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El estudio se centra en los fans que acaban de asistir a un gran evento deportivo. Se investigan las relaciones entre emociones, valor transferido del evento al patrocinador oficial, satisfacción, lealtad y respuesta al patrocinio. Una muestra de 364 fans que asisten al Gran Premio Teléfonica de Europa de Fórmula 1 responden a una encuesta a la salida de este evento. Se aplica la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa estadístico EQS 6.2 para contrastar las relaciones entre las variables del modelo teórico propuesto. Los resultados muestran que se da la trasferencia de valor entre evento y el patrocinador oficial. Dicha transferencia tiene como antecedente las emociones vividas en el evento, y como consecuencias la satisfacción, la lealtad y la respuesta al patrocinio.

Purpose In the context of Brexit, this study aims to analyse whether the worsening of the UK’s image might have triggered: worse feelings towards the tourism workers and a decrease in the final intention to travel to the UK. This paper compares responses from high and low-context tourists to identify at which target the reactions are more intense. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were formulated in a general model based on the theory of reasoned action applied to Country Image in the tourism sector, comparing the model in high (150 responses) versus low-context (406 responses) scenarios. Structural equation modelling methodology was used. Findings The intention to travel to the UK worsens when two out of the three dimensions of country image worsen (aesthetical and functional) and also when feelings towards workers in this country worsen. Related to cross-cultural differences, the main effect on feelings towards workers comes from the normative dimension of the UK’s image, together with the aesthetic perception. Moreover, travellers’ intentions are influenced by functional and aesthetic perceptions of the country as well as feelings towards workers. High-context cultures showed a significantly stronger effect of the aesthetic dimension of the country on feelings towards workers. Originality/value This paper tries to advance the understanding of how feelings towards employees in the UK can determine future visits to this destination. In addition, some cultural differences may explain why low-context cultures are more affected by the worsening of the UK’s image after Brexit.

PurposeThis paper studies, based on the theory of service-dominant logic, the effect of value co-creation practices (linking and materializing) on engagement dimensions (popularity, commitment and virality). The main objective is to analyze the influence of value co-creation practices on engagement at international trade shows organizer association on Twitter.Design/methodology/approachThis paper studies the usage of Twitter by the Specialty Food Association, which organizes one of the top five foods and beverage international trade show in the United States. To achieve the research objective, the authors have analyzed 1,608 posts on Twitter from the Twitter account @Specialty_Food. A content analysis was performed using Krippendorff's (2004) recommendations, and the data were analyzed using regression analysis with optimal scaling and Kruskal–Wallis Test.FindingsAccording to the results, some materializing practices influence popularity, commitment, virality and global engagement on Twitter. While the usage of some linking practices influences respectively commitment and popularity.OriginalityThese results provide valuable information for business-to-business (B2B) contexts and answer a research gap reported in previous literature, which affirms that more research is needed about the relationship between service systems and engagement. From a general view, to generate more engagement on social media in B2B contexts, it is recommended to prioritize posts that incorporate live and online events based on collaborative and dynamic human interactions, following by business ideas and business cases.

Sharing economy research has risen exponentially during the last 4 years. Although several theoretical revisions on this topic have been developed, a conceptual analysis based on bibliometric techniques and science mapping tools is lacking. Within this framework, this article has two aims: (i) to carry on a performance analysis to identify the outstanding themes and (ii) to visually present the scientific structure by topics of research in sharing-collaborative economy as well as its evolution to identify future directions. The resources in the Web of Science Citation Index were used. Intelligent techniques and, more specifically, the SciMAT tool (based on co-word analysis and h-index analysis) were applied using a sample of 940 indexed papers from 2010 to 2020 (with 10.652 global citations). Our results show that the new post-pandemic era requires the sharing economy industry to investigate alternative ways: to improve trust, to innovate, to search for authenticity and experiences, to attend tourist motivations based on sustainability, and to use big data and manage overtourism.

