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Hypertension is a multifactorial condition with high rates of complications such as cardiovascular and renal diseases, making it a worldwide public health concern. This disease alters calcium regulation by inducing bone loss, which is limited by anti-hypertensive drugs. One such drug, losartan, inhibits angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptors. The aim of this study was to compare the process of alveolar repair in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar rats, and to assess the effect of losartan on bone dynamics. Treated and untreated rats underwent dental extraction of the upper right incisor and were euthanized 7, 14, or 28 days after surgery. Alveolar repair was then analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically by measuring proteins involved in bone metabolism. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann Whitney test for comparison of samples at different times. Alveolar repair was slow in SHRs, while losartan increased bone formation and trabecular thickness in both SHRs and Wistars. Because the analyzed proteins are found in dynamic bone, it is suggested that losartan interferes with the actions of angiotensin II and the renin-angiotensin system and limits bone metabolism. La hipertensión es una enfermedad multifactorial con altas tasas de complicaciones, como enfermedades cardiovasculares y renales, lo que la convierte en un problema de salud pública mundial. Esta enfermedad altera la regulación del calcio induciendo la pérdida ósea, que está limitada por fármacos antihipertensivos. Uno de estos fármacos, losartán, inhibe lo receptores AT1 de angiotensina II (Ang II). El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el proceso de reparación alveolar en ratas espontáneamente hipertensas (SHR) y ratas Wistar, y evaluar el efecto del losartán sobre la dinámica ósea. Las ratas tratadas y no tratadas se sometieron a extracción dental del incisivo superior derecho y se sacrificaron 7, 14 o 28 días después de la cirugía. La reparación alveolar se analizó luego histomorfométricamente e inmunohistoquímicamente midiendo las proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo óseo. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, seguida de la prueba de Mann Whitney para comparar muestras en diferentes momentos. La reparación alveolar fue lenta en SHR, mientras que losartán aumentó la formación ósea y el grosor trabecular en SHR y Wistars. Como las proteínas analizadas se encuentran en hueso dinámico, se sugiere que losartán interfiere con las acciones de la angiotensina II y el sistema renina-angiotensina y limita el metabolismo óseo. A hipertensão é uma condição multifatorial com altos índices de complicações, como doenças cardiovasculares e renais, o que a torna um problema de saúde pública mundial. Esta doença altera a regulação do cálcio induzindo a perda óssea, que é limitada por medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Uma dessas drogas, o losartan, inibe os receptores AT1 da angiotensina II (Ang II). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e ratos Wistar, e avaliar o efeito do losartan na dinâmica óssea. Ratos tratados e não tratados foram submetidos à extração dentária do incisivo superior direito e eutanasiados em 7, 14 ou 28 dias após a cirurgia. O reparo alveolar foi então analisado histomorfometricamente e imunohistoquimicamente através da medição de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo ósseo. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste de Mann Whitney para comparação de amostras em momentos diferentes. O reparo alveolar foi lento em SHRs, enquanto o losartan aumentou a formação óssea e a espessura trabecular em SHRs e Wistars. Como as proteínas analisadas são encontradas no osso dinâmico, sugere-se que o losartan interfere nas ações da angiotensina II e do sistema renina-angiotensina e limita o metabolismo ósseo.

