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Introduction: Chemical compounds polluting the environment and contained in cigarette smoke affect the immune system and the respiratory tract contributing to the development of diseases. Given the sexual dimorphism of innate and acquired immunity, the objective of the study was to identify characteristics of the local and systemic immunity in adolescent girls and boys exposed to harmful environmental and cigarette smoke chemicals. Materials and methods: During two years of the study, we examined 546 active and passive teenage smokers of both sexes living in industrial cities with high ambient air pollution. Levels of interleukins-2 and -10, alpha- and gamma-interferons, immunoglobulin A in blood serum, nasal and oral washings of high school students were tested. Results: We established sex-specific differences in local and systemic immune responses of adolescents to effects of the combined air pollution and cigarette smoke exposure. Significant differences in the content of cytokines and immunoglobulin A were found only for males. The levels of alpha and gamma interferons in the oral lavage fluid of smoking boys were lower while the level of interleukin-2 was higher than those in non-smokers. Blood levels of alpha interferon and immunoglobulin A in male smokers were higher than in non-smokers. Conclusion: Sex-specific differences in the response to the combined effect of air pollution and cigarette smoke necessitate a differentiated approach to elaborating preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at preventing immunological and upper respiratory disorders in adolescent boys and girls.

AIM: To conduct a hygienic assessment of the health risk levels associated with drinking water with high nitrate and nitrite contents in the rural territories of the Republic of Buryatia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The content of nitrates and nitrites in drinking water in comparison with the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) was assessed in the period of 20102019. With the use of the risk assessment methodology, non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) for adult and child populations of priority territories is calculated. RESULTS: In the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, two priority territories were identified according to the largest content of nitrates in the drinking water of a centralized cold water supply system: Mukhorshibirsky and Tarbagatai districts. The maximum nitrate concentrations reached 4.52 and 4.11 MPC, respectively, which are 1.71 and 1.45 times higher than in the previous five-year period, respectively. A similar situation was observed in the non-centralized water supply system in these areas, with 4.98 MPC in the Mukhorshibirsky district (1.88 times higher) and 3.41 MPC in Tarbagatai (2.53 times higher). CONCLUSIONS: The unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk due to nitrate contamination of drinking water at the level of the average centile trend (Me) is established for the adult and child population provided with centralized water supply in the Tarbagatai region. The HQ exceeds the acceptable level for children consuming decentralized drinking water in the Mukhorshibirsky district. The risk levels for children and adults due to oral intake of nitrites with drinking water of centralized and non-centralized water supply were not dangerous (HQ 1).

Introduction. Teacher’s health problems depend on many factors. However, research has focused on psychological stressors. The goal is to assess the factors of the school environment and determine the impact of seniority and the level of academic load on the health status of secondary school teachers. Material and methods. Assessment of working conditions of teachers was studied on hygienic characteristics and their research in 11 schools. There were studied conditions of the school environment (microclimate, lighting) and the timing of the teachers’ labor process. A clinical and psychological examination of 53 women with an average age of 50.0 (44.0-59.0) years, work experience - 27.0 (19.0-34.0), load - 25.0 (21.0-32.0) hours per week. According to the indices of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process, the class of working conditions in only 25% of the examined corresponded to the permissible class. The frequency of increased irritability, hypertension, emotional exhaustion, reduced stress resistance is higher in the group of teachers with experience of 20 years or more. Discussion. Teachers of secondary general education are exposed not only to occupational stress, but also to the effects of the negative conditions of the school environment and the labor process. Conclusions. Targeted studies of the conditions of the school environment, factors of the educational process must be carried out to identify their impact on the health status of teachers.

Introduction. Snow is an informative object for assessing the chemical load in areas with persistent snow cover. However, snow samples are rarely used as a source of air contamination data. The purpose of the study is to characterize the atmospheric air by the granulometric composition of suspended substances contained in snow samples. Methods. Studies of the particle size distribution of atmospheric suspensions accumulated in the snow cover for the winter period 2017-2018 have been carried out. The snow was placed in sterile containers and stored at room temperature. The liquid was studied on a laser particle analyzer Fritsch Analysette 22 NanoTech (Germany). The measurements were carried out in the range from 0.08 to 2000 μm. Results. At the five points studied, was found the predominance of small particles (with a diameter of 10.1-50 μm and 1-10 μm). Most of the atmospheric suspension (21.8-60.9%) is represented by particles with size from 10.1 to 50 microns. The highest content of fine dust with a diameter of 1-10 microns is noted in the immediate vicinity of the railway tracks. This is probably due to the combustion of diesel fuel in railway locomotives. The background point is located in a residential area that is remote from industrial sources of pollution and highways. The peculiarity of the background point is the content of a significant proportion of particles of large size (fraction from 400 to 700 microns was 27.8%, more than 700 microns - 23.8%). Conclusion. Research indicates the need to further improve the system of social and hygienic monitoring of environmental pollution using snow cover analysis methods.