espanolEste estudio pretende avanzar en la comprension de la relacion entre el profesor y el estudiante universitario con el objetivo de mejorar el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Se articula sobre tres ejes: el enfoque de rendimiento del estudiante, la relacion entre diversos aspectos del profesor y, fi nalmente, el efecto de estos aspectos sobre el rendimiento del estudiante. Los resultados obtenidos de una muestra de 45 profesores y 932 estudiantes muestran que la orientacion al estudiante por parte del profesor afecta al aprendizaje percibido y a la satisfaccion del estudiante. Se alcanzan otros interesantes resultados que permiten establecer ciertas conclusiones e implicaciones. EnglishThis research intends to advance the understanding of the university teacher-student relationship in the context of teachers’ market orientation with the aim to improve students’ performance. Thus, the study is articulated on three axes: the students’ performance approach, the relationship among diverse aspects of teachers, and, fi nally, the effect of these aspects on students’ performance. The results gained from a sample of 45 teachers and 932 students show that teachers’ student orientation infl uences perceived learning and student satisfaction. Other interesting results are also attained that lead to certain conclusions and implications.

PurposeThe basis of this paper is to carry on a bibliometric analysis to investigate how “marketing” decisions have affected “packaging” success in different disciplines. This analysis covers from the first paper published on this topic (in 1956) to the last papers published in 2019.Design/methodology/approachA total of 1,170 scientific papers (including 14,177 citations within those papers) were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, dated from 1956 to 2019. Scimat software was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results of this paper show that two main sectors constitute the focus of packaging studies from a marketing approach: food and tobacco. Recently, the main topics of research have evolved towards sustainable and health packaging, concerning different agents involved in packaging decisions: retailers, marketers, consumers and producers. So, both lines of research represent promising lines of research.Originality/valueThree different investigating profiles (i.e. engineers, marketers-psychologists and doctors-scientists) have examined how packaging should be prepared to succeed. However, a holistic bibliometric analysis about “packaging” and “marketing” is missing from those three branches of knowledge. This study is important to guide future lines of research to fill the identified gaps.

PurposeThe two major purposes of this paper are as follows: first, to identify those appropriate key attributes that a commercial avatar promoting a leisure service must have in terms of likeability, expertise, credibility and attractiveness, with the final purpose of stimulating millennials' acceptance (emotions, buying intentions and electronic word of mouth [eWOM]) and second, to compare if men and women expect the same attributes in a successful avatar.Design/methodology/approachA three avatar designs were prepared for this experiment. Then, they were presented to the respondents to be evaluated changing the order of appearance for avoiding biases: (attractive/likeable, expert/credible and normal/basic avatars). The participants were recruited using an online procedure. The final sample size was 104 consumers. They provided 302 valid responses about the three different avatars. A restaurant chain Chili's in Peru was used to define this experiment.FindingsFindings of the study indicated that the design attributes of an avatar and the desired effects were related terms. Second, an expert/credible avatar worked better than an atractive/likeable one and also better than a common avatar, especially among the feminine target.Originality/valueThis paper tries to develop a guide for executives or entrepreneurs immersed in the gastronomic field in Peru, to enable them to make appropriate decisions regarding the definition of an attractive and disruptive web page design with an innovative tool: efficient commercial avatars.

