. We prepared two N -body galaxy models with clear B/PS bulges: one has an ordinary bar (the X model), and the second one has a barlens embedded into a bar (the BL model) to investigate the mechanism of formation of h 3 features at any position of an observer. We show that the |$h_3\!-\!\overline{V}$| correlation appears in the regions where bar and disc particles are mixing. We also reveal that the model with a barlens has an |$h_3\!-\!\overline{V}$| anticorrelation in the centre, and we show that barlens-specific orbits are responsible for this signal. Moreover, this feature can be observed only for galaxies with compact bulges and barlenses. The results of this work are applicable for the interpretation of future integral-field unit (IFU) data for real galaxies with B/PS bulges, especially for objects with barlenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce dessins d'enfants on unions of surfaces, possibly glued. We show why they are natural, discuss their relations with Belyi pairs on reducible curves and provide some examples. In particular, we provide an example of a Fried pair which degenerates to a dessin on a reducible and singular curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aimed to assess the use of colorectal cancer (CRC) tests for prevention and early detection, alongside exploring the associated barriers to these tests. A stratified national survey was conducted in Chile, involving 1893 respondents (with a 2.3% error margin and 95% confidence interval). Logistic and multinomial regression analyses were employed to examine variations in test utilization likelihood and barrier. We found that the key determinants for undergoing CRC tests included age, health status, possession of private health insurance, and attainment of postgraduate education. Notably, 18% and 29% of respondents covered by public and private insurance, respectively, cited personal prevention as the primary motivation for test uptake. The principal obstacle identified was lack of knowledge, mentioned by 65% of respondents, while 29% and 19% of the publicly and privately insured respectively highlighted lack of access as a barrier. The results of this study provide valuable insights into factors influencing CRC screening, aiming to inform public health policies for expanding national coverage beyond diagnosis and treatment to encompass preventive measures.

На сьогодні, успішна корекція аортального стенозу проводиться з використанням як хірургічних, так і транскатетерних методик, які в свою чергу, не позбавлені різноманітних можливих ускладнень, одним з яких виступає гостре пошкодження нирок (ГПН). Метою роботи було оцінити частоту та визначити предиктори гострого пошкодження нирок в післяопераційному періоді у пацієнтів зі стенозом аортального клапана, залежно від застосованого методу хірургічного лікування. Методи. До ретроспективного відкритого дослідження було включено 126 пацієнтів зі стенозом аортального клапана, які отримували лікування протягом 2018-2022 р.р. в клініці ДУ «Інститут серця Міністерства охорони здоров’я України». Залежно від способу корекції аортального стенозу усі пацієнти були розділені на 2 групи – перша група, у якій корекція аортального стенозу проводилась шляхом транскатетерної імплантації аортального клапана (група TAVI, n = 47) та друга група, у якій корекція аортального стенозу проводилася за рахунок протезування аортального клапана біологічним протезом (група БіоПАК, n = 52). Порівняння досліджуваних груп проводилося щодо показників передопераційного, інтраопераційного та раннього післяопераційного періоду. ГПН визначалось на основі KDIGO критеріїв. Статистичну обробку отриманих результатів проведено на персональному комп’ютері за допомогою програми «MedCalc». Результати. Пацієнти, яким в подальшому проводили TAVI (Група 1), характеризувалися істотно старшим віком (р=0,002), на 10,4% достовірно нижчим рівнем гемоглобіну (р=0,001) та вищою оцінкою операційного ризику за EuroSCOREII (р

The article reproduces the history of the creation and activity of several camp organizations in Wetzlar (Germany) during 1917 — the first months of 1918. Each of them (“Volya”, “I. Mazepa Association of Senior Barracks”, “Ukrainian Art”, “Farmer”, “Relief and Distribution Committee”) contributed to the process of social and national awareness of Ukrainian prisoners, primarily thanks to their involvement in the life of the general camp community. Having received primary education in the camp school, its students preferred to expand their knowledge, gained experience in community work, learned new standards of collegial solutions to their urgent problems in the camp dimension. In turn, this created a basis for the formation of their political worldview, which was characterized by a distinct Ukrainian centrism. Camp societies created for their members all opportunities for their own self-realization — in accordance with the natural or acquired inclinations of prisoners, helping them successfully overcome all the hardships of camp life. Community work became a real school of personal development for many camp inmates, instilling in them the foundations of democratic values and instilling in some of the prisoners a willingness to take up arms and defend the newly created Ukrainian People’s Republic in a duel with Bolshevik Moscow.

Authorized interview with Professor Natalia Yakovenko (the conversation was conducted by Tetiana Grygorieva, the text was prepared for publication by Marharyta Stafiichuk)