El sector floricultor colombiano ocupa el segundo puesto en las exportaciones agrícolas no tradicionales del país, después del café. Colombia posee una amplia variedad y especies de flores que le permiten atender a diferentes mercados del mundo, tanto en cantidad como en calidad de los productos. Al enfocarse en Asia Pacífico, este artículo presenta un panorama general del comercio de flores a nivel global, para luego identificar las particularidades, fortalezas y amenazas del sector colombiano y los mecanismos de integración que podrían beneficiar el comercio con los mercados asiáticos. Finalmente se analizará el caso de tres empresas floricultoras, que han construido relaciones de comercio exitosas con Asia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental socket bone healing process by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANK), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) proteins in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Under general anesthesia, 25 Wistar rats and 25 SHRs underwent upper right incisor extraction. Rats were euthanized after 7, 14, 21, 28, or 42 days of dental extractions. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of OPG, RANK, and RANKL proteins were performed. Histomorphometric results showed decreased bone healing and reduced bone trabecular thickness in SHRs. Immunohistochemical reactions showed intense RANKL and RANK immunolabeling at 14 and 28 postoperative days and mild OPG immunolabeling at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery in SHRs. The results of this study show that RANK, RANKL, and OPG immunolabeling was altered in SHRs, and these results are associated with bone healing delay and decreased trabecular thickness in SHRs. Hypertension alters the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG and delays the socket bone healing process. These alterations could influence some dental procedures such as orthodontic treatment and implant placement.

India is a country where people experience daily disparities and contradictions. In its 28 states and seven territories, it holds a multitude of diverse cultural ethnics, languages and religions. When it comes to economic growth, India has surpassed other nations, some of them from the Asia Pacific region. However, on regards to social indicators, such as, extension of life expectancy, reduction of child mortality, increase of the literacy rate of women, it has been surpassed by others in the region. One of the main aspects that has influenced its slow development is inequity, due to a large extent to the caste system, social structure for more than 3.500 years in the subcontinent.

Objective: To investigate the impact of single or repeated episodes of reversible demyelination on long-term locomotor performance and neuroaxonal integrity, and to analyze the myelin proteome after remyelination and during aging. Methods: Long-term locomotor performance of previously cuprizone-treated animals was monitored using the motor skill sequence (MOSS). Quantitative analysis of myelin proteome and histopathological analysis of neuronal/axonal integrity was performed after successful remyelination. Histopathological findings observed in experimental chronic remyelinated lesions were verified in chronic remyelinated lesions from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Results: Following cessation of cuprizone treatment, animals showed an initial recovery of locomotor performance. However, long after remyelination was completed (approximately 6 months after the last demyelinating episode), locomotor performance again declined in remyelinated animals as compared to age-matched controls. This functional decline was accompanied by brain atrophy and callosal axonal loss. Furthermore, the number of acutely damaged amyloid precursor protein–positive (APPþ) axons was still significantly elevated in long-term remyelinated animals as compared to age-matched controls. Confocal analysis revealed that a substantial proportion of these APPþ spheroids were ensheathed by myelin, a finding that was confirmed in the chronic remyelinated lesions of MS patients. Moreover, quantitative analysis of myelin proteome revealed that remyelinated myelin displays alterations in composition that are in some aspects similar to the myelin of older animals. Interpretation: We propose that even after completed remyelination, axonal degeneration continues to progress at a low level, accumulating over time, and that once a threshold is passed axonal degeneration can become functionally apparent in the long-term. The presented model thus mimics some of the aspects of axonal degeneration in chronic progressive MS. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:227–244