espanolA traves de la presente investigacion, se pretende analizar el papel del capital de marca universitario en el ambito privado espanol. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio empirico contando con una muestra cuantitativa de 993 respuestas validas procedentes de distintos agentes implicados (343 profesores, 164 empleados de servicios y 486 estudiantes). Los resultados obtenidos muestran la repercusion de cada una de las variables del capital de marca a nivel educativo y, en especial, la importancia de construir imagen de marca para maximizar la percepcion de capital de marca en las universidades privadas espanolas. A su vez, se observan diferencias significativas de percepcion entre los distintos agentes universitarios implicados, siendo los empleados de servicios los que mayor media presenta en todas las variables, tales como: (1) notoriedad de marca, (2) imagen de marca, (3) calidad percibida de marca y (4) lealtad de marca. EnglishThis research was carried out to examine the role of university brand capital in Spanish private universities. To get the aim, an empirical study is carried out with a quantitative sample of 993 valid responses from different agents involved (343 lecturers, 164 service staff and 486 students). The results obtained show the impact of each of the variables of brand capital at the educational level and, in particular, the importance of building brand image to maximize the perception of brand capital in Spanish private universities. At the same time, there are significant differences in perception among the different university agents involved, being the service staff the highest average in all variables, such as: (1) brand awareness, (2) brand image, (3) perceived quality and (4) brand loyalty.

Public managers need to improve city residents’ quality of life as a first step to boost its tourism development. Marketing strategies can play a useful role, as the city marketing theory states. The present article aims to compare the efficacy of two marketing strategies embedded in a public mega-event: (a) an experiential strategy, based on emotions encourage during the event and (b) a green strategy, based on green actions linked to this event. Furthermore, following Hall’s theory of cultural determination, this article aims to compare these strategies’ efficacy in two alternative cultures: a high-context (Mexico) and a low-context culture (Spain). We contacted 202 and 204 residents in Mexico and Spain during the event. In low-context cultures (Spain), an experiential marketing strategy achieves greater results than a green one; conversely, in high-context cultures (Mexico), a green marketing strategy is more effective.

Having a healthy lifestyle is one of the main personal goals, and multiple behaviors can be used to achieve this goal. However, people do not always develop appropriate health behaviors. One of the consumption alternatives is the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which has been increasing significantly in recent years, although not always adequately. This study aimed to determine whether CAM use is associated with a healthy lifestyle in Spanish adults. To achieve these objectives, 2486 adults were interviewed as part of the 2018 Barometer of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas about their lifestyle and CAM use. The findings show a relationship between healthy lifestyle and CAM use; our study shows that there are significant differences between people with healthier lifestyles and those with less healthy lifestyles in some of CAM use, such as herbal medicine, meditation, yoga, nutritional therapies, and acupuncture.

This study proposes a general model for sports sponsorship which takes as its central concept the transfer between event and brand in terms of value and experience, elaborating on antecedent and effects. 364 questionnaires from Valencia GP Formula 1 2012 fans revealed that value is not transferred from event to brand, whereas, the experience is transferred. The observation is also made that the two terms (experience and perceived value) are significantly related. Additionally, the study confirms that are the antecedent variables of the central concept of the model, together with the proposed effects.

Purpose The rise of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) during the last decades has made the volunteer a key element. Motivation and satisfaction have been indicated as predictive indices of their retention. The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it seeks to better understand the motivations of the volunteers, addressing the effects of such motivations. On the other hand, it analyses whether the intensity of such antecedents and effects differs depending on the type of NGO with which they work: generalist vs specialist. Design/methodology/approach A study with 847 volunteers from different types of NGOs was done using structural modelling methodology and multi-sample analysis. Findings The type of NGO moderates the relationship between the satisfaction of the volunteer and the intention to recommend. Practical implications Given that in specialist NGOs the impact of satisfaction on the intention to recommend is significantly stronger than in generalist NGOs, making sure that volunteers are satisfied becomes a priority in this type of NGO. In this regard, satisfaction studies among volunteers could be conducted periodically to detect crisis situations and implement improvement actions to recover satisfaction in the occupied position. Originality/value First, to date, the motivations of the volunteer have been investigated from different disciplines, the self-determination theory (SDT) being an important motivational theory widely used in areas such as social, education and sports psychology. However, there is little research from a marketing approach to understand the background of the motivations of volunteers under this conceptual framework provided by the SDT. Second, there is also a scarcity of literature linking the motivations of a volunteer with the emotions they may feel, ultimately achieving consolidated lasting links with the NGO in which they are integrated. Third, most research on volunteering to date has focused on differentiating volunteers from non-volunteers and understanding the reasons for volunteering. However, the presence of studies on the differences in the motivation of the same according to the type of NGO with which they collaborate has been scarce.

