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Efforts to utilize and improve the value of pulp waste have been done by using primary sludge (still containing cellulose) and fly ash as a filler to produce composite foam polystyrene (PS)- based as sound absorbent. In this study, the composite foam was produced by mixing primary sludge and fly ash with several compositions such as PS, PS/PS-g-MA/primary sludge/fly ash (80/10/10/0), (80/10/7/3), (80/10/5/5), (75/10/10/5), and (75/10/12/3). The composite was characterized based on ISO 11654:1997, mechanical properties, thermal analysis using TGA and DSC, morphology using SEM, crystallinity using XRD, and chemical analysis using FTIR. The results showed that the band at 1600.63 cm-1 was sharper due to a chemical reaction being formed between PS, primary sludge, and fly ash. The XRD analysis showed a new diffraction peak in the 2θ = 21-24o. The morphology analysis showed that primary sludge and fly ash were uniformly dispersed into PS, increasing the mechanical properties and decreasing the melting point of the PS foam composite. The sound-absorbing composite produced had qualified ISO 11654:1997 on the rating level of the sound absorption coefficient on materials for rooms with sound absorption classes D and C with the value of αw 0.328-0.793. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for nanofillers in polymer industries to improve composite material properties for several purposes has increased significant interest. In this study, dioctyl phthalate-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced either with sepiolite or MgO was produced in which the characteristic of composite sepiolite/MgO-filled was compared. Sepiolite and MgO were added into PVC matrices with 5, 10, and 20 phr concentrations. The product was characterized using analytical techniques such as SEM, TGA, DSC, and the mechanical properties regarding ASTM D 638 Type IV. The tensile strength of the composite increased with the presence of sepiolite and MgO. The highest result showed at the concentration of 5 phr. However, the elongation at the break of the composite decreased with the addition of MgO. The morphology analysis showed that PVC-filled sepiolite had a rough surface with a sharp fracture, but no sharp fracture was found in the PVC-filled MgO. At a concentration of 5 phr, both sepiolite and MgO increased the thermal properties of PVC with a residue of PVC control, PVCSepiolite, and PVC-MgO at 14.74%, 19.34%, and 26.33% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After oxygen, silicon is the second most prevalent element. Despite their abundance, this element is not discovered by itself. Minerals like silicates and aluminum silicates are typically where you can find silicon compounds. This study uses synthesis composite organic-inorganic hybrid resin with a silicon nanoparticles intermediate. Silicon nanoparticles modified polyester can be used as an anode electrode on a secondary cell battery. The characterization XRD of SiNPs showed silicon but contained other impurities such as SiO2, Mg, and MgO. The characterization XRD of SiNPs-PE showed silicon, and a broad peak indicated polyester. The surface area shows SiNPs 70.550 m²/g and SiNPs-PE 1.064 m²/g. Pore size showed SiNPs 0.892 nm and SiNPs-PE 1.683 nm. Pore volume showed that SiNPs 0.142 cm³/g and SiNPs-PE 0.002 cm³/g. The characterization SEM shows a spherical shape for silicon and a solid surface that shows polyester. The electrical conductivity of SiNPs is 2140,673 μS/cm and resistance 4,671 Ω at 1 V, while the electrical conductivity of SiNPs-PE is 2752,294 μS/cm and resistance 3,633 Ω at 1 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted on the utilization of oil palm wood waste in the production of porous ceramics, which were then used as a motor vehicle exhaust gas filter. The porosity, hardness, and morphology of the resulting ceramics were all measured. Using the gas analysis approach, ceramics with a higher porosity value were also examined for their exhaust gas filtration power. The study's findings show that the particle size of oil palm sawdust has a significant impact on porosity, hardness, and ceramic morphology. The porosity of the ceramic decreases as the particle size decreases, but the hardness increases. Porous ceramics have porosity levels of 60, 57, and 56 percent. Porous ceramics have hardness values of 221, 62, 302, 83, and 363, 46 MPa. And Filtration of exhaust CO gas 1.88%, CO2 1.1%, and HC 1123 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove has special properties, i.e. able to adapt to the extreme environment. Any kind of plant that able to adapt in such a condition usually can have a different metabolic pathway and as the impact, this plant can produce a different metabolite which can act as an antibiotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical content and toxicity properties of Rhizophora mucronata. The functional group that presence in the extract was determined using UV-Vis and FT-IR. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, quinone, tannin and phenolic. The UV-Vis spectrum also proved the presence of phenolic (tannin) and flavonoid in the Rhizophora mucronata extract (280-390 nm). The presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, aromatic C=C group was confirmed from the FTIR spectrum. The toxicity property of ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata showed LC50 of 636.73 ppm = 1000 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]