Brain transcriptome and connectome maps are being generated, but an equivalent effort on the proteome is currently lacking. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics for in-depth analysis of the mouse brain and its major brain regions and cell types. Comparisons of the 12,934 identified proteins in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia and cortical neurons with deep sequencing data of the transcriptome indicated deep coverage of the proteome. Cell type-specific proteins defined as tenfold more abundant than average expression represented about a tenth of the proteome, with an over representation of cell surface proteins. To demonstrate the utility of our resource, we focused on this class of proteins and identified Lsamp, an adhesion molecule of the IgLON family, as a negative regulator of myelination. Our findings provide a framework for a system-level understanding of cell-type diversity in the CNS and serves as a rich resource for analyses of brain development and function.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829196.pdf: 397092 bytes, checksum: ae8c06f67bfaa9d589934981c550dd81 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A hipertensão arterial representa um fator de risco sistêmico para várias doenças incluindo redução da massa óssea por aumentar a reabsorção e diminuir a formação óssea. Considerando que a formação óssea é resultante da atividade de osteoblastos, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características fenotípicas e genotípicas de células osteoblásticas diferenciadas de CTMs (células-tronco mesenquimais) de SHR. A partir de medulas ósseas de fêmures de SHR, CTMs foram obtidas por adesão ao plástico de cultura de células e diferenciadas em osteoblastos por cultura em meio osteogênico até que atingissem a subconfluência. Em seguida, as células foram subcultivadas na densidade de 2x104 células/poço em placas de 24 poços. Células obtidas de Wistar foram utilizadas como controle. Para a avaliação das respostas celulares foram realizados ensaios de proliferação celular, atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), formação de matriz mineralizada e expressão gênica dos marcadores osteoblástico: 1) runt-related transcription fator 2 (RUNX2), 2) Osterix (OSX), 3) Fosfatase alcalina (ALP), 4) Proteína óssea morfogenética 2 (BMP2); 5) Sialoproteína óssea (BSP), 6) Osteocalcina (OC), 7) Osteopontina (OPN), 8) e Colágeno (COL), além dos receptores β1 e β2 adrenérgicos. Os dados foram comparados pelo teste ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey, e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p≤0,05). Células osteoblásticas de SHR apresentaram alterações no fenótipo osteoblástico, exibindo, em todos os períodos avaliados, menor proliferação celular, atividade de ALP e formação de matriz mineralizada. A expressão gênica de todos os marcadores ósseos também foi menor em SHR quando comparado com Wistar na maioria dos períodos avaliados. A expressão gênica do receptor β2 adrenérgico foi maior em SHR em todos os períodos avaliados e não foi detectada... Hypertension is a systemic risk factor for several diseases including reduction of bone mass by increasing bone resorption and reducing bone formation. Considering that bone formation results from osteoblast activity, the aim of this study was to assess the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of osteoblastic cells differentiated from MSCs of SHR. Bone marrow was harvested from SHR femurs and MSCs were selected by adherence to plastic cell culture and differentiated into osteoblasts by culturing in osteogenic medium until subconfluence. Then, the cells were subcultured at a density of 2x104 cells / well in 24 well plates. Cells from Wistar rats were used as control. Cells responses were evaluated by assaying proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), mineralized matrix formation and the gene expression of the osteoblastic markers: runt-related 1) runt-related transcription fator 2 (RUNX2), 2) Osterix (OSX) 3) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 4) Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2); 5) Bone sialoprotein (BSP), 6) Osteocalcin (OC), 7) Osteopontin (OPN), 8) and Collagen type 1 alpha (COL), in addition to the gene expression of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Data were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test and the level of significance was 5% (p ≤ 0.05). SHR derived osteoblasts showed changes in osteoblastic phenotype, exhibiting in all periods reduced cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralized matrix formation. The gene expression of all bone markers was also lower in SHR compared with Wistar in many periods. The gene expression of the β2 adrenergic receptor was greater in SHR in all periods and it was not detected the expression of β1receptor either in SHR or Wistar. Based on these results, we conclude that osteoblasts differentiated from SHR MSCs exhibit reduced or delayed in the differentiation process. We also suggest...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cursino_nm_me_araca.pdf: 2792202 bytes, checksum: 7bc02b29243b06952aa21b86edc0566a (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A hipertensao arterial representa um fator de risco sistemico e condicao desfavoravel para tratamentos dentarios, especialmente aqueles que necessitam de reparacao ossea. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e o efeito do atenolol sobre este processo. Wistar e SHR tratados ou nao com 100mg/kg/dia (atenolol), foram submetidos a extracao do dente incisivo superior direito e sacrificados aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 42 dias apos a cirurgia. As hemi-maxilas foram removidas e as imagens radiograficas foram realizadas. A analise radiografica foi obtida por meio do sistema digital Digora. Analises histologicas, histomorfometricas e reacoes imunoistoquimicas foram feitas em cortes histologicos de 5ƒÊm de espessura, os quais foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina ou submetidos a imunomarcacao para RANK, RANKL, OPG e proteinas MMP-9. A analise histologica foi realizada por microscopia optica e a analise histomorfometrica pelo software RGB / Leica Qwin Color. Os resultados densitometricos e histomorfometricos foram analisados pela Anova two-way. Na analise imunoistoquimica, utilizando um microscopio optico, foram atribuidos scores as imagens. Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes estatisticos Kruskal-Wallis e Mann Whitney. As diferencas entre os resultados foram consideradas significativas quando p

