Search

Background: Chelidonine is a potent anticancer against several cell lines. However, low bioavailability and water solubility restrict the clinical applications of this compound. Objective: The aim of this research was to develop a novel formulation of chelidonine encapsulated in the nanoparticles of poly(d l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) employing vitamin E D-α-tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (E TPGS) as a modifier to increase bioavailability. Methods: Chelidonine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated using a single emulsion method and modified by various concentrations of E TPGS. Nanoparticles were recognized in terms of morphology, surface charge, drug release, size, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency to obtain the optimized formulation. The cytotoxicity of different nanoformulations in HT-29 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The cells were stained with propidium iodide and annexin V solution to evaluate apoptosis using flow cytometry. Results: Spherical nanoparticles prepared with 2% (w/v) of E TPGS had the optimum formulation in the nanometer size range (153± 12.3 nm), with a surface charge of -14.06 ± 2.21 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 95.58 ± 3.47 %, drug loading of 33.13 ± 0.19%, and drug release profile of 73.54 ± 2.33. In comparison with non-modified nanoparticles and free chelidonine, E TPGS-modified nanoformulations improved anti-cancer capability even after three-months storage. Conclusion: Our results showed that E TPGS is an effective biomaterial for surface modification of nanoparticles, which can serve as a potential treatment for cancer.

Discharge of organic dyes from different industries into receiving rivers and natural streams poses serious problems for the environment because of their toxicity. These dyes are not readily biodegradable and therefore, their removal from effluents is urgent. Various methods used for removal of dyes from wastewater, such as coagulation, flocculation, filtration or reverse osmosis are quite expensive and have a low removal efficiency. On the contrary, Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using metal oxide semiconductors like ZnO, are capable to operate effectively and efficiently to degrade many dye pollutants.In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple solvothermal method with different solvents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed that nanoflower, nanorod, and nanosphere ZnO particles were produced when water, 1-hexanol, and ethylene glycol were used as the solvent, respectively. Nanoflower ZnO particles exhibited higher photocatalytic reduction efficiencies under UV light irradiation than nanosphere and nanorod particles. Results suggested a close relationship between the photocatalytic activity and the particle morphology and size which was due to using different solvents in preparation processes. Also, the recovery of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated and samples showed stable photodegradation efficiencies after being reused for three times.

The cellulose-based textiles currently used in hospitals are good conducive materials for cross-infection or transmission of diseases caused by microorganisms. Thus, great interest has been recently found in the antibacterial finishing of fabrics for practical applications to prevent the infection incidence. In this work, we developed novel SnO2/ZnO/chitosan bionanocomposites by one-step simultaneous sonochemical/sol–gel deposition to prepare an antibacterial textile as a model for combating bacterial infections. The different prepared samples were characterized using transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicating the embedded SnO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in treated fabrics. The treated fabrics were used to evaluate antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus as a model for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, using disk diffusion method in dark conditions as an in vitro model for treatment of bacterial wound infection. The procedure was more developed in terms of SnO2/ZnO molar ratio and using chitosan and citric acid to improve the antibacterial properties of the fabrics and their wash durability, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity of the fabrics was attained in a 50 min sonochemical coating process using SnO2/ZnO 1:2 molar ratio in initial sol and simultaneously deposited chitosan and citric acid. The presence of chitosan as complexing agent, citric acid as crosslink agent, and SnO2–ZnO heterojunction as important influencing parameters synergistically enhanced both the antimicrobial efficiency and maintenance of modified cotton durability after performing several washing cycles.

Protection against bacterial contamination remains a demand for healthcare textiles such as wound dressings to reduce or eliminate hospital-acquired infections related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We report herein a simple and straightforward in situ approach to deposit copper oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles onto cotton fabric using a sonochemical-mediated sol–gel method. Modification of the cotton surface was achieved by incorporation of citric acid (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve the attachment of the nanoparticles and reduce the attachment of bacteria to the cotton surface, respectively. The resultant cotton fabric was used against Escherichia coli as a Gram-negative bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus as a Gram-positive bacterium in dark condition as an in vitro model for treatment of bacterial wound infection. The effects of different treatment parameters including duration and frequency of ultrasonic irradiation, surface modification with PEG and/or CA, and cotton chemical composition with different metal oxide molar ratios on the antibacterial activity of the treated cotton fabric were studied. All treated cotton fabrics showed antibacterial activity, with higher efficiency for those coated with CuO or CuO/TiO2 (1:1 molar ratio) among the single metal oxide and composite-modified cotton fibers, respectively. Our results show that such functionalized cotton fibers could actively fight the spread of bacterial infections by preventing bacterial adhesion, enabling more efficient bonding, and ultrasonically promoting generation of nanoparticles and their strong adhesion to the fabric surface.