Purpose The experiences are the basis of the tourist sector and the creation of unique and unforgettable ones allows the differentiation from the competition. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the experience when visiting a zoo on our emotions and how they influence our (positive and/or negative) behaviors and to investigate whether an innovation (gamification programs) could be used to intensify the relations proposed. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected the experiences lived by 242 visitors in BIOPARC Valencia (a zoological park). Two subsamples were identified: 166 insatiable tourists who expressed that the gamification would complete their experience, and 76 conventional tourists who indicated that the current experience did not need any kind of improvement. Findings The results show that some of the proposed relationships are more tenuous among the insatiable visitors, defenders of gamification, which allows the authors to verify the possibilities offered by gamification. Originality/value First, although the impact of experiential modules on emotions and behaviors has already been investigated, as far as behavioral effects are concerned, the difference between positive behaviors (loyalty) and negative behaviors (complaints and claims) has not been addressed. Second, the relationship between both types of behaviors (positive and negative) in this sector has not been studied to date. Finally, although the literature recognizes the impact of technology and its importance as an instrument of experiential marketing, its empirical exploration remains uninvestigated. Indeed, to date, the willingness of consumers to adopt gamified strategies to improve their tourism experiences has not been investigated.

Today, it is a priority to predict what consumers will choose at the point of sale where there are more and more competing brands. But what kind of consumers' information can be used for that purpose? This paper compares the power of physiological responses (unconscious responses) and self-report/verbal responses (conscious responses) towards product packages, as a means of predicting product choices. To this end, six different packaging designs were created by combining three different colors (blue, red and black) and two different messages (simple and reinforced). Eighty-three young consumers were exposed to each of the six designs. In one phase of our investigation, unconscious electrodermal activity (EDA) for each participant and each packaging type was recorded. In another phase, conscious verbal opinions for each packaging type were collected in a questionnaire. Our results show that the blue packaging with a reinforced message was most often selected. For this packaging consumers' electrodermal values (unconscious responses) were lower, and verbal opinions (conscious responses) were higher. Thus, both data sets could be used to anticipate product choice. However, for the other five packages, only unconscious responses were related to product choices. In contrast, higher opinions in a questionnaire did not correspond to selection of packages.

espanolLas marcas invierten mucho para promocionarsey generar credibilidad en sus consumidorespara que estos sientan apego hacia ellas,ya que el apego influye en la intencion de compra.Este estudio pretende determinar si essuficiente la notoriedad de marca, o se necesitacredibilidad para generar apego hacia lasmarcas. Para esto se realizo una investigacioncausal con analisis factorial confirmatorio y unmodelo con ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultadossenalan que la notoriedad de marcainfluye en la formacion del apego en muy pocosescenarios, mientras que la credibilidadtiene mayor influencia como antecedente delapego hacia la marca. EnglishBrands invest a great deal in promotion and generating credibility among consumers so that they identify with them, since brand identification influences purchase intentions. We aimed to determine if brand awareness is enough to develop brand identification, or if credibility is also needed for this purpose. Causal research was carried out with confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation model. The results show that brand awareness influences brand identification in very few scenarios, whereas credibility has a greater influence on brand identification.

El turismo tradicionalmente ha sido un sector importante para la economia espanola, que ahora debe asumir el reto de la recuperacion, luego de la crisis generada por la pandemia. En este contexto, las redes sociales son una excelente herramienta para atraer a los turistas nuevamente a nuestras fronteras en una era post-covid. Utilizando los resultados de varias investigaciones previas, elaboramos una guia con 17 recomendaciones para promocionar los destinos de la Comunidad Valenciana en redes sociales y contribuir a la recuperacion en el sector.