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:42:55Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:42:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da UNESP (PROPe UNESP) Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. If undiagnosed or untreated, this pathology represents a systemic risk factor and offers unfavorable conditions for dental treatments, especially those requiring bone healing. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate, by analysis of bone mineral density (BMD), that the alveolar bone healing process is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Material and Methods: Wistar rats and SHRs were submitted to extraction of the upper right incisor and were euthanized 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after surgery. Right maxillae were collected, radiographed and analyzed using Digora software. BMD was expressed as minimum (min), middle (med) and maximum (max) in the medium (MT) and apical (AT) thirds of the dental alveolus. Results: The results were compared across days and groups. Wistar showed difference in med and max BMD in the MT between 7 and 28 and also between 14 and 28 days. The AT exhibited significant difference in med and min BMD between 7 and 28 days, as well as difference in min BMD between 28 and 42 days. SHRs showed lower lined BMD in the MT at 28 days when compared to 21 and 42 days. Differences were observed across groups in med and min BMD at day 28 in the MT and AT; and in max BMD at 14, 21 and 42 days in the MT. Conclusions: These results suggest that the alveolar bone healing process is delayed in SHRs comparing with Wistar rats. UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Pediat & Community Dent, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Surg, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Basic Sci, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Pathol & Clin Propedeut, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Clin Surg & Anim Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Grad Program Dent, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Integrated Clin, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Pediat & Community Dent, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Surg, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Basic Sci, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Pathol & Clin Propedeut, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Clin Surg & Anim Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Grad Program Dent, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Integrated Clin, Sch Dent Aracatuba, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 08/01893-0

A screen in oligodendrocytes establishes a Rab family member and its GAPs as regulators of exosome secretion by controlling endocytic vesicle docking with the plasma membrane., Oligodendrocytes secrete vesicles into the extracellular space, where they might play a role in neuron–glia communication. These exosomes are small vesicles with a diameter of 50–100 nm that are formed within multivesicular bodies and are released after fusion with the plasma membrane. The intracellular pathways that generate exosomes are poorly defined. Because Rab family guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) together with their regulators are important membrane trafficking organizers, we investigated which Rab GTPase-activating proteins interfere with exosome release. We find that TBC1D10A–C regulate exosome secretion in a catalytic activity–dependent manner. We show that Rab35 is the target of TBC1D10A–C and that the inhibition of Rab35 function leads to intracellular accumulation of endosomal vesicles and impairs exosome secretion. Rab35 localizes to the surface of oligodendroglia in a GTP-dependent manner, where it increases the density of vesicles, suggesting a function in docking or tethering. These findings provide a basis for understanding the biogenesis and function of exosomes in the central nervous system.

Nowadays the protection of quiet areas is an issue of increasing importance. This importance is reflected in the European directives and policy intentions of many countries around the world. In order to protect this areas, is important to characterize their soundscapes and analyze the areas, paying special attention to the geography, aesthetics, social, psychological and cultural aspects, since these aspects play a significant role in the noise perception. The aim of this research is to analyze two of the most important Berliner parks. Victoria-Park and Schlosspark are located in very different areas in Berlin. Schlosspark is in a more quiet neighborhood with families and Victoria-Park is in a lively, young and multicultural neighborhood. The protection of these parks begins understanding the community who make use of them. The research will be based on interviews and soundwalks according to the soundscape approach. The results will be presented.