Burn injuries are one of the major global health problems. Despite aggressive local and systemic treatment to minimize infection, severe burn wounds continue to become infected with environmental and nosocomial pathogens at relatively high rates. We developed an ultrasound assisted sol–gel technique to prepare treated cotton fibers by coating fabric surface with NiO/organic polymer/enzyme matrix for in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity. The surface modification was performed to bond more efficiently NiO nanoparticles using cellulase enzyme, to reduce initial bacterial attachment on the hydrophilic surface using poly(ethylene glycol), and to promote ultrasonic generation and to overcome agglomeration of the nanoparticles, respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to quantify the efficacy of NiO-based cottons against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as two most burn wound pathogens isolated from burn wound swabs and tissue biopsies of hospitalized burn patients. Almost ba...

Sol–gel dip coating method has been employed for the deposition of nanostructured single nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) films and multilayered NiO/ZnO/NiO and ZnO/NiO/ZnO films. The structural, morphology and optical properties of prepared films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy, respectively. XRD analysis showed that ZnO-based films crystallized in write phase and presented an epitaxial orientation depending on the substrate. SEM images also showed uniform size distribution around 30–70 nm for all samples. Antibacterial effectiveness of NiO and ZnO- based films were tested against general Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922) and Streptococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 29213) as Gram negative and Gram positive model, respectively, using the so-called drop-test method under UV light illumination and dark conditions. ZnO/NiO/ZnO film was found to be the most toxic among tested samples, followed by ZnO, NiO/ZnO/NiO and NiO films. Samples exposure to UV light resulted in higher activity compared to dark conditions against both E. coli and S. aureus, but considerably more effective in the former case. The obtained results were discussed according to the lattice matching between the heteroepitaxial films and structural modification as key roles on the preferential growth orientation and antibacterial activity.

ZnO and Indium doped ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies have been synthesized by mild solvothermal method in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and Tritron X-100 as cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants, respectively. The hydrothermal growth mechanism was influenced by Indium impurity and surfactant. Hexagonal, flower, polyhedral and nearly spherical morphologies of ZnO were obtained. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The role of surfactant charge on the ZnO growth orientation was investigated and related mechanism discussed. The highest degradation rate constant was observed for In doped flower-like ZnO synthesized using CTAB. The effects of In doping and surfactant charge on the structure, morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity (PCA) of ZnO nanostructures were investigated and discussed in detail. Obtained results can be utilized in the synthesis of ZnO NSs with desired growth orientation and consequently enhanced properties.

Nickel oxide films were deposited onto glass substrates by sol–gel dip coating method using solvents of different polarities without any catalysts, templates or surfactants. Methanol, 1,4-butanediol, ethanol, and 2-propanol were used as solvents. The structural, optical and electrical properties of NiO films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements, respectively. Nickel oxide thin films with cubic phase crystal structure of various preferred orientations were obtained in the different solvents. The XRD results showed that films deposited from solution using higher polar solvents develop a (1 1 1) preferred orientation, while the (2 0 0)-orientated films were obtained using lower polar solvents. The average particle size increases with viscosity of solvents. Surface morphology of the nickel oxide film consisted of nanoparticles with uniform coverage of the substrate surface. The solvent of higher viscosity induced larger particle size. Band gap narrowing from 4.42 to 3.87 eV was observed using different solvents. The lower resistivity and Hall coefficient was obtained for prepared NiO films using higher polar solvents. The relationships between solvent physicochemical properties, preferred orientation, structural, optical and electrical properties of NiO films were investigated.

SiO 2 doped samples with different cobalt loading and pure SiO 2 and Co 3 O 4 nanopowders were synthesized by the solvothermal method and their antibacterial activities were studied. The morphology and crystallinity of the powders were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry patterns, respectively. The increase of particle size with doping concentration was obtained for cobalt-doped samples. The optical properties were studied using UV–vis spectroscopy. Optical studies showed a blue shift in the absorbance spectrum with increasing the doping concentration. The antibacterial activities of undoped SiO 2 , Co-doped SiO 2 and pure Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles against a Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli ( E. coli , ATCC 25922) and a Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus , ATCC 29213) were investigated under UV illumination and in the dark condition. Bactericidal effects were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. There was no activity for pure SiO 2 and Co 3 O 4 , however, cobalt doping significantly improved antibacterial activity against both bacteria. Bacterial growth inhibition was observed under dark condition with lower efficiency than under UV illumination. The antibacterial efficiencies were affected by the physiological status of the bacterial cells, different morphologies, particle sizes and optical properties of samples.