El trabajo pretende identificar grupos de turistas de un evento deportivo, el GP Europa de Fórmula 1, con relación a su motivación para el consumo deportivo y características básicas que definen dichos grupos para conocer los perfiles de turista de un gran evento deportivo. Para caracterizar a los sujetos se utilizó el análisis clúster con una muestra de 148 asistentes al evento, turistas nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de cuatro grupos de sujetos bien definidos: los sociales (formado por los que obtienen fuertes connotaciones sociales asistiendo al evento, el 17,6% de la muestra), los ostentosos (son el 17,5% de la muestra, que sin una motivación especial para asistir destacan por sus ingresos netos mensuales elevados), los intrépidos (compuesto por el 37,8% de la muestra, movidos por la adrenalina y la emoción de la experiencia) y los experimentados (se trata del 20% restante, grandes conocedores del evento deportivo). A partir de ello se puede concluir que los turistas de un evento deportivo tienen características diferenciales y comportamientos de consumo distintos que deben tenerse en cuenta por los tomadores de decisiones del sector turístico. The main objective of this paper is to identify groups of visitors to a specific sporting event; the European Grand Prix F1, focusing on the sport consumption motivation and the characteristics that define these groups. The aim is to understand the different profiles of visitors to sporting events. Cluster analysis was used with a sample of 148 national and international tourists attending the event. The results show that there are four well-defined groups: the social group (those who gain strong social connotations by attending the event, 17.6% of the sample), the ostentatious group (accounting for 17.5% of the sample with a high monthly net income and no special motivation to attend), the intrepid group (37.8% of the sample, driven by the adrenaline and emotion of the experience) and the experienced group (the remaining 20%, great connoisseurs of the sporting event). In conclusion, sports event tourists have different characteristics and different consumption behaviors that must be taken into account by decision makers in the tourism sector.

This paper aims to test to what extent emotional responses towards a low-fat product presented virtually converge with emotional responses toward this product when presented physically. Second, we want to probe if low-order emotions (physiological/unconscious responses) and high-order emotions (cognitive/conscious responses) converge to explain healthy product choices. To this end, 83 young participants were engaged in our experiment. Two packaging design variables were manipulated with the help of a real company (the color and the message), so that six different packages were created. Two different buying contexts were simulated: A virtual context and a physical context. Physiological responses were continuously recorded in both contexts (heart rates, electro-dermal responses, and eye muscle reactions). At the end, participants provided cognitive responses in a questionnaire concerning the selected package. Our results have demonstrated that low-order emotions remain stable (from a virtual to a physical environments). Virtual simulations elections and real product elections are correlated (X2 = 40.493, p &lt, 0.02). Physiological and cognitive responses do not converge. Correlations between unconscious responses (low-order emotions) and self-reported measures (high-order emotions) was contrary to expectations (negative sign). Only low-order emotions explain product choices. On the contrary, real packaging choice and high-order emotions correlated inversely (the t values were significant but negative).

The objective of this research is to identify which are the key variables for designing a message in a social network that can be used by an advertiser to generate Positive/Negative Engagement. The...

This paper investigates the relationships among food choice motivations and the relevance of packaging elements (visual and informative elements) in the adolescent market. In addition, these relationships are re-tested in two different frameworks: high-involved consumers and low-involved consumers. 590 young consumers between 13 and 17 years were interviewed at the door of their public or private schools. Structural Modelling was used to test our hypotheses. The first analysis was done considering the global sample. The second one split off the sample into two groups: 351 high-involved adolescents and 239 low-involved adolescents. Our results showed, on one side, that weight control and familiarity motivations do significantly affect the relevance of visual packaging cues. On another side, price motivations and weight control motivations do affect the relevance of informative packaging cues. The rest of food choice motivations are not linked to packaging cues. Second, regarding involvement, our results could not demonstrate that high-involved adolescents will also be higher food choice motivated consumers with a greater concern with the packaging decisions.

