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The article is devoted to the history of the discovery of and research into medieval monuments of sacred architectureand their complexes from the princely Halych and Volhynian territory, carried out during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It reflects the circumstances and conditions for researching the territory, which, due to historical events, were part of different empires (namely, the Russian and Habsburg). It is noted which scientists and institutions were engaged in the study of antiquities and under whose control such study took place. The article presents the main results of archaeological and architectural studies of sacred architecture, the complex of remains of wooden and brick temples held in Volhynia and Podillia, namely in Lutsk, Volodymyr and the surrounding area, Bakota on the Dniester, as well as in Eastern Galicia and Bukovyna, namely Halych and its environs, and Vasyliv. In this context, the discovery of burials within or outside churches and in church cemeteries was noted. Emphasis was made on the discoveries of the remains of the princes in the Assumption Cathedral in Volodymyr.

This article is dedicated to famous Lviv archaeologist Markian-Orest Smishko, whose 120-th anniversary is celebrated by the scientific community on November 7, 2020. The life and scientific activity of archaeologists during periods of different political regimes are displayed on the basis of a large source base. Lion’s share of the researcher’s archives is preserved in Lviv. However, most of them, in particular, materials from the family archive, were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. M. Smishko was born, lived and worked all his life in Lviv. His formation as an archaeologist can be dated back to the interwar period and is associated with the Polish University of Lviv. Till 1939, he discovered, researched, and put into scientific circulation a large number of archaeological sites that made his name well-known. Special place in his scientific research of this time belongs to sites of the Early Roman period. Simultaneously, M. Smishko conducted classes for students, took part on scientific grants, organized archaeological collection of the University and restored archaeological finds. He was one of L. Kozłowski’s favorite pupils. The next stage of M. Smishko’s life is connected with academic archeology of Lviv. From 1940 to 1961, M. Smishko headed the Department of Archeology, which was a leading academic institution in western Ukraine. Initially, it was Lviv Department of the Institute of Archeology of Academy of Sciences of USSR, and since February 1951 – Department of Archeology of the Institute of Social Sciences of Academy of Sciences of USSR. Here M. Smishko showed himself best as a scientist and organizer of academic activity, carried out his most resonant field research, published most important scientific works, including «Карпатські кургани І тисячоліття нашої ери» («Carpathian barrows of the first millennium AD») (1960) in which he distinguished a separate archaeological culture of Carpathian Tumuli, defended his doctoral dissertation (1965), raised a whole constellation of his pupils and followers. Key words: Markian Smishko, barrows, cemeteries, burial sites, Early Slavic archeology, Roman period, Carpathian Tumuli culture, glass workshop, Komariv.

Field archeological activity of Lviv University during the interwar period is considered through the site protection legislation of the Second Commonwealth. There were two archaeological chairs at the university during the period under study – one of prehistory and one of classical archaeology. In fact, the Chair of the prehistory served as site protection institution. All reports of archaeological finds were sent at the same time to the conservator Zbigniew Hornung and to the heads of the chair. So, archaeologists of the University, depending on their scientific interests, visited these sites. The most active field research was conducted by T. Sulimirski and M. Smishko, and some field activity was also carried out by K. Żurowski, H. Cehak and others. During the period of 1928–1939 a huge number of sites were discovered and explored in the western part of Ukraine. Among them Mali Gribovychi and Kulchytsi in Lviv region, Stopchativ, Trach, Komariv and Bukivna in Stanislaviv region are worth to mention. Most of them are burial sites. First of all, they were reflected in addition to publications in the documents of “Office of Conservation of Lviv Voivodeship”. These are permissions, brief information reports and short notes about finds from different locations. At the same time, documents which confirmed conducting of field studies by the Chair of the Classical Archeology were preserved. Taking into account that the main area of interest of the Chair was ancient civilizations, its employees carried out much less archaeological studies on our territory. However, almost every year E. Bulanda, K. Majewski and I. Startchuk obtained permission for excavation or surveys. The joint work of both Chairs deserves special attention. For example, in summer of 1937, surveys were carried out on the territory of Borshchiv powiat (district) with the participation of young archaeologists M. Smishko, I. Starchuk and other employees of the Chair. The expedition was quite successful and its results have been published in Lviv journals, in particular in “Eos”. Key words: reform of 1928, site protection legislation, Chair of the Prehistory, Chair of the Classical Archeology, permission on field researches, burial sites.

Monograph Review: Radoslaw Liwoch. Zabytki z wykopalisk Teodora Nieczuja-Ziemieckiego w latopisowym Pleśnisku ( Podhorce na Ukrainie ). Krak o w : Ekodruk , 2018. 168 s .

Rozwoj nauki nie jest mozliwy bez wspolpracy, wymiany doświadczen, a nawet przyjaźni miedzy badaczami. Archeologia, ktora w XIX wieku przeszla dlugą droge od hobby do dyscypliny naukowej, nie byla pod tym wzgledem wyjątkiem. Jak zauwazyl J. Pasternak na lamach „Archeologii Ukrainy”, w polowie XIX wieku na Ukrainie dzialaly trzy glowne ośrodki archeologiczne – lwowski, kijowski i odesski (Pasternak 1961: 18). W przeciwienstwie do Kijowa i Odessy, Lwow byl cześcią Cesarstwa Austriackiego, archeologia rozwijala sie wiec tam podobnie jak w innym ośrodku naukowym Galicji, tj. w Krakowie. Specyfiką Lwowa bylo wspolistnienie zarowno ukrainskich jak i polskich ośrodkow archeologicznych. Celem autorki jest poszukiwanie aktywności archeologow lwowskich w tworzeniu europejskiej przestrzeni intelektualnej. Analiza dokumentow pozwala stwierdzic, ze archeolodzy lwowscy wspolpracowali z uczonymi z niemal calej Europy (szczegolne stosunki lączyly ich z badaczami z Krakowa). Ponadto nalezy zauwazyc, ze relacje te pojawily sie nie tylko miedzy instytucjami, ale rowniez na poziomie stosunkow osobistych.