SnO 2 hierarchical architectures were synthesized by a surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis route. The influence of hydrothermal temperature and treatment time on the final morphology of the nanomaterials was studied. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and adsorption isotherm measurement. Degradation of aniline, 4-nitroaniline and 2,4-dinitroaniline as model organic pollutants was studied in the presence and absence of ultraviolet radiation. The effects of experimental parameters including irradiation time, solution pH and organics structure on the degradability were studied. The photodegradation of the pollutants followed first-order kinetics. The influence of SnO 2 morphology on its photocatalytic activity was comparatively investigated. The SnO 2 flower-shaped catalysts showed higher activity compared with others suggesting that the morphology of the catalysts exerts a noticeable influence on their performances.

The enhanced sonophotocatalytic degradation of Chrome Intra Orange G (C.I. 18745), an azo dye, in aqueous solution under UV light has been carried out using solvothermally sensitized ZnO nanoparticles as catalyst. The effects of sonolysis, sonocatalysis, photocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis have been examined to study the influences on the degradation rates by varying the initial dye concentration, dye solution pH, catalyst morphology and loading to ascertain the synergistic effect on the degradation techniques. ZnO sonophotocatalysis was always faster than the respective individual processes. Ultrasound may modify the rate of photocatalytic degradation by promoting the deaggregation of the catalyst and ultrasound-induced increase of its active surface area, by increasing the amount of reactive radical species through cavitation leading to water splitting and formation of H 2 O 2 by both photocatalysis and sonolysis. To further verify the direct relation of the effective surface area offered by ZnO to its reaction rate, sonophotocatalysis experiments were conducted using nanorods of different dimensions and aspect ratios. Higher aspect ratio values correspond to an enhancement of the sonophotocatalytic activity.

ZnO materials with different morphologies have been synthesized via a simple solvothermal method using different solvents without any catalysts, templates or surfactants. The ZnO samples are employed in the inactivation of gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in MilliQ water. The photocatalytic activities of samples to degrade an azo dye, Acid Orange 74 (CI 18745), were also tested. XRD data showed that single-phase ZnO with the wurtzite crystal structure but different growth habits were obtained in the different solvents. SEM imaging illustrated that ZnO with flower-like, rod-like, and spherical shape were produced when water, 1-hexanol, and ethylene glycol were used as the solvent, respectively. The optical properties of the as-prepared ZnO materials were investigated by UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The antibacterial efficiencies were affected by the physiological status of the bacterial cells, different morphologies and crystal growth habits, particle size and optical properties of ZnO samples. Results indicate that ZnO flower-like showed significantly higher photocatalytic inactivation than ZnO rod- and sphere-like against E. coli compared with S. aureus. It was found that the antibacterial activity of ZnO increased with decreasing crystallite size. The inactivation efficiencies for both organisms under light conditions were higher than under dark conditions. The obtained results were discussed according to the morphologies, optical and structural properties of ZnO powders as key parameters in photocatalytic and antibacterial activity.

The textile industry is characterized by high consumption of water, fuel, and chemicals. The wastewater treatment and recycling possibilities in the textile industry are environmentally of the highest importance. The most common chemical pollutants present in textile industry wastewater are the azo-dyes. The solution based sol–gel method was used to synthesize ZnO thin films using different solvents to evaluate the morphology-dependent photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of two azo dyes including sodium [3-[(4,5-dihydro- 3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulp-honato (3-)] hydroxychromate (1-) and sodium (5-((4′-((2,6-dihydroxy-3-((2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)azo)phenyl)azo)-4-biphenylylazo) salicylato (4-)) cuprate (2-) in water. 2-Propanol, methanol, ethanol, and 1,4-butanediol were used as solvents. The photocatalytic degradation rates depend on the dye structure and concentration, solvent-dependent ZnO film morphologies, pH of the medium and excitation light source. The observed rate constants of ZnO film prepared using 2-propanol and of ZnO film prepared using methanol were enhanced approximately by a factor of 3 under UV light and under visible light, respectively. The obtained results were discussed according to the structure and morphology of ZnO films as key parameters in photocatalytic activity.