Packaging attributes can be classified into two main blocks: visual/commercial attributes and informational/technical ones. In this framework, our objectives are: (i) to compare if both kinds of attributes lead to equal responses (consumers' attitudes improvement and product trial) and (ii) to compare if they work equally when a hedonic or a healthy new product is launched into the young market. An experimental design was defined to reach both objectives. Two packaging attributes were manipulated orthogonally to introduce greater variation in people's perceptions: a visual cue (the color) and an informative cue (the claim/label). A third variable was introduced: hedonic (candy bars) versus functional/healthy products (juice with fruit and milk). In a laboratory, 300 young consumers chose and evaluated one of the different packages that were simulated (using different colors and labels). Our results show that both kinds of attributes are significant, but visual cues were more strongly associated with young consumers' positive attitudes towards the product and their intention to buy than technical cues. Results do not differ between the product categories.7.

Media fragmentation represents new challenges for product placement strategies to become an increasingly effective way to reach consumers and non-users. In this frame, this paper has been developed with three main objectives: (i) to carry on a performance analysis to measure the visibility/impact of the scientific product in product placement (most cited authors, journals, and themes), (ii) to visually present the scientific structure by topics of research in product placement as well as its evolution to identify future research lines, and (iii) to compare both objectives in generic journals and specific communication ones. To this end, the resources in the Web of Science Citation Index were used. Scimat software was applied on a sample of 694 indexed papers from 1992 to 2021 containing “product placement” with 8,521 global citations (176 of the papers were indexed in communication journals with 3,190 citations). Our results show that MEMORY is a key motor theme—the future of research tends to new themes in the communication field (i.e., ATTITUDES/BEHAVIORS or VIRTUAL). Three industries have been key: alcohol, tobacco, and food. This research adds value to previous analysis as long as we have included: (i) a multidisciplinary approach; (ii) an unfolded analysis focusing strictly on communication journals; and (iii) a longitudinal analysis to compare different periods showing dynamic scientific maps.

This paper analyses the attitudinal effect of a cause-related marketing campaign which becomes viral through social networks. This attitudinal response is observed in three Internet user segments with different affinity levels: i) strong (familiar with the sponsoring brand and the promoted cause); ii) intermediate (familiar with the brand or the cause); and iii) weak (without previous experiences of either the brand or the social cause). To develop our experiment, 360 Internet surfers agree to participate. Their attitudes were measured before and after the showing of a viral spot in which a pet food brand encourages pet adoption. Our results show that a viral campaign works perfectly for the strong-affinity segment and adequately for the week affinity segment. On the contrary, this viral campaign leaves the intermediate-affinity segment indifferent.

From a public administration approach, alcohol consumption is responsible for 3.8% of overall mortality. From a private approach, companies in the alcohol industry are faced with increasing competi...

A través de la presente investigación se pretende analizar el papel del capital de marca en el sector educativo entre los estudiantes universitarios. Para tal fin, se analizan las principales aportaciones de la literatura al estudio del capital de marca y su aplicación en el sector educativo, identificando qué variables determinan el mismo en la educación superior. Una vez establecido el modelo de capital de marca susceptible de aplicación en el sector educativo, se lleva a cabo un estudio empírico contando con una muestra cuantitativa de 1.133 respuestas válidas procedentes de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la repercusión de cada una de las variables del capital de marca sobre dichos pupilos, siendo: notoriedad de marca, imagen de marca, calidad percibida de marca y lealtad de marca.