Introduction. Prevention of the syndrome of autonomic dysfunction (SAD) remains relevant due to the high prevalence and risk of transformation into chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system. Aim to assess the information content of the environmental factors and lifestyle in the formation of SAD in school children. Material and methods. The studies were carried out in urban and rural iodine-deficient territories of the Irkutsk region with different levels of the technogenic load. A total of 786 school children were examined, 250 children aged 7-17 years were included in the group for the analysis of informative factors. Factors of a way of life, quality of an inhabitancy, biological factors are studied. The influence of the factors studied on the formation of SAD was determined using the Bayes method. Results. SAD was found in the surveyed group at a frequency of 28.2 ± 2.8 per 100 children. The highest prevalence of this pathology was noted in children in the industrial city - 69.2 ± 3.7, in rural areas - 7.7 ± 2.8. Priority risk factors that can contribute to the development of a SAD in children are identified: an index of the air pollution = total exposure of formaldehyde > volume of training load > intensity of training work > child gender > excretion of formaldehyde > excretion of iodine in the urine> personal anxiety. Conclusions. The factors of the information content of risk factors in the formation of SAD in schoolchildren can be used for the early detection of persons at risk in conducting preventive medical examinations.

Introduction. The problem of the carcinogenic danger of the gain in cancer incidence in large cities and industrial centers is under consideration, but there are no studies on the epidemiological and hygienic aspects of the prevalence of cancer pathology in the regions of Siberia. Material and methods. Incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors were studied as in general as corresponding to the leading localizations in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases for 1991-2015. To reduce the uncertainties of the analysis associated with the small population of the rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia (RB), the average value for five-year periods was calculated. Results. The epidemiological analysis of the long-term morbidity and mortality rate in cancer cases indicates negative trends. The gain in cancer prevalence was revealed to be 1.5 times higher in the RB. The increase of the index value is especially pronounced in the following localizations: blood and hemopoietic organs by 2.8 times, genitourinary system - 2.8 times, endocrine system - 2 times, digestive organs - 1.5 times. Malignant neoplasms of the lungs (33.3 ‰00 of the population) and the stomach (28.1 ‰00) are most often recorded. Using repeated georeferenced measurements of oncological pathology from the general population in the RB, we identified clusters highlighting a particular structure in the spatial distribution of high and low values of the mortality and incidence rate. Conclusion. The further direction of research is discussed: a detailed study of the impact of carcinogenic risk factors (industrial, natural and climatic origin, lifestyle) and the organization of medical care for the population in identified areas of risk.

The main goal of this paper is to throw the light upon new possibilities of the contemporary digitalization age for the coal mining industry, as well as to identify its advantages for the Russian coal industry. Taking into account the permanent trend of coal demand weakening and declining of carbon intensity of energy consumption over the last years, it is vitally for coal mines to embrace new digital technologies, as they provide with optimization of processes which not only leads to higher productivity and efficiency but more worker’s safety. Digital transformation is a process, an enterprise goes through, by embracing new ways of thinking, based on the clear idea, that it is necessary to improve industrial and environmental safety, using social media, mobile, and other digital applications. The most viable digital innovations that have been introduced widely by the mining sector across the world are automation and robotics, Big Data, Internet of Things, real-time data, 3D-printing, artificial intelligence, virtual reality mine training, etc. The development of such technologies in Russia’s coal mining industry means higher productivity and competitiveness in the world coal market. Automated haulage systems in open-pit mines are one of the critical prerequisites for the successful development of unmanned technologies in mining industry. There are different stages of digital transformation and robotics in mining industry that are shown in the article, and it is proved the feasibility of usage of such a technology in open-pit mines of Russia, which is demonstrated by the example of equipping hauls with robotic mobile management system.

The incidence and mortality from oncological pathology of the population of Siberia is characterized by a more pronounced increase than in other regions of Russia. The purpose of the study is to give an epidemiological assessment of the realized carcinogenic risk for workers exposed to carcinogens in everyday life and at work. Estimation of the incidence and mortality is given taking into account the place of permanent residence and the main place of work based on the carcinogenic register of the Oncologycal Clinic. An analysis of the epidemiological (realized) risk of oncological pathology was carried out according to relative risk indicators (RR). The influence of the studied factors on the risk of developing of malignant neoplasms was determined using the Bayes method, evaluating the information content of each of the factors. The carcinogenic hazardous workers are characterized by high risks of morbidity of malignant neoplasms: according to the sum of localizations - RR = 6.6, malignant respiratory organs RR = 10.1, digestion RR = 7.8, genital organs RR = 5.7, urinary tract RR = 5, 4, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues RR = 5.1 and melanoma RR = 4.2 times. Tumors of these localizations have a large production condition (76.2–90.1%). The data obtained determine the further direction of the activities of interested bodies and institutions within their competencies in monitoring carcinogenic risk for the population and reducing the level of exposure of substances with a blastomogenic effect to risk groups.