Background In recent years, bioactive bioceramics such as bioglass and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been introduced as a remarkable development in the field of medicine due to their bio-adaptability, non-toxicity, and persistence, in vivo. They have many potential applications in the repair of bone defects and hence they have attracted significant interest from scholars. Objectives The aim of this study was to synthesize inorganic matrix CuO-based bioglasses and evaluate their antibacterial activity against aerobic bacterial infections in bone implants. Methods Nano-composite samples of silica-based bioactive glass, 60S BG with nano-powder CuO, were synthesized using the sol-gel method and then assessed with regard to their antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus using well diffusion agar. The samples included BG58S (58%SiO2, 36%CaO, 6%P2O5), BG/10CuO (58%SiO2, 26%CaO, 6%P2O5, 10%CuO), and BG/20CuO (48%SiO2, 26%CaO, 6%P2O5, 20%CuO). To evaluate their bioactivity, the prepared samples of BG/20CuO, BG/10CuO, and BG58S were immersed in simulated body fluids (SBF). The surface morphology and structure of the samples before and after immersion in the SBF were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. Then, the BG/20CuO and BG/10CuO samples were loaded in clindamycin, an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of osteomyelitis, and their release profiles were studied in phosphate buffer solution. Results It was observed that the growth inhibition zone increased through clindamycin release due to the increasing CuO percentage in the nanocomposite of bioactive glass. The bioactivity of the nanocomposite/bioglass with CuO was superior to that of bioglass alone. In this study, the BG/20CuO sample showed a sustained release of clindamycin, which is sufficient for a drug delivery system. Conclusions Increasing the Cu nanoparticles in bioactive glass samples leads to the release of Cu2+, which has a positive effect on the antibacterial mechanism, as well as decreasing the cultured Staphylococcus colonies found on the bioglasses. Therefore, it seems that the nanocomposite/bioglass of CuO is a promising option for aerobic bacterial inhibitor systems in common bone implant infections.

In the present study, the effects of the heterojunctions on the optical and structural characteristics and the resulting photocatalytic properties of multilayered ZnO-based thin films were investigated. The junctions were composed of semiconducting ZnO nano-porous films coated on the In2O3 and SnO2 counterpart layers. The multilayered ZnO films based on the triple-layered Ag-doped indium oxide (AIO)/tin oxide (TO)/zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (IO)/Ag-doped tin oxide (ATO)/zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (IO)/tin oxide (TO)/zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (TO)/ indium oxide (IO)/zinc oxide (ZnO) have been fabricated by subsequent sol‐gel dip coating. Their structural and optical properties combined with photocatalytic characteristics were examined toward degradation of Solantine Brown BRL (C.I. Direct Brown), an azo dye using in Iran textile industries as organic model under UV light irradiation. Effects of operational parameters such as initial concentration of azo dye, irradiation time, solution pH, absence and presence of Ag doping and consequent of sublayers on the photodegradation efficiencies of ZnO nultilayered thin films were also investigated and optimum conditions were established. It was found that the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye on the composite films followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Photocatalytic activity of AIO/TO/ZnO interface composite film was higher compared with other films and the following order was observed for films activities: AIO/TO/ZnO > IO/TO/ZnO > ATO/IO/ZnO > TO/IO/ZnO. Differences in the film efficiencies can be attributed to differences in crystallinity, interfacial lattice mismatch, and surface morphology. Besides, the presence of Ag doping between layers that may act as trap for electrons generated in the ZnO over layer thus preventing electron‐hole recombination. # 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

Nanostructure single ZnO, SnO2, In2O3 and composite ZnO/SnO2, ZnO/In2O3 and ZnO/SnO2/In2O3 films were prepared using sol–gel method. The obtained composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of composite films were investigated using phenol (P), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) as a model organic compounds under UV light irradiation. Hybrid semiconductor thin films showed a higher photocatalytic activity than single component ZnO, SnO2 and In2O3 films. The substituted phenols degrade faster than phenol. The ease of degradation of phenols is different for each catalyst and the order of catalytic efficiency is also different for each phenol. The use of multiple components offered a higher control of their properties by varying the composition of the materials and related parameters such as morphology and interface. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of phenolic compounds on the composite films and single films followed pseudo-first order kinetics.

The nano-sized coupled oxides ZnO/SnO2 thin films in a molar ratio of 2:1 (Z2S), 1:1 (ZS) and 1:2 (ZS2) were prepared using sol–gel dip coating method and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922) was selected as a model for the Gram-negative bacteria to evaluate antibacterial property of composite samples compared with single ZnO (Z) and single SnO2 (S) films. The antibacterial activity has been studied applying the so-called antibacterial drop test under UV illumination. The bactericidal activity was estimated by relative number of bacteria survived calculated from the number of viable cells which form colonies on the nutrient agar plates. The influence of the SnO2–ZnO nanocomposite composition on the structural features and on the antibacterial properties of the thin films are reported and discussed. It is found that all coatings exhibited a high antibacterial activity. The coupled oxide photocatalyst Z2S has better photocatalytic activity to bacteria inactivation than ZS, ZS2, Z and S films. Furthermore, nanostructured films were active even in the absence of irradiation.