Packaging is a relevant tool when adolescents and young adults search for low-fat and healthy foods. However, the power of a packaging is not homogenous. In this framework, two main objectives guide our work: (i) to investigate to what extent visual cues (size, colors, images etc.) are more important than informational cues (label); (ii) to analyze if adolescents and young adults pay equal attention to both packaging cues. 590 adolescents between 12 and 18years of age were interviewed at the door of both public and private schools. Additionally, 300 young adults between 19 and 25years of age were contacted. Their opinions were analyzed twice using structural modelling techniques: (i) without considering age differences and (ii) splitting the sample into adolescents (590 participants) and young-adults (300 participants) to compare their perceptions. Our results have showed that when looking for healthy and low-fat aliments visual cues (size, colors, images etc.) are more important than informational cues (label design, easily understandable words, size of the letters). Additionally, age is a pertinent variable to explain alternative packaging strategies, because adolescents and young adults do not pay equal attention to both packaging cues.

A través de la presente investigación se pretende analizar el papel del capital de marca en el sector educativo. Para tal fin, se analizan las principales aportaciones de la literatura al estudio del capital de marca y su aplicación en el sector educativo, identificando qué variables determinan el mismo en la educación superior. Una vez establecido el modelo de capital de marca susceptible de aplicación en el sector educativo, se lleva a cabo un estudio empírico contando con una muestra cuantitativa de 2.239 respuestas válidas procedentes de distintos agentes universitarios implicados. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la repercusión del capital de marca en lo relativo a las variables que lo determinan, siendo: notoriedad de marca, imagen de marca, calidad percibida de marca y lealtad de marca. This research was carried out to examine the role of brand capital in higher education. For this purpose, the main contributions of the literature related to the study of brand capital and its application in the educational sector were analyzed, identifying which variables determine brand capital in the higher education sector. Once the susceptible brand capital in the higher education sector was established, an empirical study was carried out using a valid sample of 2,239 responses from different university agents involved. The results obtained show the repercussion of the brand capital relative to the determining variables, which are: brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality and brand loyalty.

This paper investigates, first, to what extent adolescents highly involved in food are more worried about weight control and health than less involved adolescents. Second, it studies the impact of both food choice motivations on food packaging relevance, considering both, visual and informative packaging cues. Finally, these relationships are re-tested in two different frameworks: men and to this end, 589 adolescent consumers between 14 and 17 years were questioned. The interviews were done personally by an external company at the door of 30 different schools. Our results have confirmed the relevance of packaging informative cues over visual cues for adolescents highly worried about weight control and health. Women are significantly more involved in food than men, being also more worried about weight control and health than them. Even more, women pay significantly more attention than men on informative cues when they choose a food to control weight.

This paper compares two manufacturer strategies focused on their retailers: (i) product strategy and (ii) service process strategy (before, during, and after selling). Additionally, the role of time in the manufacturer–retailer relationship is measured, testing the relevance of both strategies: before and after a loyalty programme. To this end, a sample of 51 international retailers who work with a furniture manufacturer throughout the time were contacted in two different periods of time: in 2009, before implementing a loyalty programme, and in 2012, after implementing a loyalty programme. Results probe the importance of the service strategy compared to product strategy to explain retailers’ satisfaction. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the length of time does not strengthen the manufacturer–distributor relationship. That is, the efficacy of loyalty programmes to strengthen retailers’ satisfaction and loyalty could not be probed in this paper, may be due to the situation of the current economy ...

espanolEl objetivo del estudio es proponer un modelo teorico basado en el comportamiento del turista deportivo y las teorias de patrocinio deportivo. Tras un exhaustivo analisis de la cuestion, este modelo recoge tanto la transferencia de valor y experiencia entre el evento y el patrocinador como los antecedentes del comportamiento del visitante de un gran evento deportivo. EnglishThe aim of this research is to propose a theoretical model based on the behaviour of the sports tourist and sports sponsorship theories. After a thorough analysis of the issue, this model gathers the transfer of value and experience between the event and the sponsor, as well as the previous behaviour of the visitor of a major sporting event.

Quality of life can be achieved improving certain subjective factors, such as attitudes, rather than emphasize objective factors. The born of this concept and the concern to use systematic and scientific methods for its evaluation are relatively recent.