Highly crystalline ZnO with different morphologies were synthesized by solvothermal and sol–gel synthesis methods in various solvents as the reaction medium. Ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol and polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) were used as solvents. Without use of any extra surfactant or template and ZnO seed layer, XRD data showed hexagonal single-phase ZnO with the wurtzite crystal structure for all solvents. SEM imaging indicated that ZnO with well-faceted hexagonal, spherical, agglomerated particles and nearly hexagonal rods were produced when ethanol, ethylene glycol, PEG 600 and 1,4-butanediol were used, respectively, in solvothermal synthesis method. In sol–gel synthesis method, nearly spherical and square particles were observed in ethanol and other solvents, respectively. However, no well-ordered structures and architectures were obtained at all. The optical properties of synthesized ZnO were investigated by UV–vis absorption and room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL). The optical properties showed well-defined relationship with solvent viscosity. Photocatalytic activity (PCA) of ZnO with different morphologies have been examined toward photodegradation of phenol. The ZnO prepared via both methods using ethanol as the solvent showed highest PCA. Influences of the solvents and synthesis methods on the morphology of ZnO samples and the effect of the morphologies on the PCA are discussed.

Indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), stannic oxide (SnO 2 ), and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin films were prepared on glass substrates using electron beam evaporation. The samples characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, diffraction ray-X and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, as a model compound, was investigated using different metal oxides in an attempt to compare the decomposition reaction rate. The progress of degradation was monitored using UV–vis spectrophotometry. The effects of various experimental parameters such as initial concentration of methylene blue (5–10 mg/l), pH of the solution (2–8), annealing temperature (250–550 °C), and catalyst nature and its microstructure were systematically studied in order to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. The results obtained were fitted with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model to study the degradation kinetics and discussed in detail. Nearly complete degradation was obtained at optimal operational parameters including the higher annealing temperature of thin film and the increase in MB solution pH. The degradation with In 2 O 3 was more efficient than with SnO 2 , ZnO and TiO 2 films.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on glass substrates using electron beam evaporation. Amorphous and crystalline films can be obtained at different annealing temperatures. The thin films are characterized by UV–vis, XRD spectra and AFM analysis. The degradation of X6G (C.I. Reactive Yellow 2), commonly used as textile dye, can be photocatalyzed by ITO and TiO2 thin films. The degradation can be completed in the order of minutes at optimal operational parameters. Using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and comparison between photoactivity of both films reveal that, indium tin oxide can be used as a suitable alternative to TiO2 thin films for water treatment.

The photocatalytic degradation of a non-biodegradable azo dye called (C.I. Direct 80, Red Sulphonyl 3BL) was investigated using TiO2 thin films in aqueous solution under irradiation of a mercury lamp Philips (UV-C) light source. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., annealing temperature of thin film, substrate nature on which TiO2 films were deposited, film thickness, pH of the solution, dye concentration, and irradiation time on the degradation rate of azo dye aqueous solutions was examined. Results show that the employment of efficient photocatalyst and the selection of optimal operational parameters lead to complete decolorization. The best conditions for maximum photocatalytic degradation were found to be pH 1 at 5 ppm concentration of dye over TiO2 thin films deposited on glass substrate coated with indium-tin oxide having 350 nm thicknesses annealed at 550 °C. The samples are all in the complete anatase phase and the particle size is in nanometer scale which is confirmed by XRD pattern analysis.

Photocatalytically active indium tin oxide thin film electrodes were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique onto a glass substrate having thickness 120 nm. Degradation of reactive dye yellow direct 42 has been performed using photoeletrocatalysis. A biased potential is applied across indium tin oxide photoelectrode illuminated by UV light. The best experimental conditions were found to be dye concentration 1.0 × 10− 5 mol L− 1, pH 5.25 and 0.5 mol L− 1 NaCl as supporting electrolyte when the photoelectrode was biased at + 0.5 V versus saturated calomel electrode. The effects of other electrolytes, dye concentration, pH solution, electrode annealing temperature and applied potentials have been also investigated and are discussed. Several common inorganic salts Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaNO3 and NaCl were chosen to act as supporting electrolytes, which was added into the dye solution. It is shown that the charge-transfer resistance of photoanode can be calculated by the analysis of its electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the photoelectrocatalytic degradation rate of yellow direct 42 was inversely proportional to the value of charge-transfer resistance of photoelectrodes at different pH. The value of charge-transfer resistance is smaller, the higher its photoelectro-activity is.